Lineaperpetua gen.nov.:a new diatom genus in the Thalassiosirales supported by morphology and molecular data

Based on a combination of morphology and molecular data of ribosomal DNA genes,a new diatom genus Lineaperpetua gen.nov.Yu,You,Kociolek&Wang is described.The features that help define Lineaperpetua at the level of genus include:a tangentially undulated valve face;continuous cribra areolae on the valve interior consisting of pores arranged as strips;single rimoportula located inside the ring of marginal fultoportulae.Additionally,phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear small subunit(SSU)rDNA sequences and nuclear large subunit(LSU)rDNA gene placed the three strains of L.lacustris in a single,monophyletic clade at a considerable sequence distance from the other genera(Thalassiosira,Conticribra,Planktoniella,Shinodiscus,and other genera)belonging to Thalassiosirales.Despite the similarities with some species of Thalassiosira,Conticribra,and Spicaticribra,the suite of features found in Lineaperpetua differentiate it from these other genera.These molecular data and morphological characters suggest an affinity of the new genus to the Thalassiosiraceae.

A new diatom genus Spargeria gen.nov.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,China,and the description of two new species

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known genera.Herein we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria gen.nov.The new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded externally.Comparatively,Spargeria zhuii sp.nov.has larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia sp.nov.is smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near apices.This new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this family.Our work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

Yuzaoea gen. nov., a new biraphid diatom(Bacillariophyceae)genus and its phylogenetic significance

The flexed frustules in pennate diatoms are usually associated with monoraphid diatoms. Interestingly, we found a biraphid diatom species with flexed frustules in an offshore intertidal beach environment on Weizhou Island,Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Therefore, based on morphological characteristics, we described a new genus of diatoms Yuzaoea sinensis gen. et sp. nov. CH Li, HH Liu, YH Gao & CP Chen. The frustule of this genus is characterized by heterogeneous frustule with one concave valve and one convex valve,complete raphe on both valves, straight and moderately eccentric raphe, uniseriate striae and girdle bands with a single row of areolae. The most identifying feature of this genus was the flexed frustule, which is rare in biraphid diatoms and common in monoraphid diatoms. We compared the morphometric characteristics of genus Yuzaoea with genus Rhoikoneis and several genera within the family Rhoicospheniaceae, including Rhoicosphenia,Campylopyxis, and Cuneolus. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA and rbc L showed that the genus Yuzaoea was the sister group to the clade of Rhoicosphenia with a high support value(bootstrap values = 100%), and the clade “Yuzaoea+Rhoicosphenia” was sister to the clade of monoraphid diatoms, in which the genera Achnanthidium, Planothidium and some Cocconeis with high support values(bootstrap = 100%).Morphologically, the genus Yuzaoea shares many morphological features with monoraphid diatoms like genera Achnanthidium and Planothidium and the members within the Rhoicospheniaceae. Therefore, based on a combined morphological studies and phylogenetic results we suggested that this branch may represented the evolution of one kind monoraphid diatoms, from biraphid diatoms(e.g. genus Yuzaoea), to incompleted biraphid diatoms(e.g. genera Rhoicosphenia, Campylopyxis), to monoraphid diatoms(e.g. genera Achnanthidium and Planothidium).

First Record of the Genus Wijayarana (Anura, Ranidae) from Yunnan, China

Dear Editor,e family Ranidae is one of the largest and most families of amphibians(Che et al.,2007),with 64 recognized genera and429 species(Frost,2022).However,the systematics and natural history of some ranid groups have not been well-studied.One such example is the taxonomic relationship between Sylvirana,H ylarana and other closely-related taxa(Che et al.,2007;Pyron and Wiens,2011;Oliver et al.,2015).China has a large diversity of ranid frogs,with 146 speciesbelonging to 7 genera,and48 species belonging to 7 genera in the southern province of Yunnan(AmphibiaChina,2022).

Species differentiation and identification in the genus of Helicobacter

Ａｓｅａｒｌｙａｓｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅｏｆｓｐｉｒａｌｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓｗａｓｎｏｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｏｍａｃｈｓｏｆｄｏｇｓ［１］，ｒａｔｓａｎｄｃａｔｓ［２］．Ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｙｅａｒｓｏｆｔｈ...

