Spatial distribution of cutaneous anthrax in western Iran from 2009 to 2016:Geographic information system mapping for predicting risk of anthrax outbreaks

Objective:To explore the spatial accumulation of diseases andtheir aggravating factors are essential in all public health.This study attempts to use geographic information system(GIS)to provide more information about the incidence and future of anthrax.Methods:Patients were diagnosed with anthrax in Kurdistan Province from 2009 to 2016.Data was then exported into ArcGIS software version 9 and the required layers for years and areas were added.Final map for each year was drawn up,pointing out the hot spots and predicting its future pattern.Results:Most cases were reported in females(57 cases,54.80%),and the lower body limbs were most affected(63 cases,60.57%).The highest numbers of incidences were related to the cities of Marivan,Saqez and Divandareh,with more concentration in the central parts of the province,rather than borderline areas.The highest percentage of the probable incidence of the disease was in Sanandaj(57.74%)with a potential susceptible area of 1729.12 km2 and then in Saqez(54.36%)with a potential area of 2422.4 km2.Conclusions:A vast area of Kurdistan Province is high risk for new cases of anthrax.Therefore,it is important to scale up the surveillance system in the province.

Site Suitability Evaluation for Sustainable Distribution of Hospital Using Spatial Information Technologies and AHP: A Case Study of Upper Egypt, Aswan City

Site selection for location of a hospital is one of the crucial policy-related decisions taken by the government. In upper Egypt, the cities suffer from a shortage and bad distribution of hospital site. The selection of the appropriate hospital site requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and evaluation factor. We develop a Multi-Criteria Decision Support System (MCDSS) process that combines Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and use this process to determine the optimum site for a new hospital in the Aswan urban area. Based on actual conditions Aswan city, we used three main factors and seven sub-factors. The main factors are urban, environmental and economic factors. An application adopting AHP process was developed to calculate weights of every factor. Spatial analysis in GIS was used to overlay and generate factors maps and suitability evaluation map. All maps are classified from 1 (low suitable) to 5 (high suitable) using spatial information technologies. The candidate sites are divided by best, good and unsuitable hospital areas. Best hospital site represents optimal sites;good hospital site can be used as back-up candidate sites. The study was found that best area (S3) is about 30%, and most of these are located in the south part of the study area;good area (S2) is about 58%, and most of these are located in the central part of the study area;unsuitable area (S1) is about 12%, and most of these are located in the Eastern and Western parts of the study area. Finally, the study ends with an assessment of proposed sites.

Water Runoff Estimation Using Geographical Information System (GIS) for Alrakhmah Basin Valley Northeast of Iraq

The lack of water resources in many regions is the main challenge for the human being and to extended investigations. Water resources controlling and management is essential in the areas depending on the seasonal rainfall. This research aims to estimate the surface water runoff for Basin of Alrakhmah Valley located in the southwestern part of Kirkuk Province in northeastern of Iraq. Analyzing of Spatial data and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data has been conducted using Geographic Information System (GIS) to estimate the hydrological properties for the watershed valley with 158.5 km2 surface area. The results showed that watershed valley type is from the fifth rank with a longitudinal shape and topography percentage of 0.568. The watershed textures found to be 3.24 and the drain density 1.5 at 3.49 river branching. Finally, the annual estimated surface water retreat according to the morpho-hydro climatic elements found to be 0.01286233 milliard cubic meter.

Spatial Estimation of Rainfall Distribution and Its Classification in Duhok Governorate Using GIS

Rainfall is a significant portion of hydrologic data. Rainfall records, however, are often incomplete due to several factors. In this study, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method integrated with GIS is used to estimate the rainfall distribution in Duhok Governorate. A total of 25 rain fall stations and rainfall data between 2000 and 2010 were used, where 6 rainfall stations were used for cross-validation. In addition, the relationship between interpolation accuracy and two critical parameters of IDW (Power α value, and a radius of influence) was evaluated. Also, the rainfall distribution of Duhok Governorate was classified. As an output of this study and in most cases, the optimal parameters for IDW in interpolating rainfall data must have a radius of influence up to (15 - 60 km). However, the optimal α values varied between 1 and 5. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that the IDW is an appropriate method of spatial interpolation to predict the probable rainfall data in Duhok Governorate using α = 1 and search radius = 105 km for all the 25 rainfall stations.

