Correlation of personality with individual reproductive success in shrub-nesting birds depends on their life history style

Two questions in the research of animal personality—whether there is a correlation between a personality trait and individual reproductive success,and what is the genetic basis underlying a personality trait—remain unresolved.We addressed these two questions in three shrub-nesting birds,the Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus,AM),White-collared Blackbird(Turdus albocinctus,WB),and Brown-cheeked Laughingthrush(Trochalopteron henrici,BL).The personality type of an individual was first identified according to its response to a territorial intruder.Then,we compared the fleeing distance,breeding parameters,and differential expressed genes(DEGs) in the brain transcriptome between bold and shy breeders.In the three species,bold breeders exhibited more aggressiveness towards an intruder of their territory than did shy breeders.The reproductive success of bold breeders was significantly higher than that of shy breeders in AM but not in WB and BL.The three species shared one DEG,crabp1,which was up-regulated in bold relative to in shy individuals.By regulating the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone,higher crabp1 gene expression can decrease cellular response to retinoic acid.Therefore,bold individuals are insensitive to external stresses and able to exhibit more aggressiveness to intruders than their shier counterparts.Aggressiveness is beneficial to bold individuals in AM but not in WB and BL because the former could evoke neighbors to make the same response of defending against intruders but the latter could not.Although a personality trait may have the same genetic basis across species,its correlation with reproductive success depends largely on the life history style of a species.

Personality Trait Detection via Transfer Learning

Personality recognition plays a pivotal role when developing user-centric solutions such as recommender systems or decision support systems across various domains,including education,e-commerce,or human resources.Tra-ditional machine learning techniques have been broadly employed for personality trait identification;nevertheless,the development of new technologies based on deep learning has led to new opportunities to improve their performance.This study focuses on the capabilities of pre-trained language models such as BERT,RoBERTa,ALBERT,ELECTRA,ERNIE,or XLNet,to deal with the task of personality recognition.These models are able to capture structural features from textual content and comprehend a multitude of language facets and complex features such as hierarchical relationships or long-term dependencies.This makes them suitable to classify multi-label personality traits from reviews while mitigating computational costs.The focus of this approach centers on developing an architecture based on different layers able to capture the semantic context and structural features from texts.Moreover,it is able to fine-tune the previous models using the MyPersonality dataset,which comprises 9,917 status updates contributed by 250 Facebook users.These status updates are categorized according to the well-known Big Five personality model,setting the stage for a comprehensive exploration of personality traits.To test the proposal,a set of experiments have been performed using different metrics such as the exact match ratio,hamming loss,zero-one-loss,precision,recall,F1-score,and weighted averages.The results reveal ERNIE is the top-performing model,achieving an exact match ratio of 72.32%,an accuracy rate of 87.17%,and 84.41%of F1-score.The findings demonstrate that the tested models substantially outperform other state-of-the-art studies,enhancing the accuracy by at least 3%and confirming them as powerful tools for personality recognition.These findings represent substantial advancements in personality recognition,making them appropriate for the development of user-centric applications.

The Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on Older Europeans’ Physical Health

Investigating the role of Big Five personality traits in relation to various health outcomes has been extensively studied. The impact of “Big Five” on physical health is here explored for older Europeans with a focus on examining age groups differences. The study sample included 378,500 respondents derived from the seventh data wave of Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The physical health status of older Europeans was estimated by constructing an index considering the combined effect of well-established health indicators such as the number of chronic diseases, mobility limitations, limitations with basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and self-perceived health. This index was used for an overall physical health assessment, for which the higher the score for an individual, the worst health level. Then, through a dichotomization process applied to the retrieved Principal Component Analysis scores, a two-group discrimination (good or bad health status) of SHARE participants was obtained as regards their physical health condition, allowing for further con-structing logistic regression models to assess the predictive significance of “Big Five” and their protective role for physical health. Results showed that neuroti-cism was the most significant predictor of physical health for all age groups un-der consideration, while extraversion, agreeableness and openness were not found to significantly affect the self-reported physical health levels of midlife adults aged 50 up to 64. Older adults aged 65 up to 79 were more prone to open-ness, whereas the oldest old individuals aged 80 up to 105 were mainly affected by openness and conscientiousness. .

Cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder alone versus those with bipolar disorder comorbid with borderline personality disorder

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder(BD)is a severe mental illness.BD often coexists with borderline personality disorders,making the condition more complex.AIM To explore the differences in cognitive impairment between patients with BD and those with BD comorbid with borderline personality disorder.METHODS Eighty patients with BD and comorbid borderline personality disorder and 80 patients with BD alone were included in groups A and B,respectively,and 80 healthy volunteers were included as controls.Cognitive function in each group was evaluated using the Chinese version of the repeatable battery for the assess-ment of neuropsychological status(RBANS),the Stroop color-word test,and the Wechsler intelligence scale-revised(WAIS-RC).RESULTS The indices of the RBANS,Stroop color-word test,and WAIS-RC in groups A and B were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Group A had significantly longer Stroop color-word test times for single-character,single-color,double-character,and double-color,lower scores of immediate memory,visual breadth,verbal function dimensions and total score of the RBANS,as well as lower scores of verbal IQ,performance IQ,and overall IQ of the WAIS-RC compared with group B(P<0.05).Compared to group B,group A exhibited significantly longer single-character time,single-color time,double-character time,and double-color time in the Stroop color-word test(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The cognitive function of patients with BD complicated with borderline personality disorder is lower than that of patients with BD.

Personality:人格还是个性

Personality在我国心理学中的译名既可谓人格,也可谓个性。这一奇特的现象是中国的特色。文章考察了它们在中国的沿革及personality在西方的原意和演变,分析了其形成和存在的原因,提出了解决这一问题主张和建议。

Educational Leader's Personality Style Inventory in K12 and Higher Education Levels

The research introduced the application of Personality Style Inventory on two levels of educational leaders: K12 level and higher education level, including both American and Chinese school leaders. Through comparing and contrasting of personality types at different levels, it is revealed that educational leaders in different levels have different personal characteristics and the researcher tries to find out how the Personality Style Inventory can improve the leadership practice.

Spastin and alsin protein interactome analyses begin to reveal key canonical pathways and suggest novel druggable targets

Developing effective and long-term treatment strategies for rare and complex neurodegenerative diseases is challenging. One of the major roadblocks is the extensive heterogeneity among patients. This hinders understanding the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and building solutions that have implications for a broad spectrum of patients. One potential solution is to develop personalized medicine approaches based on strategies that target the most prevalent cellular events that are perturbed in patients. Especially in patients with a known genetic mutation, it may be possible to understand how these mutations contribute to problems that lead to neurodegeneration. Protein–protein interaction analyses offer great advantages for revealing how proteins interact, which cellular events are primarily involved in these interactions, and how they become affected when key genes are mutated in patients. This line of investigation also suggests novel druggable targets for patients with different mutations. Here, we focus on alsin and spastin, two proteins that are identified as “causative” for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia, respectively, when mutated. Our review analyzes the protein interactome for alsin and spastin, the canonical pathways that are primarily important for each protein domain, as well as compounds that are either Food and Drug Administration–approved or are in active clinical trials concerning the affected cellular pathways. This line of research begins to pave the way for personalized medicine approaches that are desperately needed for rare neurodegenerative diseases that are complex and heterogeneous.

