Study on Functions and Countermeasures of Disaster Prevention and Reduction of Urban Green Land

From the advanced experiences at home and abroad,according to the requirements of emergency evacuation at earthquake disaster,then strategies and methods to disaster prevention and reduction functions of urban green land construction were put forward.

Overview on Mangrove Forest Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Functions

This paper provides a comprehensive overview on coastal protection and hazard mitigation by mangroves.Previous stud-ies have made great strides to understand the mechanisms and influencing factors of mangroves’protection function,including wave energy dissipation,storm surge damping,tsunami mitigation,adjustment to sea level rise and wind speed reduction,which are sys-tematically summarized in this study.Moreover,the study analyzes the extensive physical models,based on indoor flume experi-ments and numerical models,that consider the interaction between mangroves and hydrodynamics,to help our understanding of mangrove-hydrodynamic interactions.Additionally,quantitative approaches for valuing coastal protection services provided by man-groves,including index-based and process-resolving approaches,are introduced in detail.Finally,we point out the limitations of previous studies,indicating that efforts are still required for obtaining more long-term field observations during extreme weather events,to create more real mangrove models for physical experiments,and to develop numerical models that consider the flexible properties of mangroves to better predict wave propagation in mangroves having complex morphology and structures.

Effect Analysis of "One Prevention Double Reduction" of Aerial Control in Corn Fields in Daiyue District, Tai’an City

The main technical content of full mechanized corn production in Daiyue District is explained,and the problems of disease and insect pest control in the middle and late growth stage of corn in full mechanized production are analyzed."One prevention double reduction"of corn performed by unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and self-propelled sprayer is compared and analyzed,and some suggestions are put forward for further popularization and application of full mechanized corn production.

Integrated Disaster Prevention and Reduction for Areas along the Belt and Road during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period:Global Disaster Reduction and Key Issues for Major Areas

Disaster prevention and mitigation,as the greatest common divisor of people s interests in the construction of the Belt and Road,can not only guarantee the safety of Chinese enterprises going abroad and China s foreign investment but also promote the sustainable development in countries and regions along the route,which is conducive to the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.On the eve of China s disaster prevention and reduction plan during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,this paper studies the key issues in integrated disaster prevention and reduction for major areas along the Belt and Road.First of all,it analyzes the importance and urgency of integrated disaster prevention and mitigation for areas along the Belt and Road.Secondly,from a global perspective,it analyzes the measures for the construction and innovation of disaster prevention and reduction technical system,the key issues in the disaster risk management and the focuses of disaster prevention and reduction international cooperation mechanism along the Belt and Road.At last,from the strategic level,it analyzes systematically the major areas and key fields for research and practice of integrated disaster prevention and reduction along the Belt and Road,including research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction of Silk Road Economic Belt,research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction of Maritime Silk Road,research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction in the construction of major protects,research and practice on disaster prevention and reduction in the construction of the six economic corridors,research and practice on the construction of disaster prevention and reduction information platform and research and practice on the building of cross-border and cross-regional rescue capability.

Status quo and Existing Problems of Seismic Prevention Planning in Counties and Districts——a Case Study of Hongsibao District, Wuzhong City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

This paper introduced domestic and overseas status, the historical evolution and the development history of earthquake disaster reduction planning. The urgencies and realistic significance were analyzed to carry out earthquake disaster reduction planning for districts or countries in the northwest. With Hongsibao District in Wuzhong City, Ningxia Province as an example, this article analyzed in detail the present situation and the special problems of earthquake disaster reduction planning in Northwest China. The relevant solving measures were put forward in order to offer a reference for the scientific establishment and effective implementation of earth- quake disaster reduction planning in Northwest China. The foundation of earthquake disaster reduction in the Hongsibao District is still very weak, there is a single earthquake monitoring means, the emergency rescue system is not complete, the working mechanism is not perfect, and the lack of funding for the work of earthquake disaster reduction.

Maintenance decision-making method for manufacturing system based on cost and arithmetic reduction of intensity model

A cost-based selective maintenance decision-making method was presented.The purpose of this method was to find an optimal choice of maintenance actions to be performed on a selected group of machines for manufacturing systems.The arithmetic reduction of intensity model was introduced to describe the influence on machine failure intensity by different maintenance actions (preventive maintenance,minimal repair and overhaul).In the meantime,a resolution algorithm combining the greedy heuristic rules with genetic algorithm was provided.Finally,a case study of the maintenance decision-making problem of automobile workshop was given.Furthermore,the case study demonstrates the practicability of this method.

