The mechanisms of sex determination and the influence of exogenous factors on sex differentiation in crustacean were reviewed in the paper.Most of crustecea have not obviously sex chromosome.Androgenic gland was repor...The mechanisms of sex determination and the influence of exogenous factors on sex differentiation in crustacean were reviewed in the paper.Most of crustecea have not obviously sex chromosome.Androgenic gland was reported as the most important sex differentiation factors,implanting or cuting AG can change the sexal characterization of larval in crustacean.Although sex differentiation of crustacean is determined by gene,it is affected by exogenous factors such as parasite,photoperiod,temperature or hormone.Most cultured species have different body weight and length between male and female,this can be used in aquaculture to produce all male or female crusteceans to improve the production.展开更多
The determination of sex by simple observation is often difficult in marine mammals, even in sexually dimorphic species. Moreover, there is often the practical necessity to determine sex in samples that have been coll...The determination of sex by simple observation is often difficult in marine mammals, even in sexually dimorphic species. Moreover, there is often the practical necessity to determine sex in samples that have been collected without handling or observing the subjects. In these cases, a molecular assay for sex determination is required. We adapted an assay that targets the zinc-finger region and is based on a single primer pair, to the Guadalupe fur seal, a near threatened species that has a very limited breeding range. First, we validated the assay with a sample of pups in which we determined the sex by direct observation during handling;second, we compared it to a more recent assay, based on two different primer pairs and, finally, we evaluated the effect of DNA quantity on its reliability. The assay that we tested produced excellent results and was more reliable than the other one based on two primers. Reliable results were also obtained when only remarkably small quantities of DNA were amplified. These results show the potential use of this molecular assay in case of non-invasive sampling, an overly common situation when dealing with species of problematic conservation status.展开更多
Male pseudohermaphroditism is a rare disorders of sex development(DSD)that is manifested by a female-like appearance or incompletely differentiated external genitalia in an individual with a Y chromosome.In this paper...Male pseudohermaphroditism is a rare disorders of sex development(DSD)that is manifested by a female-like appearance or incompletely differentiated external genitalia in an individual with a Y chromosome.In this paper,we report our investigation of the case of a 33-year-old Chinese female who was diagnosed with a malignant mixed germ-cell tumor of the ovary.To confirm the sex of the female,we utilized genetic approaches to detect amelogenin and Y-STR loci.Y chromosome microdeletion was performed to identify existing deletions in the AZF regions and SRY.Chromosome karyotyping and whole-exome sequencing(WES)were then applied to reveal the deletion of sex chromosome segments and pathogenic variations in DNA sequences.Using DNA-STR genotyping,we detected both AMEL-X and AMEL-Y fragments.We also found haplotype Y-STR loci and detected all alleles.Furthermore,no microdeletion was detected in the AZF regions and SRY.The chromosome karyotyping was 46,XY.WES revealed a transversion mutation of 58T→C in the androgen receptor exon 1,which could be the pathogenic variant in this case of abnormal sexual development.Sex determination in forensic DNA typing is based on the amelogenin system.It is important that forensic biologists should master various genetic approaches to overcome the issue of gender ambiguity caused by DSDs.展开更多
As lower vertebrates, fishes have complex modes of sex determination. From the cytogenetic perspective, only a small proportion of fish species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes. At the present stage sex determinatio...As lower vertebrates, fishes have complex modes of sex determination. From the cytogenetic perspective, only a small proportion of fish species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes. At the present stage sex determination can only be explained via "genetics" rather than "genes" in most species. Nevertheless, genes associated with sex determination and male development were identified in a model fish medaka, Oryzias latipes. Sequences or genetic markers specific to certain sex chromosomes were reported in some fishes. These findings lay the groundwork for further studies on the function and regulation of sex genes aiming at elucidation of the mechanism of sex determination, and provide potential tool for sexing fish. In this minireview, progress in the past few decades in both cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies on sex determination of fish were summarized. Prospects, significance and possible future directions of the studies on fish sex determination were also discussed.展开更多
罗非鱼染色体遗传型性别决定机制(Chromosomal genetic sex determination,GSD)的研究开展较早,目前利用种间杂交的方法得到全雄罗非鱼在生产上已广泛应用,而对影响罗非鱼性别决定的环境因素研究开展较晚。研究证实罗非鱼确实存在温度...罗非鱼染色体遗传型性别决定机制(Chromosomal genetic sex determination,GSD)的研究开展较早,目前利用种间杂交的方法得到全雄罗非鱼在生产上已广泛应用,而对影响罗非鱼性别决定的环境因素研究开展较晚。研究证实罗非鱼确实存在温度依赖型性别决定机制(Temperature-dependent sex determination,TSD),而且这种温度依赖型性别决定机制只出现在性别发育的某一特定时期。近年来,研究者们开始尝试用分子生物学手段来研究罗非鱼性别决定及分化机制,寻找影响性别决定的基因位点、研究位点之间的相互关系及其相互作用,以及外界因素是如何通过调控性别决定位点来影响鱼类性别分化的等。目前研究的主要功能基因有DMRT基因家族、DAX1、SHP、AMH、oP450arom等。最新研究结果表明,tDMRT1可作为尼罗罗非鱼精巢分化的分子标记。展开更多
脊椎动物的Dmrt(double-sex and mab-3related transcription factor)是指与果蝇Dsx基因和线虫Mab-3基因同源的基因家族。本文阐述了Dmrt家族中8个成员的基因和蛋白结构特征,并通过分析Dmrt在各类脊椎动物发育中的表达显示,Dmrt家族主...脊椎动物的Dmrt(double-sex and mab-3related transcription factor)是指与果蝇Dsx基因和线虫Mab-3基因同源的基因家族。本文阐述了Dmrt家族中8个成员的基因和蛋白结构特征,并通过分析Dmrt在各类脊椎动物发育中的表达显示,Dmrt家族主要参与性别决定和性腺分化,也参与某些非性腺组织器官的发育:Dmrt1主要参与精巢分化,也与卵巢发育有关;Dmrt2主要参与体节的发生、分化以及非对称器官的形成;Dmrt3,4,5可共同参与或依次调控嗅器和脑的发育;Dmrt7为雄性配子发生所必须;Dmrt8属雄性偏向表达基因。Dmrt1在各脊椎动物的遗传性别决定通路中的位置和作用位点不同。展开更多
文摘The mechanisms of sex determination and the influence of exogenous factors on sex differentiation in crustacean were reviewed in the paper.Most of crustecea have not obviously sex chromosome.Androgenic gland was reported as the most important sex differentiation factors,implanting or cuting AG can change the sexal characterization of larval in crustacean.Although sex differentiation of crustacean is determined by gene,it is affected by exogenous factors such as parasite,photoperiod,temperature or hormone.Most cultured species have different body weight and length between male and female,this can be used in aquaculture to produce all male or female crusteceans to improve the production.
