Vortex double layers (VDLs) and vortex projectiles (VPs) are the essential coherent structures which emerge in the shock excited (s/f/s) planar parallel "curtain" simulations of a 2D shock tube with PPM. The...Vortex double layers (VDLs) and vortex projectiles (VPs) are the essential coherent structures which emerge in the shock excited (s/f/s) planar parallel "curtain" simulations of a 2D shock tube with PPM. These opposite signed layers, formed by shock induced baroclinic deposition of vorticity, "ind" and are strongly affected by secondary reflected shocks and vortex interactions. In our visiometric mode of working, we quantify several of these processes and introduce time epochs to discuss the emerging phenomena and normalizations to scale (collapse) the data at M =1.5 and 2.0. This versatile configuration, easily obtained in the laboratory, allows us to study the formation, evolution and reacceleration of VPs and stratified turbulence and mixing.展开更多
在低碳背景下,含热电联产(Combined Heating And Power,CHP)及电转气(Power to Gas,P2G)技术的多能源微网系统可以实现多种能源清洁低碳化供应,提高能源综合利用效率。然而,风电强烈的随机性与波动性严重影响多能源微网运行的安全性与...在低碳背景下,含热电联产(Combined Heating And Power,CHP)及电转气(Power to Gas,P2G)技术的多能源微网系统可以实现多种能源清洁低碳化供应,提高能源综合利用效率。然而,风电强烈的随机性与波动性严重影响多能源微网运行的安全性与经济性。基于此,采用可调鲁棒优化方法应对风电出力不确定性;并根据P2G低碳特性和碳交易市场机制建立阶梯型碳交易模型,综合考虑常规机组的运行成本、电量交易成本、弃风惩罚成本以及碳交易成本,构建多能源微网日前双层可调鲁棒经济调度模型。最后,对系统不同场景的调度结果进行对比分析,结果表明:引入阶梯型碳价后,可以有效提升含P2G的热-电联产型多能源微网低碳运行的经济性,可调鲁棒方法能使多能源微网在经济性和保守性上得以平衡。展开更多
文摘Vortex double layers (VDLs) and vortex projectiles (VPs) are the essential coherent structures which emerge in the shock excited (s/f/s) planar parallel "curtain" simulations of a 2D shock tube with PPM. These opposite signed layers, formed by shock induced baroclinic deposition of vorticity, "ind" and are strongly affected by secondary reflected shocks and vortex interactions. In our visiometric mode of working, we quantify several of these processes and introduce time epochs to discuss the emerging phenomena and normalizations to scale (collapse) the data at M =1.5 and 2.0. This versatile configuration, easily obtained in the laboratory, allows us to study the formation, evolution and reacceleration of VPs and stratified turbulence and mixing.
文摘在低碳背景下,含热电联产(Combined Heating And Power,CHP)及电转气(Power to Gas,P2G)技术的多能源微网系统可以实现多种能源清洁低碳化供应,提高能源综合利用效率。然而,风电强烈的随机性与波动性严重影响多能源微网运行的安全性与经济性。基于此,采用可调鲁棒优化方法应对风电出力不确定性;并根据P2G低碳特性和碳交易市场机制建立阶梯型碳交易模型,综合考虑常规机组的运行成本、电量交易成本、弃风惩罚成本以及碳交易成本,构建多能源微网日前双层可调鲁棒经济调度模型。最后,对系统不同场景的调度结果进行对比分析,结果表明:引入阶梯型碳价后,可以有效提升含P2G的热-电联产型多能源微网低碳运行的经济性,可调鲁棒方法能使多能源微网在经济性和保守性上得以平衡。
文摘采用3种活性炭粉制备具有不同电容的阳极,研究了双电层电容阳极对单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池启动、运行、性能、阳极生物膜附着的影响。结果表明:当电极表面积相近的情况下,阳极双电层电容从0.0012 F增加到22.72 F时,微生物燃料电池启动时间缩短了68.0%,电池的最大功率密度增加了16.8倍,达到546.1 m W·m-2。扫描电子显微镜的结果表明高电容的阳极表面附着的微生物量比低电容电极的高1倍。因此,微生物燃料电池性能受阳极双电层电容的影响,而与阳极表面积的相关性小。
