Spatial and Dynamic Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development Using Geographic Information System and Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources

Relative carrying capacity of resources is an index to measure sustainable development through carrying capacity. Case studies of eleven cities in Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui) illustrated regional sustainable development approach. In this study, to provide insight into spatial and dynamic analysis of region sustainable development, we calculated the relative carrying capacity of land resources and economical resources and synthetical carrying capacity of resources in different cities in Zhejiang, and geographic information system was carried out. The results showed that all cities but Hangzhou and Ningbo were ecologically sustainable, and relative carrying capacity of land resources in northern and eastern Zhejiang was larger than those in southern and western Zhejiang. The sampling years of Wenzhou, Hangzhou and Ningbo contribution rates of land resource to synthetic carrying capacity were grouped into three stages, and there were two milestones trends and changes in 1996 and 2004, respectively. This study demonstrated that geographic information system and relative carrying capacity of resources are effective for assessment of region sustainable development, and provide policy guidelines for decision-making.

Function Analyses of Geographic Information System on Rural Distribution Network

With the actuality and characteristic and requirement of rural power enterprise distribution network management, this article introduced the function of geographic information system on the framework of distribution network, in order to develop rural distribution network.

Distribution area demarcation for logistic centers under geographical information system decision support system

Demarcating distribution area of goods is often guided by the rule of thumb by business proprietors. However, this method seems to be unsuitable when the demand points increase to a certain large extent. The present work attempted to convert the problem of distribution area demarcation into a localized problem of warehouseing and networking, and tried to establish district-based planning mode based on location based heuristic (LBH). Two methods were used in this study: 1) the manual method to construct the mathematical model and conduct simulation; 2) the automatic method using TransCAD software of geographical information system (GIS) for simulation. By comparing the effects of the two methods, the research provides theoretical support for business proprietors to demarcate the distribution area rationally with the application of GIS system. The results show that GIS has very good graphics construction function to replace complex text, and the automatic demarcating mode with human-machine interaction provides a good business decision-making support.

Design and Key Technology of Gardening Information Management System Based on Data Center

To provide scientific management basis for the garden planning, project construction, maintenance, social service, this paper prompted that the urban gardening administration sectors need to construct gardening information management system. On the basis of fully requirements analysis of gardening sectors, this paper discussed the key technology for system construction. It also proposed to flexibly and smartly build up the system by using the secondary development design environment and running environment based on data center integration development platform. This system greatly helps the daily management and plays very important role in improving urban ecological environment and investment environment.

Soil Resources Information System for Improving Productivity Using Geo-Informatics Technology

Soil surveying and mapping is an important operation, since it plays a key role in the knowledge about soil nutrients, properties and how it can be used for agriculture. This study was carried out in order to map soil chemical properties and macronutrients status in North, Center and South districts zones of Gujarat state. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in this study to present the secondary data of the soil which were obtained from Anand Agriculture University (AAU), Gujarat. The major objective of this study was to analyze & visualize the secondary data of soil through IDW, spatial interpolation techniques for suitable mapping in a selected North, Central and South districts of Gujarat state. Various maps showing spatial distribution of micronutrients and chemical properties for North, Center and South districts zones of Gujarat state were prepared. These digital maps can be used in precision farming studies with the application of fertilizers and micro-nutrients as per the requirement and the recommendations. This approach is proposed as a method for the evaluation of sustainable soil management practices such as variable rate of fertilization. This study demonstrates the usefulness of geo-informatics technology in soil survey as well as applications of various micronutrients to specific areas based on recommendations.

Distributed Estimation and Analysis of Precipitation Recharge Coefficient in Strongly-exploited Beijing Plain Area, China

The precipitation recharge coefficient(PRC), representing the amount of groundwater recharge from precipitation, is an important parameter for groundwater resources evaluation and numerical simulation. It was usually obtained from empirical knowledge and site experiments in the 1980 s. However, the environmental settings have been greatly modified from that time due to land use change and groundwater over-pumping, especially in the Beijing plain area(BPA). This paper aims to estimate and analyze PRC of BPA with the distributed hydrological model and GIS for the year 2011 with similar annual precipitation as long-term mean. It is found that the recharge from vertical(precipitation + irrigation) and precipitation is 291.0 mm/yr and 233.7 mm/yr, respectively, which accounts for 38.6% and 36.6% of corresponding input water. The regional mean PRC is 0.366, which is a little different from the traditional map. However, it has a spatial variation ranging from –7.0% to 17.5% for various sub-regions. Since the vadose zone is now much thicker than the evaporation extinction depth, the land cover is regarded as the major dynamic factor that causes the variation of PRC in this area due to the difference of evapotranspiration rates. It is suggested that the negative impact of reforestation on groundwater quantity within BPA should be well investigated, because the PRC beneath forestland is the smallest among all land cover types.