数字化精准全膝关节置换与传统置换方法的短期效果对比

背景:传统全膝关节置换手术在术前的准备有限,作者提出基于计算机仿真和3D打印技术的数字化精准全膝置换方法,旨在通过充分的术前设计来提升置换效果。目的:利用计算机仿真和个性化手术导板建立数字化精准全膝关节置换方法,比较新方法和传统方法的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析97例全膝关节置换患者的临床资料,根据手术方法将患者分为2组,对照组(n=48)采取传统方式进行全膝关节置换手术,使用传统胶片模板;观察组(n=49)采用数字化精准全膝置换方法进行手术,使用计算机辅助技术选定假体尺寸型号。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术前及术后美国特种外科医院膝关节评分以及股骨力线和膝关节面线夹角和胫骨角、髋膝踝角与标准角度的差值。结果与结论:(1)两组患者术前性别、年龄、体质量指数、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分,以及胫骨角、股骨力线和膝关节面线夹角、髋膝踝角与标准角度的差值相比差异均无显著性意义(P> 0.05);(2)与对照组比较,观察组手术时间缩短、出血量减少;两组术后3个月膝关节美国特种外科医院膝关节评分对比术前均显著升高(P> 0.05),且术后3个月观察组评分高于对照组(P> 0.05);(3)两组之间胫骨角、股骨力线和膝关节面线夹角、髋膝踝角与标准角度的差值相比差异均有显著性意义,观察组优于对照组(P <0.05);(4)观察组股骨假体预测准确率为94%,对照组为58%;胫骨假体预测准确率为96%,对照组为62%;(5)提示数字化精准全膝关节置换相较传统全膝关节置换的手术时间更短、出血量更少、术后膝关节功能评分和力线恢复更好,具有良好的短期临床效果。

A Study on Ruth's Personality Structure in Martin Eden

In Martin Eden,the development of the relationship between Martin and Ruth falls into three stages.During the first stage of their acquaintance,Ruth’s ego and super-ego vanquish her id transitorily.In the second stage of intimacy,Ruth is strongly manipulated by her super-ego that mainly originates from her Electra complex.Consequently,she attempts to re-mould Martin in the shape of her father,but in vain.When it comes to the third stage of relationship break-down,obliged to moralities and norms,Ruth chooses to end their relationships.

3D打印个性化正畸装置对单根牙垂直移动的三维有限元分析

背景:基于牙齿垂直移动原理,通过数字化设计结合3D打印制作个性化正畸装置,可使个性化正畸装置与单个切牙形成支抗系统。借助微种植体绝对支抗作用可对单根牙在三维方向上进行精准控制。目的:基于生物力学原理设计了牙位11、12、21、22压低移动与伸长移动的个性化正畸装置,通过三维有限元法分析个性化正畸装置的安全性与其对牙齿的移动作用。方法:应用Mimics、Geomagic Wrap、SolidWorks和Ansys Workbench软件分别建立了上颌前牙区(牙位11、12、21、22)牙槽骨-牙周膜-上颌切牙-个性化悬臂微种植体-连接板-个性化托槽的三维有限元模型,每个牙位分别设置个性化压低移动与伸长移动正畸装置,加载300 g拉力或推力,分析个性化正畸装置各部件应力水平,计算牙齿位移与牙周膜应力分布情况。结果与结论:①个性化压低移动正畸装置受到的最大等效应力为162.90 MPa,个性化伸长移动正畸装置受到的最大等效应力239.57 MPa,二者的最大等效应力均位于个性化托槽加力附件的垂直部分,个性化正畸装置各部件所受等效应力均在屈服强度内,均具有良好的安全性;②在个性化正畸装置作用下,牙齿初始位移呈现整体压低或伸长移动的趋势,垂直方向上的位移远远超过在水平方向和矢状方向上的位移;牙周膜根尖或颈部位置出现等效应力峰值,在根尖区牙周膜出现等效应力集中区域;③结果显示,个性化正畸装置可以使牙位11、12、21、22近似达到压低移动或伸长移动的目的,初步证实了个性化垂直移动正畸装置的有效性。

On Teachers’Sound Personality in Modern Higher Education

This paper aims at the discussion on teachers' personality.Personality education has already been regarded as a part of whole education.Thus it is very necessary for those who are teachers or who are going to be teachers to know something about teachers' personality.This paper intends to discuss teachers' personality from the following aspects: what is teachers' personality;what are the standards of a sound personality of a teacher;what the effects of teacher's personality on students are;how to develop a sound personality.

Interpretation of Independent Personality in Jane Eyre

A very successful image of feminism is created in this novel:Jane Eyre,written by Charlotte Bronte.Jane Eyre grows up from a penniless and pathetic girl into a totally independent new woman economically and emotionally.This essay will introduce the background and the purpose of writing Jane Eyre,then take the independent personality of Jane Eyre as the main body and explore her feminist consciousness,end with some enlightenment from the independent personality in Jane Eyre.