Review of the genus Brachytarsophrys(Anura:Megophryidae),with revalidation of Brachytarsophrys platyparietus and description of a new species from China

The genus-level recognition of monophyletic short-legged toads(Brachytarsophrys)has been recently implicated in the taxonomic debate of Megophrys sensu lato.In the present study,Brachytarsophrys is reasonably regarded as a distinct genus based on significant morphological differentiations and recent molecular analyses.Furthermore,a comprehensive review of this genus is performed,with two species groups proposed based on morphological differences and phylogenetic relationships.Particularly,Brachytarsophrys platyparietus is removed as a synonym of Brachytarsophrys carinense and considered a valid species due to significant genetic divergence and distinct morphological differences.In addition,a new species,Brachytarsophrys orientalis sp.nov.,is described based on a series of specimens collected from southeastern China.This work takes the member species of the genus Brachytarsophrys to seven,suggesting that the diversity of Brachytarsophrys is underestimated.In addition,the genus levels of other monophyletic groups within the subfamily Megophryinae are discussed.

Phylogenetic and morphological significance of an overlooked flying squirrel(Pteromyini,Rodentia)from the eastern Himalayas with the description of a new genus

The flying squirrels(Pteromyini,Rodentia)are the most diverse and widely distributed group of gliding mammals.Taxonomic boundaries and relationships within flying squirrels remain an area of active research in mammalogy.The discovery of new specimens of Pteromys(Hylopetes)leonardi Thomas,1921,previously considered a synonym of Hylopetes alboniger,in Yunnan Province,China allowed a morphological and genetic reassessment of the status of this taxon.Phylogenetic reconstruction was implemented using sequences of two mitochondrial(12S ribosomal RNA and 16S ribosomal RNA)and one nuclear(interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein)gene fragments.Morphological assessments involved examinations of features preserved on skins,skulls,and penises of museum specimens,supplemented with principal component analysis of craniometric data.Together these assessments revealed that this taxon should be recognized not only as a distinct species,but should also be placed within a new genus,described here as Priapomys gen.nov.

Latitudinal trends in genus richness of vascular plants in the Eocene and Oligocene of North America

The latitudinal richness gradient is a frequent topic of study on the modern landscape,but its history in deep time is much less well known.Here,we preliminarily evaluated the paleolatitudinal richness gradient of vascular plants for the Eocene(56-33.9 million years ago) and Oligocene(33.9-23 million years ago) epochs of North America north of IVlexico using 201 fossil floras.We calculated the direction and shape of the gradient using quadratic regression to detect linear and curvilinear trends.We performed regressions for the Eocene and Oligocene as well as for informal time intervals within the Eocene:early,middle,and middle + late.We found that quadratic models better explain the data than linear models for both epochs as well as for the early Eocene.A roughly linear trend in the middle and middle + late intervals may reflect limited sampling of high latitude floras for those times.The curvilinear relationship was weak for the Eocene and the model showed a peak in richness at 45.5°N.The curvilinear relationship was much stronger for the Oligocene and the peak occurred at 48.5°N.In the Eocene,the mid-latitude peak in richness may be explained by mean annual temperature,which was probably higher at some mid-latitudes than at lower ones.For the Oligocene,the peak in richness at midlatitudes may be explained by evolutionary diversification within the temperate zone or by increased aridity at low latitudes.We also assessed the latitudinal richness gradient of genera within modern floras in North America north of Mexico and we found a weak,curvilinear trend with a peak in richness at 31.5°N.Our results suggest that the latitudinal genus richness gradient of vascular plants in North America continued to develop into its modern structure following the Oligocene.