基于GIS的土壤墒情信息采集与监测系统

文章详细描述一个由微控制器建立的农田土壤墒情监测系统,该系统主要包括STM8S系列微控制器、土壤湿度传感器、DS18B20温度传感器、4G网络模块、北斗导航模块以及环境传感器等部分,能够实时收集农田土壤和空气的温湿度以及大气压力数据。该系统通过网络模块将收集的传感器信息传输至服务器,并用北斗系统对采集地点进行卫星定位。通过GIS软件,系统能实时追踪土壤湿度状况,并构造出土壤墒情的空间分布图。农户可通过手机APP实时查看土壤墒情信息,并通过APP的数据分析来确定农田的供给情况,并做出反应。经过实际测试,该系统操作简洁、性能稳定,可以帮助农户管理农田。

基于GIS格网模型的广州市土地生态安全格局演化

以公里格网为评价单元,构建基于PSR-NES(压力-状态-响应和经济-环境-社会)模型的土地生态安全测度指标体系,运用突变级数法动态识别2010—2020年广州市土地生态安全格局。结果表明:广州土地生态安全水平空间异质性较为明显,整体呈现“中间低,四周高”的分布格局;2010—2020年,广州市土地生态安全水平先下降后提高,其中,北部生态涵养区土地生态安全水平呈下降趋势,南部生态调节区土地生态安全状况逐渐好转,中部建成区土地生态安全状况不容乐观。未来城镇扩张应尽量避免侵占土地生态安全水平较高的区域,可通过分区治理,科学布局生产、生活、生态空间,优化产业结构,加强生态用地保护力度等措施持续改善土地生态安全状况。

基于GIS的地下水质疏水性污染地理空间分布研究

地下水质疏水性污染涉及多种污染物,如重金属、有机物和微生物等,其迁移、转化和积累过程具有复杂性和多样性。为了制定地下水治理策略,提出基于GIS的地下水质疏水性污染地理空间分布研究方法。介绍研究区域以及土壤和地下水的采样测定方法;建立疏水性污染物的迁移模型,获得水性污染特征,并采用GIS技术绘制疏水性污染元素的地理空间分布图;结合单因子污染指数与潜在生态风险指数分析风险分布特征,完成污染地理空间分布研究。结果表明,研究区域内富集了多种疏水性重金属,主要以Zn和Cu为主,疏水性污染重金属的空间分布较为相似。

GIS在城镇燃气管网中的关键技术及应用

燃气是人们生产和生活中不可或缺的要素,而燃气输配运行过程中燃气管网在燃气系统的设计、建设和维护中扮演着至关重要的角色。城镇燃气的高速发展,对燃气管网的运行管理提出了更高的要求,对精细化、科学化、规范化管理需求也不断提升。为满足这些需求,地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)在城镇燃气地下管网中得到了广泛应用。运用空间数据转换处理系统FME(Feature Manipulate Engine)进行数据建库和数据转换,ArcMAP用于燃气管道设施空间数据处理,GeoPandas结合Sklearn程序包实现巡检网格制作及动态分析可实现地下燃气管道的精细化巡检,进一步提升输配管道设施的运行管理水平,降低事故发生,提高管网运行效率和安全性。

基于ArcGIS的湖北地震监测台站空间分布特征研究

基于ArcGIS平台,通过湖北地震监测台站分布与行政区划、活动断裂带、地震动峰值加速度区划之间的空间关系,定量研究湖北地震监测台站的空间分布特征。研究表明,在湖北部分地市存在地震监测空白或薄弱区域;超50%的地球物理监测台站和约三分之一的测震台站在距活动断裂10 km的范围内;所有地震台站均位于地震烈度Ⅵ级以上区域。

GIS电子地图在配电网电力抢修智能调度中的运用分析

随着科技的不断发展和智能化技术的应用,地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)电子地图在配电网电力抢修智能调度中发挥着越来越重要的作用。GIS技术通过将空间数据和属性数据相结合,实现对地理空间信息的有效管理、分析及展示,为配电网电力抢修提供了全新的解决方案。基于此,分析GIS电子地图在配电网电力抢修智能调度中的运用价值,探讨GIS电子地图在配电网电力抢修智能调度中的具体运用,以供参考。

