The Asian cultivated rice Oryza sativa can be classified into two major subspecies:japonica/geng and indica/xian.There are large physiological and phenotypic differences between the two subspecies,with each having its...The Asian cultivated rice Oryza sativa can be classified into two major subspecies:japonica/geng and indica/xian.There are large physiological and phenotypic differences between the two subspecies,with each having its advantages and disadvantages.Understanding the differences between xian and geng could provide a foundation for cultivar improvement based on hybridization between subspecies in order to synthesize favorable traits.We review the origin and domestication of xian and geng rice,compare their differences in terms of physiological and phenotypical traits,and describe the molecular mechanism differences between the subspecies.Based on this knowledge,we propose an ideal plant architecture of geng rice varieties for northern regions.展开更多
Based on the matrix Lie super algebra and supertrace identity, the integrable super-Geng hierarchy with self-consistent is established. Furthermore, we establish the infinitely many conservation laws for the integrabl...Based on the matrix Lie super algebra and supertrace identity, the integrable super-Geng hierarchy with self-consistent is established. Furthermore, we establish the infinitely many conservation laws for the integrable super-Geng hierarchy. The methods derived by us can be generalized to other nonlinear equation hierarchies.展开更多
On the basis of previous studies,this paper summarizes the semantics of"hai"and"geng"in comparative structure and findsout the contradictions and disputes in previous studies.
Hybridization between Xian/indica(XI)and Geng/japonica(GJ)rice combined with utilization of plant ideotypes has greatly contributed to yield improvements in modern GJ rice in China over the past 50 years.To explore th...Hybridization between Xian/indica(XI)and Geng/japonica(GJ)rice combined with utilization of plant ideotypes has greatly contributed to yield improvements in modern GJ rice in China over the past 50 years.To explore the genomic basis of improved yield and disease resistance in GJ rice,we conducted a large-scale genomic landscape analysis of 816 elite GJ cultivars representing multiple eras of germplasm from China.We detected consistently increasing introgressions from three XI subpopulations into GJ cultivars since the 1980s and found that the XI genome introgressions significantly increased the grain number per panicle(GN)and decreased the panicle number per plant.This contributed to the improvement of plant type during modern breeding,changing multi-tiller plants tomoderate tiller plants with a large panicle size and increasing the blast resistance.Notably,we found that key gene haplotypes controlling plant architecture,yield components,and pest and disease resistance,including IPA1,SMG1,DEP3,Pib,Pi-d2,and Bph3,were introduced from XI rice by introgression.By GWAS analysis,we detected a GN-related gene Gnd5,which had been consistently introgressed from XI into GJ cultivars since the 1980s.Gnd5 is a GRAS transcription factor gene,and Gnd5 knockout mutants showed a significant reduction in GN.The estimated genetic effects of genes varied among different breeding locations,which explained the distinct introgression levels of XI gene haplotypes,including Gnd5,DEP3,etc.,to these GJ breeding pedigrees.These findings reveal the genomic contributions of introgressions from XI to the trait improvements of GJ rice cultivars and provide new insights for future rice genomic breeding.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071982 and U1708231).
文摘The Asian cultivated rice Oryza sativa can be classified into two major subspecies:japonica/geng and indica/xian.There are large physiological and phenotypic differences between the two subspecies,with each having its advantages and disadvantages.Understanding the differences between xian and geng could provide a foundation for cultivar improvement based on hybridization between subspecies in order to synthesize favorable traits.We review the origin and domestication of xian and geng rice,compare their differences in terms of physiological and phenotypical traits,and describe the molecular mechanism differences between the subspecies.Based on this knowledge,we propose an ideal plant architecture of geng rice varieties for northern regions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（11271008, 61072147, 11547175） Supported by the Science and Technology Department of Henan Province（152300410230）+1 种基金 Supported by the Key Scientific Research Projects of Henan Province（16A110026） Supported by the Education Department of Henan Province（13All0101）
文摘Based on the matrix Lie super algebra and supertrace identity, the integrable super-Geng hierarchy with self-consistent is established. Furthermore, we establish the infinitely many conservation laws for the integrable super-Geng hierarchy. The methods derived by us can be generalized to other nonlinear equation hierarchies.
文摘On the basis of previous studies,this paper summarizes the semantics of"hai"and"geng"in comparative structure and findsout the contradictions and disputes in previous studies.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1200500 and 2016YFD0100101)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100801 and 2017YFA0503800)+3 种基金CAAS Science and Technology Innovation Pro-gram,Protective Program of Crop Germplasm of China(19200385-1)Third National Survey And Collection Action On Crop Germplasm Resource(19210859 and 19210860)National Crop Germplasm Re-sources Center(NCGRC-2021-02)Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Sci-ence and Technology City(SKJC-2020-02-001)。
文摘Hybridization between Xian/indica(XI)and Geng/japonica(GJ)rice combined with utilization of plant ideotypes has greatly contributed to yield improvements in modern GJ rice in China over the past 50 years.To explore the genomic basis of improved yield and disease resistance in GJ rice,we conducted a large-scale genomic landscape analysis of 816 elite GJ cultivars representing multiple eras of germplasm from China.We detected consistently increasing introgressions from three XI subpopulations into GJ cultivars since the 1980s and found that the XI genome introgressions significantly increased the grain number per panicle(GN)and decreased the panicle number per plant.This contributed to the improvement of plant type during modern breeding,changing multi-tiller plants tomoderate tiller plants with a large panicle size and increasing the blast resistance.Notably,we found that key gene haplotypes controlling plant architecture,yield components,and pest and disease resistance,including IPA1,SMG1,DEP3,Pib,Pi-d2,and Bph3,were introduced from XI rice by introgression.By GWAS analysis,we detected a GN-related gene Gnd5,which had been consistently introgressed from XI into GJ cultivars since the 1980s.Gnd5 is a GRAS transcription factor gene,and Gnd5 knockout mutants showed a significant reduction in GN.The estimated genetic effects of genes varied among different breeding locations,which explained the distinct introgression levels of XI gene haplotypes,including Gnd5,DEP3,etc.,to these GJ breeding pedigrees.These findings reveal the genomic contributions of introgressions from XI to the trait improvements of GJ rice cultivars and provide new insights for future rice genomic breeding.