RESEARCH ON SYSTEM OF FLOOD DISASTER CONTROL AND REDUCTION SUPPORTED BY GIS IN MEDIUM AND SMALL BASINS

Southeast China coastal areas belong to subtropical monsoon climatic zone, thus easily affected by floods resulted from typhoons and rainstorms. Since the areas of river basins are small, rivers flood regulation capacities are low, and therefore flood hazard is grave. In this paper, taking the Yongjiang basin in southeast China as an example, the approaches and methods of geographic information system(GIS) applied to flood disaster control and reduction research on small basin are explored. On GIS help the rainfall runoff calculation model and the river channel flood routing model are developed. And the evaluating flood submerged area and the damage assessment models are built supported by digit elevation models. Lastly the decision support system on GIS supported for flood control in research basin has been set up. This greatly improves flood proofing decision making capacities in river basin, and provides valuable information and a mode for flood prevention and reduction in the medium and small basin. Meanwhile, the research indicates that technologies of GIS provide a powerful tool for flood disaster control.

Spatiotemporal change of beneficiary area from wind erosion prevention service in the Ulan Buh Desert in 2008 and 2018

The Ulan Buh Desert is one of the eight deserts in China that provides wind erosion prevention service(i.e.,the ecosystem;vegetation,production,and construction activities that promote sand fixation).It is significant for the construction of the national ecological barrier,and the protection of the ecological security in the Yellow River and North China.In this study,we selected two representative years(2008 and 2018)and quantified wind erosion prevention service from the Ulan Buh Desert using the RWEQ model.Meanwhile,the HYSPLIT model was used to simulate the spatial flow process from the service supply area to the beneficiary area and to determine its scope.The specific dust reduction amount in the beneficiary area was then calculated.The energy and the time-space relation of wind erosion prevention service in the areas that receive benefits from Ulan Buh Desert were compared before and after implementing environmental restoration measures.The results showed that:(1)the total amount of wind erosion prevention in the Ulan Buh Desert in 2018 was 2.12×10^(10)kg,which was 5.17 times higher than that in 2008;(2)in 2018,the distribution density of the flow path of wind erosion prevention service was lower than that in 2008,and the flow paths in each year were concentrated in the beneficiary areas with the path distribution frequency of less than 10%;(3)the total dust reduction in the downwind area of the Ulan Buh Desert in 2018 was higher than that in 2008,totaling 15.54 million tons.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shanxi Province had the most significant amount of dust reduction.

Grey Hole Attack Detection and Prevention Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)gained wide attention in the past decade,thanks to its attractive features likeflexibility,monitoring capability,and scalability.It overcomes the crucial problems experienced in network man-agement and facilitates the development of diverse network architectures.The existence of dynamic and adaptive routing features facilitate the quick formation of such networks.Butflexible architecture also makes it highly vulnerable to dif-ferent sorts of attacks,for instance,Denial of Service(DoS).Grey Hole Attack(GHA)is the most crucial attack types since it creates a heavy impact upon the components of WSN and eventually degrades the performance of network.In cur-rent study,a simple attack detection,prevention and reduction approach is pro-posed.This is to secure the WSN from GHA and other such attacks by warning and blocking the malicious suspensions and by examining the storage table.Instead of blocking the entire host,the presented approach specifically elim-inates the malicious nodes.Further,in case of no malicious traffic detection,the host gets unblocked.In current study,the researchers simulated the model under MATLAB environment and the outcomes showed an enhanced performance and increased utilization of Central Processing Unit(CPU)and packet delivery ratio.

Effect of mangrove forest on coastal hazards reduction

In recent years,natural disasters in coastal areas have become more frequent due to sea level rise and other impact factors under the scenario of global warming,causing great losses to human society.Mangrove forest,an important shelterbelt in coastal areas,plays an extremely important role in reducing the coastal hazards risk.In this paper,the effects of mangrove ecosystem on coastal hazards reduction are reviewed from the aspects of wind prevention,wave attenuation,sedimentation acceleration,tsunamis mitigation,and provide theoretical support and technical guidance for the protection and cultivation of mangrove forests.

Promoting Health Behavior Change in Canada: A Quality Improvement Project Integrating Prevention and Wellness in Frontline Care

Background: The critical need for Health Behaviour Change (HBC) for preventative care has been highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This quality improvement project assessed the effectiveness and acceptability of Fountain of Health HBC tools as a minimal intervention for primary and secondary prevention among Canadian clinicians and their patients. Methods: Clinicians received HBC education and tools (paper tools and app-based) to assist their patients in setting a S.M.A.R.T (Specific, Measurable, Action-oriented, Realistic, Time-limited) goal at baseline and assessed four weeks later. Primary outcome measures were: 1) patient self-report of success at goal attainment;2) patient self-reported evaluation of change in well-being and health attitudes;and 3) clinician experience and engagement. Results: A total of 2184 clinicians received HBC education. Of these, 759 clinicians registered to participate in the project. 961 patients set S.M.A.R.T. HBC goals using either the paper tools (PT) or the app format. Patient data revealed nearly all patients (89% of PT users and 90% of app users) at least partially succeeded in attaining their goal at a four-week follow-up. Most patients (85% of PT and 80% of app users) also reported improvement in their well-being. A significant difference in health beliefs and attitudes was found in both PT (p < 0.001) and app users (p = 0.003). Conclusions: HBC is challenging. Educating and providing clinicians with HBC tools as a minimal intervention was found to be a successful health prevention strategy to improve patient well-being and health attitudes, and achieve S.M.A.R.T. goals. Results show HBC tools, education, and support for clinicians are both acceptable and effective for HBC in frontline care. These findings are relevant and timely given greater reliance on virtual care in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research with rigorous methodology is needed to implement programs to achieve sustainable HBC to promote health on a large scale.