文摘The determination of sex by simple observation is often difficult in marine mammals, even in sexually dimorphic species. Moreover, there is often the practical necessity to determine sex in samples that have been collected without handling or observing the subjects. In these cases, a molecular assay for sex determination is required. We adapted an assay that targets the zinc-finger region and is based on a single primer pair, to the Guadalupe fur seal, a near threatened species that has a very limited breeding range. First, we validated the assay with a sample of pups in which we determined the sex by direct observation during handling;second, we compared it to a more recent assay, based on two different primer pairs and, finally, we evaluated the effect of DNA quantity on its reliability. The assay that we tested produced excellent results and was more reliable than the other one based on two primers. Reliable results were also obtained when only remarkably small quantities of DNA were amplified. These results show the potential use of this molecular assay in case of non-invasive sampling, an overly common situation when dealing with species of problematic conservation status.
基金the Project of Cultivating Young Talent in Fujian Provincial Health Commission(2020GGA004)Fujian Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant/Award Number:2021J01354).
文摘Male pseudohermaphroditism is a rare disorders of sex development(DSD)that is manifested by a female-like appearance or incompletely differentiated external genitalia in an individual with a Y chromosome.In this paper,we report our investigation of the case of a 33-year-old Chinese female who was diagnosed with a malignant mixed germ-cell tumor of the ovary.To confirm the sex of the female,we utilized genetic approaches to detect amelogenin and Y-STR loci.Y chromosome microdeletion was performed to identify existing deletions in the AZF regions and SRY.Chromosome karyotyping and whole-exome sequencing(WES)were then applied to reveal the deletion of sex chromosome segments and pathogenic variations in DNA sequences.Using DNA-STR genotyping,we detected both AMEL-X and AMEL-Y fragments.We also found haplotype Y-STR loci and detected all alleles.Furthermore,no microdeletion was detected in the AZF regions and SRY.The chromosome karyotyping was 46,XY.WES revealed a transversion mutation of 58T→C in the androgen receptor exon 1,which could be the pathogenic variant in this case of abnormal sexual development.Sex determination in forensic DNA typing is based on the amelogenin system.It is important that forensic biologists should master various genetic approaches to overcome the issue of gender ambiguity caused by DSDs.
文摘As lower vertebrates, fishes have complex modes of sex determination. From the cytogenetic perspective, only a small proportion of fish species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes. At the present stage sex determination can only be explained via "genetics" rather than "genes" in most species. Nevertheless, genes associated with sex determination and male development were identified in a model fish medaka, Oryzias latipes. Sequences or genetic markers specific to certain sex chromosomes were reported in some fishes. These findings lay the groundwork for further studies on the function and regulation of sex genes aiming at elucidation of the mechanism of sex determination, and provide potential tool for sexing fish. In this minireview, progress in the past few decades in both cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies on sex determination of fish were summarized. Prospects, significance and possible future directions of the studies on fish sex determination were also discussed.
文摘罗非鱼染色体遗传型性别决定机制(Chromosomal genetic sex determination,GSD)的研究开展较早,目前利用种间杂交的方法得到全雄罗非鱼在生产上已广泛应用,而对影响罗非鱼性别决定的环境因素研究开展较晚。研究证实罗非鱼确实存在温度依赖型性别决定机制(Temperature-dependent sex determination,TSD),而且这种温度依赖型性别决定机制只出现在性别发育的某一特定时期。近年来,研究者们开始尝试用分子生物学手段来研究罗非鱼性别决定及分化机制,寻找影响性别决定的基因位点、研究位点之间的相互关系及其相互作用,以及外界因素是如何通过调控性别决定位点来影响鱼类性别分化的等。目前研究的主要功能基因有DMRT基因家族、DAX1、SHP、AMH、oP450arom等。最新研究结果表明,tDMRT1可作为尼罗罗非鱼精巢分化的分子标记。
文摘脊椎动物的Dmrt(double-sex and mab-3related transcription factor)是指与果蝇Dsx基因和线虫Mab-3基因同源的基因家族。本文阐述了Dmrt家族中8个成员的基因和蛋白结构特征,并通过分析Dmrt在各类脊椎动物发育中的表达显示,Dmrt家族主要参与性别决定和性腺分化,也参与某些非性腺组织器官的发育:Dmrt1主要参与精巢分化,也与卵巢发育有关;Dmrt2主要参与体节的发生、分化以及非对称器官的形成;Dmrt3,4,5可共同参与或依次调控嗅器和脑的发育;Dmrt7为雄性配子发生所必须;Dmrt8属雄性偏向表达基因。Dmrt1在各脊椎动物的遗传性别决定通路中的位置和作用位点不同。