The application of geographic information technology to coastal geomorphology

With the development of modern oceanic observation technologies, coastal survey data have been experiencing a substantial growth. The integration management of the data from different disciplines, different sources and different formats has become a major research field in coastal geomorphology by using Geographic Information System （GIS）. This paper puts forward a new methodology framework of GIS techniques in coastal ocean geomorphology, including data acquisition, process, analysis, and representation. It focuses on some major GIS techniques to study the land-ocean interaction mechanism, such as spatial analysis, submarine topography model and three-dimension （3D） visualization, and apply its result to coastal urban planning, harbor site selection and geomorphology environment about coral reef and islands on the continental shelf. The case studies cover the whole coastal ocean to serve the social community, economical development and diplomatic rights for decision-making all round in the coastal zone. The research shows clearly that the application of coastal multi-source geospatial platform has changed the traditional coastal geomorphology science dramatically from its research scope, fields and methods, however, as made clear in this paper, extracting accurate information from remote sensing data and GIS databases for coastal geomorphological applications is a nontrivial challenge that requires the combined knowledge and skills of information scientists and geomorphologists.

TThe Geographic Information Grid System Based on Mobile Agent

We analyze the deficiencies of current application systems, and discuss the key requirements of distributed Geographie Information serviee （GIS）, We construct the distributed GIS on grid platform. Considering the flexibility and efficiency, we integrate the mobile agent technology into the system. We propose a new prototype system, the Geographic Information Grid System （GIGS） based on mobile agent. This system has flexible services and high performance, and improves the sharing of distributed resources. The service strategy of the system and the examples are also presented.

基于GIS的盗窃犯罪稳定时空热点和环境要素分析

以长沙市某区为实证研究案例,运用地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析和新兴时空分析法研究盗窃犯罪在空间及时空结合的三维角度下的分异格局和环境特征。采用核密度分析法和Dbscan空间聚类分析法直观识别犯罪热点;构建时空立方体模型分析犯罪热点的时空变化特征,剔除短暂存续的“伪热点”,识别出稳定时空犯罪热点。研究表明:研究区域内盗窃犯罪在空间分布上具有显著空间分异特征及空间转移性,犯罪热点集中分布于北部区域,呈现城市中心距离衰减的特点;在时空分布上具有高度集聚性,研究区内仅2.11%的区块中聚集了62.4%的盗窃犯罪;结合稳定时空热点的空间环境特征,可将热点分为商业聚集型、棚户区型及学校周边型,建议犯罪防控应充分考虑城市建成环境中消极因素对犯罪行为的影响。这些研究可为后续犯罪空间影响因素研究奠定基础,也为犯罪的精准防控提供现实依据。

粤港澳大湾区地热异常空间分布特征的GIS分析

粤港澳大湾区地热资源丰富,研究地热异常空间分布特征可为大湾区地热资源潜力评价和勘探开发决策提供科学支撑.基于地理信息系统技术构建了粤港澳大湾区大地热流、花岗岩分布、断裂、布格重力异常、航磁异常和居里面深度等空间数据层,综合分析地热异常与地质和地球物理场特征的空间关联关系,揭示研究区地热异常的空间分布特征.分析结果表明,研究区内大地热流值大于75 mW/m^(2)、燕山期花岗岩边界或内部、与主断裂距离小于3 km、布格重力异常梯度大于1.6 mGal/km、航磁异常值为-5~5 nT及居里面深度小于15 km等区域,与地热异常区的空间关联密切;强地热异常的出现与居里面深度、燕山期花岗岩和主断裂关系最为密切.基于数据层分类,采用证据权重模型和加权信息量模型两种矿产资源预测方法对上述多元信息进行复合分析.研究表明,研究区内燕山期花岗岩分布广泛且岩石热导率较高的低山或丘陵区地区易出现强地热异常,具有这一特征的江门西部、肇庆中部、广州东北部、惠州东北部以及深圳等地的是粤港澳大湾区地热资源高潜力区.