Hourly Rounding and Fall Prevention among the Elderly in Long Term Care: A change Process

Long term care facilities have a rising rate of falls and fall related injuries with increasing cost and more hospitalization.Hourly rounding®is an evidenced based intervention that is proactive for nursing staff to be able to identify patient’s needs.This helps with positive fall prevention out­come.This project focused on process improvement efforts for 10 weeks and examining the education and implementation of an evidenced-based hourly rounding program that assisted in reducing the number of falls in the pilot unit.The implementation of the intervention took place in a long-term care facility located in Dallas,Georgia.The hourly rounding tools used in this project were the Studer Group hourly rounding log and competency checklist with permission.Twenty staff members were in­cluded in the sample,age 18 years and 60 years.The unit has 41 residents who were included in the pilot case study design.Staff members were first educated regarding hourly rounding and documentation on the hourly rounding log was done two days before implementation and the pre and post fall rate was retrieved from the facilities fall database.Competency checklist was completed prior to implementation and post implementa­tion to evaluate staff understanding of the main tenets of the 4 P’s(potty,pain,possession,and position).For this project,descriptive statistics was used to help determine fall rates.Minitab was used to analyzed data and to determine if it was clinically significant.In the ten weeks following the hourly rounding implementation,participants performed hourly rounding by incorporating it to each resident’s daily routine and documented their rounds on the log sheet.The results indicated that it is statistically signifi­cant and with a P-values=-<0.0001 and t-value=-5.81.

从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴:我国职业教育助力教育强国建设的实践路径

职业教育从系统参与脱贫攻坚到有效衔接乡村振兴的梯次推进过程,反映出职业教育始终以服务高质量发展为导向助力教育强国建设的实践逻辑。教育强国的实现需要乡村教育高质量发展。我国职业教育脱贫攻坚的成功实践,不仅为乡村振兴奠定了基础,同时也是教育强国建设的基本保障。脱贫攻坚胜利之后,职业教育应进一步巩固成果并遵循服务高质量发展的价值逻辑,凸显出职业教育对乡村现代化建设的战略支撑作用。乡村是职业教育助力强国建设的重要场域。职业教育促进乡村振兴是教育服务强国建设、助力构建高质量发展新格局的内在要求。职业教育应采取系统性的措施,巩固职业教育脱贫成果,形成教育返贫防控常态化机制;增强职业教育适应性,满足乡村社会发展的人才需求;嵌入城乡融合发展大局,构筑共建共享的协同发展生态;参与乡村文化生态治理,促进乡土文化繁荣发展。

河南郑州市防洪“五预”系统建设及应用

当前大数据、云计算、数字孪生等新兴技术在防洪工作中的应用,极大提高了洪水预报预警能力,为新时代防汛减灾提供了新的思路。为响应河南省政府防洪“五预”(预报、预判、预警、预案、预演)措施建设的号召,落实郑州市委、市政府“7·20”特大暴雨灾害调查报告整改和灾后重建工作专题会上的指示精神,针对郑州市河流众多、水系复杂的特点,开展郑州市防洪“五预”系统建设。基于“五预”理念,从监测感知和支撑平台方面梳理了郑州市防洪“五预”系统的总体架构,介绍了防洪预报、预判、预警、预演、预案“五预”模块的主要功能。该系统的建成对提高郑州市灾害预防和预警能力、增强郑州市对突发性洪水灾害的反应能力、有效降低灾害损失、保障社会经济正常运行和社会安定有重要意义,也为大型城市智慧水利建设提供了参考和借鉴。

