Generalized Odd-Even Mode Theory and Mode Synthesis Antenna Design Approach

In this article,studies on the multimode excitation problem of waveguides and antennas,the balance/unbalance mech-anism and the balanced feeding techniques in dipole antenna systems are first briefly historically reviewed.In this context,general-ized odd-even mode theory is advanced to quantitatively and approximately describe the mutual coupling effect between a feed line and an antenna.As is mathematically deduced and demonstrated,the modal parity mismatch between the feed line and the antenna should ultimately dominate the unbalance phenomenon in antenna systems.Thus,an elegant,closed-form formula is derived to ap-proximately calculate the“unbalance degree”of a straight dipole off-center fed by a symmetric twin-wire line.Design approaches for the simplest,linear,1-D multimode resonant antennas are introduced.Moreover,the“falling tone excitation”law gauged based on prototype dipoles is revealed and used to develop a mode synthesis design approach for microstrip patch antennas(MPAs)and 2-D sectorial electric dipole antennas.Design examples with distinctive radiation performance are presented and discussed.Finally,possible development trends of multimode resonant antennas are prospected.

Numerical simulation of hydraulic force on the impeller of reversible pump turbines in generating mode

The hydraulic force on the reversible pump turbine might cause serious problems（e.g., the abnormal stops due to large vibrations of the machine）, affecting the safe operations of the pumped energy storage power plants. In the present paper, the hydraulic force on the impeller of a model reversible pump turbine is quantitatively investigated through numerical simulations. It is found that both the amplitude of the force and its dominant components strongly depend on the operating conditions（e.g., the turbine mode, the runaway mode and the turbine brake mode） and the guide vane openings. For example, the axial force parallel with the shaft is prominent in the turbine mode while the force perpendicular to the shaft is the dominant near the runaway and the turbine brake modes. The physical origins of the hydraulic force are further revealed by the analysis of the fluid states inside the impeller.

Experimental investigations of a prototype reversible pump turbine in generating mode with water head variations

Influences of water head variations on the performances of a prototype reversible pump turbine are experimentally studied in generating mode within a wide range of load conditions(from 25% to 96% of the rated power). The pressure fluctuations of the reversible pump turbine at three different water heads(with non-dimensional values being 0.48, 0.71 and 0.90) are measured and compared based on the pressure data recorded in the whole flow passage of the turbine. Furthermore, effects of monitoring points and load variations on the impeller-induced unstable behavior(e.g. blade passing frequency and its harmonics) are quantitatively discussed. Our findings reveal that water head variations play a significant role on the pressure fluctuations and their propagation mechanisms inside the reversible pump turbine.

Application of the generalized body-fixed coordinate system for the wave-body interaction problem of a small-depth elastic structure in head seas

The body-fixed coordinate system is applied to the wave-body interaction problem of a small-depth elastic structure which has both rigid and elastic body motions in head waves.In the weakly non-linear assumption,the perturbation scheme is used and the expansion is conducted up to second-order to consider several non-linear quantities.To solve the boundary value problem,linearization is carried out based not on inertial coordinate but on body-fixed coordinate which could be accelerated by a motion of a body.At first,the main feature of the application of body-fixed coordinate system for a seakeeping problem is briefly described.After that the transformation of a coordinate system is extended to consider an elastic body motion and several physical variables are re-described in the generalized mode.It has been found that the deformation gradient could be used for the transformation of a coordinate system if several conditions are satisfied.Provided there are only vertical bending in elastic modes and the structure has relatively small depth,these conditions are generally satisfied.To calculate an elastic motion of a body,the generalized mode method is adopted and the mode shape is obtained by solving eigen-value problem of dynamic beam equation.In the boundary condition of the body-fixed coordinate system,the motion effect reflected to free-surface boundary is considered by extrapolating each mode shape to the horizontal direction from a body.At last,simple numerical tests are implemented as a validation process.The second-order hydrodynamic force of a freely floating hemisphere is first calculated in zero forward speed condition.Next,motion and added resistance of a ship with forward speed are considered at different flexibility to confirm the effect of an elastic body motion in body-fixed coordinate system.