Studies on Genus Cryptomonas from China seas

Six species of Genus Cryptomonas from the East and South China Seas are reported. C.varibilis H.J.Hu et L.P.Wu, C.zhanjiangensis H.J.Hu et L.P.Wu and C.zhejiangensis H.J.Hu et Y.G.Li are described as new. C.profunda Butcher, C.pseudobaltica Butcher and C.chrysoides Butcher are reported as new record.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FIVE FRESHWATER MUSSELS IN GENUS ANODONTA (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA) REVEALED BY RAPD ANALYSIS

Unionidae are an important group of benthic freshwater species. Due to the convergence phenomenon within freshwater mussels, there is still much controversy in the classification of Chinese Unionidae. In China, most studies on freshwater mussels emphasized resource investigation, biology and morphology, while little has been done in genetics, and particularly not in population genetic structure as well as genetic diversity. In order to further understand the status of genetic diversity of different species, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to detect genetic diversity of populations in five species of the genus Anodonta: Anodonta arcaeformis, A. arcaeformis flavotincta, A. fluminea, A. woodiana woodiana and A. w.pacifica. DNA extraction method was based on phenol-chloroform and extracted genomic DNA from the adductor muscle and mantle tissues. Sixteen random primers were used for RAPD amplification and the polymorphism of amplified loci were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the percentage of amplified polymorphic loci for various populations ranged from 34.5% to 62.8%, the mean Shannon’s genetic diversity indices ranged from 0.2021 to 0.3552, and the mean intra-population Nei’s genetic distance ranged from 0.1386 to 0.1713. In all populations of the five species, the genetic diversity for A. arcaeformis was the largest, and that of A. fluminea was the lowest. The inter-population genetic distance between A. w. woodiana and A. w. pacifica was 0.3186, so they can be considered as two sister species at the genetic angle.

Protoraphis Simonsen, a newly recorded marine epizoic diatom genus for China

Epizoic diatoms on marine copepods are common in nature and may have a special ecological relationship with their hosts.However,this special ecological group is not well known,and it has only rarely been studied in the China seas.To address this knowledge gap,the species diversity and classification of epizoic diatoms on planktonic copepods were studied with samples collected from the East China Sea.In the present study,a marine araphid diatom genus Protoraphis and its type species,Pr.hustedtiana,were observed and identified by light and electron microscopy,thus representing the first record of this genus and its type species in China.This genus is characterized by a median sternum strongly bent to opposite sides and terminate in two transapical grooves at the valve ends.Protoraphis hustedtiana was found to be epizoic on the posterior body appendages and segments of the marine calanoid copepod Candacia bradyi.An internal view shows a complex,ear-shaped process that is close to the apical slit field.The ecological habitats and geographical distributions of Protoraphis were also discussed,and,together with complementary morphological studies,our results have increased the number of records for marine epizoic diatoms to three genera with three species in China,including Pseudohimantidium and Pseudofalcula.

Parahellenia,a new genus segregated from Hellenia(Costaceae)based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence

Previous studies recognized three major lineages of the family Costaceae:a South American clade,an Asian clade and a Costus clade.However,the genus Hellenia within the Asian clade has been shown to be non-monophyletic and its morphology has not been studied carefully.Therefore,the complete plastid genomes of Hellenia species were obtained and the monophyly of Hellenia was tested through four different datasets in this study.Plastid phylogenomic analyses of Costaceae revealed that Hellenia is strongly supported as paraphyletic.Two major clades are recovered,namely the Hellenia s.s.subclade and the Parahellenia subclade.Phylogenetic analyses based on an enlarged taxon sampling of the Asian clade using a two chloroplast markers dataset(trnK intron and trnL-F spacer)confirmed the paraphyly of Hellenia.Meanwhile,morphological analyses suggested that members of the Parahellenia subclade differ from the remaining Hellenia species in many characters including inflorescences,bracts,stigma,axillary buds,floral tubes and labellum.According to the present molecular and morphological evidence,the latter subclade is recognized as a new genus,Parahellenia.Two new species are described,four new combinations are made,and identification keys are also provided.

Phylogenetic Relationships in the Genus <i>Spiraea</i>(Rosaceae) Inferred from the Chloroplast DNA Region, <i>trn</i>L-<i>trn</i>F

The 26 taxa of genus Spiraea (Rosaceae) in 14 Korean taxa and four taxa of them doubled in the world itself were collected and investigated phylogenetic relationships within these taxa using the chloroplast trnL-trnF region. Sequence variation within the genus Spiraea was mostly due to insertion/deletion. Total alignment sequence of trnL-trnF region in genus Spiraea was 1004 positions, of which 126 were parsimony-informative, 149 variable, 23 singleton, and 847 constant characters. The base furtherance did not show a significant difference among total taxa. Although many taxa of genus Spiraea were well separated each other, many branches were not congruent with the taxon positions with botanical names. In addition, sequences of the chloroplast trnL-trnF region for same species are different from each other according to authors. The taxonomic identification of genus Spiraea are in need of revision.