四川泸定M_(s)6.8地震房屋震害及人员死亡特征分析

在收集整理四川泸定M_(s)6.8地震现场调查资料的基础上,对比九寨沟M_(s)7.0地震,分析房屋震害特征和人员伤亡情况。结果表明,相较九寨沟地震,四川泸定M_(s)6.8地震灾区房屋震害更为严重,遇难人数更多,主要原因是房屋抗震能力不足、选址不合理以及地质灾害较为发育等。灾区房屋结构类型主要有钢混结构、砖混结构、穿斗木结构、石木结构、砖木结构、土木结构等6类。对房屋平均震害指数和易损性曲线的分析表明,未设防的砖混结构、简易结构房屋抗震能力弱,震害比其他结构房屋严重;而人员死亡主要由地震地质灾害造成,集中在高烈度区和地质灾害易发区,死亡人员以中老年为主,人员死亡率与地震烈度、人口密度有明显相关性。灾区房屋破坏及人员伤亡具有高山峡谷地区的震害特征。本文的研究结果可为进一步研究该类地区的地震灾害风险研究提供参考。

城市生态防减灾中人工智能技术应用的进展与逻辑框架

在全球气候变化影响下,传统工程防灾难以解决自然灾害风险的不确定性问题。生态防减灾(Eco-DRR)作为国际韧性城市的前沿理论,对我国韧性城市发展有重要参考价值,人工智能(AI)技术可以很好地解决城市生态防减灾的不确定性问题,然而当前Eco-DRR理论研究与AI技术的实践应用存在断层。该文使用PRISMA2020框架调查城市Eco-DRR中AI技术应用的实践案例,通过质性研究总结城市Eco-DRR中AI技术的应用场景,从生态系统灾害调节服务评估、自然灾害风险评估、Eco-DRR方案决策以及Eco-DRR实施监测与后评估4个阶段剖析城市Eco-DRR中AI技术应用的典型案例。最后基于案例研究提出城市Eco-DRR领域AI技术应用的逻辑框架,总结其在应用过程中工具选择和数据准备的实践经验,探讨城市防灾中Eco-DRR的智能实现途径,为我国城市综合防灾和韧性城市建设提供借鉴。

城市避难场所防震减灾韧性评价体系研究——以上海市区为例

为增强城市的防震减灾能力,韧性理念提供了一种新的解决思路。从避难场所韧性的吸收能力、恢复能力和适应能力出发,选取24个指标构建避难场所的防震减灾韧性评价指标体系,并以地处我国南方港口且经济发达的上海市为例,分析市区31个避难场所的防震减灾韧性水平。结果表明:上海市区的避难场所大部分处于中等韧性水平,该评价体系可以有效发现避难场所应对地震灾害时存在的薄弱之处,从而提出针对性的措施,可以为我国城市避难场所的韧性规划提供借鉴。

河套灌区农业高效节水与面源污染防控技术

针对河套灌区水资源短缺、农业面源污染严重等问题,从不同空间尺度和治理环节入手开展灌区农业高效节水与面源污染源头防控技术研究。研发了针对污染源头的农田水肥盐药调控管理技术模式(包括除草剂残留研究与用量推荐、土壤水氮盐和作物生长对水肥管理的响应、减量膜上秋浇技术及次生盐渍化土壤微生物改良技术)、针对农田排水的富氧生态沟渠截污净化技术模式和区域尺度的面源污染空间解析识别技术,并集成构建了贯穿源头控污—过程削污—区域查污—系统调污的高效节水型农业面源污染防控技术体系。基于现状研究和新发展理念提出了河套灌区水土资源领域研究的几点认识,相关成果为河套灌区高质量发展提供了重要支撑,对同类型灌区具有重要借鉴意义。

菠萝“一肥二防三减”优质高效种植模式

针对菠萝生产中种植成本高、品质差等问题,在多年菠萝种植技术研究与推广的基础上,集成了菠萝“一肥二防三减”优质高效种植模式。该种植模式已在实际生产中推广应用,能够有效降低菠萝生产成本,提高菠萝果实品质,显著降低黑心病、水菠萝的发生率,对于促进菠萝产业高质量发展具有积极意义。

广东电网遭台风泰利侵袭的输配电设备受损分析及评估

近年来致灾台风频率呈增加趋势,以2023年影响广东电网约百万用户的第4号台风“泰利”为例,分析广东电网遭台风侵袭受灾情况,建立输配电杆塔受损预测模型,识别关键特征变量与因素,为电网防灾减灾提供支持。首先,分析台风“泰利”气象特征,具有“台前对流活跃,风力强度大,降水范围广”等特点,对输配电设备均产生一定程度破坏。其次,利用随机森林、支持向量机、梯度决策树、神经网络等4种机器学习算法建立输配电杆塔受损预测模型,并对比部分算法针对不平衡样本优化前后模型表现。算例表明,随机森林优化后提升最大,综合考虑时间指标及预测质量指标,梯度决策树为最优算法。最后,基于shapley additive explanations法等对最优模型解释性进行评估,分析表明最大风速、温度、杆塔数量等对预测结果有显著影响。所得结论有助于深入理解台风对广东电网的影响机制,为提升区域电网抵御复杂自然灾害能力提供参考。