基于RS与GIS的福州新区热环境空间分布特征研究

采用2014—2021年福州新区的地表温度、归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)和土地利用类型等数据,从乡镇单元尺度分析热环境的空间分布情况,并探究植被和土地利用对热环境空间分布的影响。结果表明:2014—2021年福州新区地表温度在空间上有明显的空间自相关性,空间集聚特征显著,新区热岛比例指数(URI)呈现出下降趋势,表明在此期间热岛效应状况总体有所缓解;植被覆盖率(FVC)影响热环境的空间分布,可将福州新区的“热点”划分为FVC、NDVI均较低的乡镇和FVC较高、NDVI较低的乡镇两类;土地利用类型、土地利用程度及周边环境亦影响热环境的空间分布。

Spatial distribution of the oxygen-18 in precipitation in China based on a new empirical model

Modeling the oxygen-18 in precipitation based on regional topography and meteorological factors is helpful to constrain missing isotopic data in some regions that is required for many paleoclimate,eco-hydrological and atmospheric circulation studies.Therefore,the relationship betweenδ18Oin precipitation(δ18OPPT)and the affecting factors need to be thoroughly understood.We present a model considering the combined effects of temperature,altitude,and latitude on the spatial variability of annual average of stable isotopes in precipitation across China.This new model performed significantly better(P<0.05)than the widely used Farquhar and Bowen&Wilkinsonmodels.Our model allows modelling the spatial distribution of isotopes in precipitation depending on temperature variation.The residuals of presented model did not significantly correlate with altitude.Based on the model and residuals,a high-resolution map of annual averageδ18Opptacross China was generated.δ18OPPTdecreased from low toward high latitudes and from low towards high altitudes area.The model application provides important information forancient climate,hydrological cycle and water vapor sources studies.

基于熵值法和GIS的辽宁省城市韧性评价研究

从经济、社会、基础设施和生态环境4个维度构建城市韧性评价指标体系,运用熵值法对2011—2020年辽宁省整体及其14个地级市的城市综合韧性和各子系统韧性水平进行评价,基于GIS(地理信息系统)空间分析法对城市韧性时空差异进行分析。结果表明:近10年辽宁省城市综合韧性持续上升;经济韧性先升后降再升;社会和基础设施韧性不断上升;生态韧性在2016年以后平稳上升。从空间角度看,辽宁省城市韧性呈现出中心边缘差异。最后提出提升辽宁省城市韧性、推动协调发展的对策建议。

GIS技术在国土空间规划中的探索

在国土空间规划领域,为了全面落实国家和地方对信息基础设施建设的要求,同时兼顾国家“放管服”改革需求,应充分运用地理信息(GIS)技术,以国土空间管控数字化、地图可视化为目标,实现“多规合一”及全要素的管控。采用GIS技术,通过国土空间规划全周期二维、三维一体化GIS数据底座和平台建设,让自然资源规划、管理、实施监督、应用全流程更加系统化,推动国土空间规划数字化转型升级,助力国土空间高质量发展。

GIS空间数据模型在矿山地质测绘中的应用

在全国矿山地质测绘技术不断革新的背景之下,各种测绘技术层出不穷,地理信息系统(GIS)在矿山地质测绘中对其空间信息和辅助决策发挥着重要作用,通过不同数据模型建立,能够保证测绘数据的准确性和可靠性。为研究GIS空间数据模型在矿山地质测绘中的应用,本文查阅相关文献,论述了GIS在空间数据模型在矿山地质测绘中的优势,从不同角度阐述其在矿山地质测绘中的应用要点,希望能为行业发展尽绵薄之力。

Application of GIS-Based Spatial Filtering Method for Neural Tube Defects Disease Mapping

This study is to assess the prevalence rates spatial pattern of neural tube defects with geographic information system and spatial filtering technique. A total of 80 infants who diagnosed from neural tube defects in the area being studied between 1998 and 2001 were analyzed. Firstly, the geographic information system （GIS） software ArcGIS was used to map the crude prevalence rates. Secondly, the data were smoothed by the method of spatial filtering. We evaluated that the effect of changes in spatial filtering radius size was assessed by creating maps based on various filtering radius sizes. The 3 miles or larger filtering radius gives better section variability than the 2 and 2.5 miles or smaller ones. The maps produced by the spatial filtering technique indicate that prevalence rates in the villages in the southeastern region are to produce higher prevalence than that in the other regions. The smoothed maps based on Heshun County display a more adequate data representation than the raw prevalence rate map.