Service composition algorithm using semantic constraint to implement user personality

In order to improve the efficiency and quality of service composition,a service composition algorithm based on semantic constraint is proposed.First, a user’s requirements and services from a service repository are compared with the help of a matching algorithm.The algorithm has two levels and filters out the services which do not match the user’s constraint personality requirements.The mechanism can reduce the searching scope at the beginning of the service composition algorithm.Secondly,satisfactions of those selected services for the user’s personality requirements are computed and those services,which have the greatest satisfaction value to make up the service composition,are used.The algorithm is evaluated analytically and experimentally based on the efficiency of service composition and satisfaction for the user’s personality requirements.

胃癌类器官模型应用于个性化药物筛查的可行性

背景:术后辅助化疗是治疗胃癌的常用方法,但患者对化疗的反应存在很大的差异,需要一种新的临床治疗前模型,来指导胃癌患者的个性化药物治疗。目的:构建基于胃癌组织的类器官模型,探讨其在个性化药物筛查中的应用价值。方法:收集20例胃癌患者术中切除的组织标本,消化分解后与基质胶混合种板,添加含有表皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子10的类器官培养基进行培养。采用苏木精-伊红染色和免疫组化染色对胃癌类器官及原始肿瘤组织进行病理形态学及免疫分子标记同质性验证。通过对卡铂、伊立替康、氟尿嘧啶、奥沙利铂、紫杉醇、表阿霉素等6种药物进行药物敏感性筛查,评估胃癌类器官模型用于药物筛查的可行性。结果与结论:成功培养14例胃癌类器官,类器官的形态及生长特性存在个体性差异,所有类器官均可稳定传代、冻存、复苏。胃癌类器官保留了与原发肿瘤相同的形态学特征及免疫分子表达。6例类器官对6种化疗药物表现出了不同的药物敏感性,初步证实了胃癌类器官作为体外药物筛查模型具有可行性。

生成式人工智能应用场景下个人信息保护的法律风险及应对

数据已成为新的产权要素和产业基础,而具备了一定理性能力的生成式人工智能ChatGPT在大数据喂养、人为数据标识处理和信息再输出三个层次对个人信息权益构成了新的侵权范式。尽管《个人信息保护法》《网络安全法》等法律规范已确立起一系列个人信息保护手段,但在生成式人工智能服务与应用端仍面临着解释和适用上的难题。为此,我国需要在保障个人信息权益的前提下鼓励发展人工智能技术——在总体上要树立起基于风险的个人信息保护原则,并尝试以“风险预知—解构—化解”为基本路径,在微观上优化“知情-同意”规则,以“设计保护”原则强化企业内部自治,并灵活调整侵权责任追究机制。

面向极端雨季内涝的配电设施涉水抢修触电防护

我国区域极端气候复杂,部分地区的电力设备在雨季内涝时会出现故障甚至漏电风险。为解决内涝条件下电力涉水抢修触电问题,首先,对人体安全电位进行理论分析,得出人体安全电位阈值,阐明人体触电机理;其次,采用有限元分析软件建立电力涉水抢修时的水体散流模型及人体触电模型,计算分析涉水深度对人体电位及心脏电位的影响规律,并对不同防护状态下的防护服内外部电位分布进行仿真计算;最后,通过模拟试验对不同防护状态下的人体电位分布进行验证。研究结果可为电力涉水抢修致人体触电问题的解决提供参考。