STUDIES ON CLASSIFICATION OF THE GENUS MAUR YA FROM CHINA (Homoptera: Membracidae)

In the present paper, the history of the research on classification of the genus Maurya Distant is recalled and 11 species from China belonging to it are noted. Of them, 7 are new to science. Type specimens are kept in the Entomological Museumof Northwestern Agricultural University, expect those whose depositions are noticed.

Taxonomic Revision of the Genus <i>Pistacia</i>L. (Anacardiaceae)

Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance whose value has increased over the last two decades reaching an annual value of about $2 billion (harvested crop). The taxonomic relationships among its species are controversial and not well under- stood due to the fact that they have no genetic barriers. The taxonomy of this genus is revised in detail through our re- search. It includes the following taxa: Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. chinensis Bunge subsp. chinensis, P. chinensis subsp. falcata (Bess. ex Martinelli) Rech. f., P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J.L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. f., P. eurycarpa Yalt., P. khinjuk Stocks, P. lentiscus L. subsp. lentiscus, P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir, P. mexicana Humb., Bonpl., & Kunth, P. X saportae Burnat, P. terebinthus L., P. vera L., and P. weinmannifolia Poiss. ex Franch. The genus is divided into two sections: section Pistacia and section Lentiscella. A key to the 14 taxa that have been recognized by this study is included. The new combination P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir is made, and the names P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. F., P. terebinthus L., and P. vera L. are lectotypified.

On two new species of the genus Leptomias Faust from Kashmir (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Brachyderinae)

Marshall (1916) referred 26 species to genus Leptomias Fst.and .put generic names Heteromias Fst., Parisomias Fst. and Piazomias Lacd. (part) as its synonyms. Gunther and Zumpt (1933) added Cneorrhinus Redtenb.also in the list of synonyms of Leptomias st.Later on, Aslam (1961) revalidated Parisomias Fst.reshuffled the position of a few species and described a number of new species under the restricted Leptomias Fst.Accordingiy, as many as 32 species were referred to the genus Leptomias Fst.

Diversity and abundance of mangrove fiddle crabs, genus Uca(Decapoda, Ocypodidae) at a mangrove in Kema,North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mangrove ecosystems are sites with high biodiversity of benthic fauna, and fiddler crabs(genus Uca) are common benthic fauna in mangroves. The North Sulawesi in Indonesia has a good condition of mangrove while the information of the fiddler crabs is still limited. Manual samplings were conducted in wet, dry and transient seasons at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi to investigate the species composition, density and distribution pattern of fiddler crabs. A total of 168 individuals, subjected to eight species of genus Uca crabs were collected at the mangrove, with U. triangularis having the highest abundance and U. annulipes having the lowest abundance.The densities of fiddle crabs were 27.56 ind./m^2, 32.89 ind./m^2 and 14.22 ind./m^2 at the seaward, middle and landward zones, respectively, and the density was higher in dry and wet seasons than in transient season.

GENUS FIELDS， CONDUCTORS AND RELATIVE INTEGRAL BASES FOR ABELIAN FUNCTION FIELDS

ＧＥＮＵＳＦＩＥＬＤＳ，ＣＯＮＤＵＣＴＯＲＳＡＮＤＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＥＩＮＴＥＧＲＡＬＢＡＳＥＳＦＯＲＡＢＥＬＩＡＮＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＦＩＥＬＤＳ赵健强￥ＺｈａｏＪｉａｎｑｉａｎｇ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＭａｔｈ．，Ｕｎｉｖ．ｏｆＳｃｉ．＆Ｔｅｃｈ．ｏｆＣｈｉｎａ...

PIXE ANALYSIS OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN GENUS HIPPOPHAE L

Trace elements in four kinds of the Genus Hippophae L pulps were analysed byPIXE. Optimization of the system performance was done by carefully selecting the absorbers, Analytical sensitivities of the PIXE system were obtained by means of "external standard method".