Mine surveying in information era

With the flourish of Digital Earth and Digital Urban, Digital Mine is also imperative. The most fundamental condition for Digital Mine is mastering multiple spatial and property data. Various drawing materials and property data for mine industry provided by mine surveying workers in our country over the past half century will be the foundation of Digital Mine. The authors believe that the first step of Digital Mine is to develop basic mine geographic information system (for short MGIS), based on which Web Mine Geographic Information System can be set up. Besides when selecting software desk, including system softwares, supporting softwares, tool softwares and other auxiliary softwares, following standard, compatiblity, transplantation and co-operation, the function and efficiency of the selected software environment, as well as the supporting and expansion of adopting new technology should all be considered.

Design a New Model to Evaluate the Ecological Potential Land for Urban Development and Service (City of Zanjan)

This study aimed to design a new ecological model to be used in ecological land evaluation studies, using careful planning and sustainable resource in the region to develop a sustainable and comprehensive guide. The results show that the study area has grade 1 and 2 urban sustainable planning. Capability Grade 1 has area 149,724.25 hectares equal 22.2% that is stretched from East to West Range. Capability Grade2 has area about 18533.28 hectares equal 2.7% that located in the South, East and South-East. The results show that the greater extent of this range is the unsustainable site, which extends over 506,664.81 hectares, equivalent to 75.1% that areas compliance by the Environmental Protection area. Another important result of this study is unsuitable area for urban development and the range of services already seating workshops and industrial units. This is due to the arrival of adverse environmental effects. Therefore, this study has been focusing on reform of the status of land of use and the optimal use of the ecological potential.

甘肃省单体土遗址的时空分布特征

利用地理信息系统空间分析技术,结合工程地质条件和气候因素,研究甘肃省内全国重点文物保护和省级文物保护土遗址的空间分布特征.土遗址主要位于海拔相对较低(<2 000 m)、坡度较缓(<15°)、地形起伏度小(<5 m)、离河流近(<5 km)的平原、台地和丘陵地带.大多数土遗址位于第四纪沉积物沉积区域,区域土壤主要为初育土.河西走廊及以西地区的土遗址处于干旱、半干旱区,东部土遗址处于半湿润区,土遗址所处区域自南至北的气候有显著差异.通过ArcGIS软件的核密度分析发现,甘肃省重点土遗址自西向东分布密度逐渐变大,且整体沿甘肃省的主要水系干流及其支流展开分布.各历史时期的土遗址选址因其功能性而异,主要受地质环境条件的制约,也受社会生产力的影响.

浙江省旅行社空间分布特征及影响因素研究

旅行社影响着旅游产品的空间串联及整合,分析其在特定区域内的分布特征及影响因素对进一步提高旅游业的发展水平、提升旅游经济效益具有重要作用。建立包含2277个旅行社点要素的浙江省旅行社地理信息系统,运用最邻近分析、缓冲区分析、核密度分析等方法,探究浙江省旅行社空间分布特征,并利用多元逐步线性回归方法探索其影响因素。结果表明:浙江省旅行社空间分布存在集聚特征,形成了1个高密度区(杭州),两个次高密度区(宁波、温州)。空间分布特征表现为单核心,带状连片分布,沿海多,内陆少。旅行社表现出以县级居民点为中心的距离衰减规律。常住人口密度、出口总额、第三产业产值、3A级及以上景区密度对旅行社空间分布有显著影响,出口总额为负相关,其他为正相关。