Personality traits and emotional patterns in irritable bowel syndrome

The review focuses on those personality traits(neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), constructs(alexithymia and distressed- Type D personality) and emotional patterns(negative and positive) that are of particular concern in health psychology, with the aim to highlight their potential role on the pathogenesis, onset, symptom clusters, clinical course, and outcome of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Personality traits and emotional patterns play key roles in affecting autonomic, immune, inflammatory, and endocrine functions, thus contributing not only to IBS clinical expression and symptomatic burden, but also to disease physiopathology. In this sense, psychological treatments should address those personality traits and emotional features that are constitutive of, and integral to IBS. The biopsychosocial model of illness applied to IBS acknowledges the interaction between biological, psychological, environmental, and social factors in relation to pain and functional disability. A holistic approach to IBS should take into account the heterogeneous nature of the disorder, and differentiate treatments for different types of IBS, also considering the marked individual differences in prevalent personality traits and emotional patterns. Beyond medications, and lifestyle/dietary interventions, psychological and educational treatments may provide the optimal chance of addressing clinical symptoms, comorbid conditions, and quality of life in IBS patients.

Impact of personality and coping mechanisms on health-related quality of life in liver transplantation recipients

With the great development of liver transplantation in China, long survival and quality of life after liver transplantation have been matters of growing interest. This study was designed to investigate the impact of personality and coping skills on the quality of life after liver transplantation. METHODS:Fifty-five outpatients who had been followed up after liver transplantation at our center were assessed by general quality of life inventory (GQOLI-74 ), a medical coping modes questionnaire (MCMQ), an eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), and a general condition questionnaire (GCQ). RESULTS: The score for material well-being was the lowest (63.22±12.67) and for psychological well-being the highest (73.43±12.60) in 4 dimensions of the GQOLI in post transplantation patients. Their main coping method was confrontation (21.40±3.70). The main characteristics of their personality were extraversation (E score 12.96±4.13) and neuroticism (N score 8.20±4.90) . The total score of the GQOLI was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and it was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. The physical well-being positively associated with the E score. The psychological well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and L score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance, P and N score. Social well-being was positively correlated with confrontation and E score, and was negatively correlated with acceptance and N score. Material well-being was not correlated with coping methods and personality. CONCLUSION:The quality of life in post liver transplantation patients is associated with their psychological characteristics.

Influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on anxiety in primary glaucoma patients

AIM: To examine the influences of personality characteristics and coping modes on the anxiety of primary glaucoma patients.METHODS: A total of 200 individuals, including 50 with primary angle-closure glaucoma, 60 with primary open angle glaucoma and 90 control participants, filled out the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, NEO Five-Factor Inventory, and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire. Sociodemographic information was also collected. Data were analyzed via the Spearman rank correlation test and stepwise regression.RESULTS: The personality and coping variables are predictive and jointly account for a significant amount (45.3%-54.2%) of variance across the two subscales of anxiety measures. Notably, neuroticism seems to be most closely related to anxiety disturbances in glaucoma patients. The level of resignation is positively linked to anxiety scores.CONCLUSION: Some personality factors and coping modes help to predict the process of anxiety disorders in primary glaucoma patients. Recognizing the predictive role of these variables in the patients may further enrich clinical research in glaucoma and help to design more effective interventions involving both ophthalmology and psychiatry.

Development of alexithymic personality features

The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature regarding the development of alexithymic personality features. Modern brain imaging technologies provide interesting data on the associations of alexithymia with different aberrations in brain function related to emotion regulation; however, the development of these deviations is poorly understood. A notable amount of research covers the relation of alexithymia to differentenvironmental factors. Many of these associations, for example, with low socio-economic status and general psychopathology in childhood, are well established. However, the retrospective and cross-sectional designs commonly used in these studies, as well as the use of self-report measures, hinder the ability to firmly establish causality. Certain individual developmental factors, such as lagging speech development and congenital cardiac malformations in childhood, have been associated with the development of alexithymia. Regarding the stability of alexithymia, a systematic review of the literature was conducted for this paper. In addition to being characterized as a personality feature in the general population, alexithymia also clearly has a state-like dimension that results in increases and decreases in alexithymic features in conjunction with mental disorder symptoms. An essential question is whether the alexithymic features in adulthood are, in fact, infantile features of a restricted ability to identify and describe emotions that simply persist in individuals through adolescence to adulthood. To firmly establish the roots of alexithymia development, longitudinal studies, particularly in younger populations, are needed. Furthermore, multifaceted study settings are encouraged.