Response of successive three generations of cotton,bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),fed on cotton bolls under elevated CO_2

The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.

Relationship between rooting ability and endogenous phytohormone changes in successive continuous generation cuttings of Buxus sinica var. parvifolia, an endangered woody species in China

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of successive continuous generation （SCG） cuttings of Buxus sinica var. parvifolia on the rejuvenation of ortets at the hormone level, detect levels of indoleacetic acid （IAA）, abscisic acid （ABA）, isopentenyladenosine （iPA）, zeatin riboside （ZR） and gibberellin4 （GA4） during the rooting process of different generations by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） technology and statistically analyze the rooting characteristics of cuttings. The results show that, the root systems of subsequent generations （generation 1998, 2000） developed satisfactorily, only a few initial generation （generation 1990, 1994） cuttings rooted and the root growth was inhibited. Around the period of callus formation and root projection through the epidermis, there was a marked, regular variation in the levels of IAA, ABA and GA4 between the initial generations and subsequent generations.

Optimal inventory policies for short life cycle successive generations’ technology products

In this paper,a new Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)model for a successive generation of technology products has been discussed.The classical EOQ model is based on the assumption that the demand rate is constant.Hence it cannot be used for technology products where competition-substitution among products is a usual phenomenon.To address this problem,the EOQ model proposed in this article is considered a demand model for a technology product that follows the innovation-diffusion process.A numerical example has been illustrated and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to understand the path of the optimal planning horizon and optimal costs under varied innovation and imitation effect.The sensitivity analysis of the introduction timing of the second generation has been performed to know the applicability of the model in actual circumstances.The behavior of the model has been discussed in detail in the numerical illustration section.