气候变化背景下糙果紫堇在中国适宜分布区的预测

为探究糙果紫堇(Corydalis trachycarpa)的潜在适宜分布区,明确其适宜的生存环境,旨在为糙果紫堇的资源利用和保护提供一定的理论依据。基于糙果紫堇现有的分布位点、气候变量和环境变量数据,利用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件模拟糙果紫堇当前气候条件下(1970—2000年)和未来SSP 245情境模式下4个时期(2021—2040年、2041—2060年、2061—2080年、2081—2100年)在我国的潜在分布区,分析限制其分布的环境因子。结果表明(:1)影响糙果紫堇分布的最主要环境变量分别是海拔(Alt,贡献率60.9%)、温度季节性变化标准差(bio4,贡献率11.1%)、最暖季度降水量(bio18,贡献率9.4%)、降水量变异系数(bio15,贡献率7.0%),这4个变量的累计贡献率高达88.4%;(2)当前气候条件下,MaxEnt模型预测糙果紫堇的潜在分布区总面积约174.94万km^(2),主要分布在青藏高原东部的四川西北部、甘肃南部、西藏东部、云南西北部和青海等地;(3)与当前气候条件下相比,SSP 245情境下未来4个时期糙果紫堇高、中、低适生区面积均有所增加,呈现向云南、西藏东部等低纬度地区扩张的趋势。

GDISD团队动态协作信任演化过程研究

异地分布式信息系统开发(GDISD)团队间协作关系是动态发展的,根据组织间信任演进理论,分析分布式开发团队协作关系的发展过程,构建GDISD团队动态协作信任演进的理论模型。从生态学种群增长的视角,运用logistic方程对GDISD团队协作信任演化进行数理分析,使用Jacobi矩阵对方程改进,通过仿真对演化模型进行模拟分析。研究发现,GDISD团队形成与建立的初期,协作方自身信任度的建立对协作信任的发展具有积极作用,并且对信任度的感知积极影射给对方,会加速GDISD团队协作信任的动态演化。研究结果对于分布式团队的管理具有显著的意义。

基于MaxEnt模型的石柱县马尾松毛虫害风险空间分布估测

【目的】精准掌握重庆市石柱土家族自治县马尾松毛虫害的风险范围,为及时有效地防治虫灾提供有力依据。【方法】选取60个马尾松毛虫分布点的数据,结合该县马尾松区域的地形、气候和人为因子,用MaxEnt模型估测该县的马尾松毛虫害风险。通过环境因子的百分比贡献率、置换重要性和环境因子响应曲线,探讨该县马尾松毛虫适宜生境条件。利用该模型的“训练遗漏、预测面积和阈值达到平衡”的阈值和“阈值熵与原始分布熵相等”的阈值对风险区进行风险分级,将该区域的马尾松毛虫害风险等级划分为低风险、中风险和高风险,并通过地理信息系统统计各个风险区的区域面积。通过该模型AUC均值验证估测精度,以及对比该县2022年马尾松毛虫飞防的区域内各风险区面积占比,对风险分级效果进行验证。【结果】1)年均降水量、月均潜在蒸散发量、距居民点距离和海拔为影响该县马尾松毛虫生存的主要环境因子。2)MaxEnt模型的训练和测试的AUC均值分别为0.92与0.87,标准差为0.013,小于0.05,表明模型的结果为优,预测结果的可靠性高,可用于该县马尾松毛虫害风险估测;通过对比2022年石柱县春季马尾松毛虫的飞防区域,面积占比高达99.05%,表明高风险区分布与其实际分布高度一致,分级效果好。3)该县马尾松毛虫害高风险区主要集中于临溪镇、悦崃镇、鱼池镇、河嘴乡和万朝镇等;王场镇、龙沙镇、王家乡、西沱镇、黎场乡、沿溪镇和万朝镇的高风险区面积占各自乡镇马尾松区域面积高达90%以上。【结论】研究表明,石柱县的马尾松毛虫害高风险区主要集中在西部和北部的乡镇,通过对乡镇间与乡镇内高风险区分布的统计分析,更全面地了解了马尾松毛虫的风险区分布,可为马尾松毛虫的针对性防治与监管提供科学依据。

兰州市苏式建筑空间分布研究

在以苏联援华156项工程为核心的“一五规划”(1953—1957年)时期,苏联专家穆欣等在兰州指导设计了大量独具“社会主义”风格的苏式建筑。这些苏式建筑见证了新中国城市化初期的探索与发展,对赓续老工业城市红色基因,具有不可或缺的历史研究价值。基于《兰州市志》《兰州市历史文化名城保护规划(2018—2035年)》等相关资料,结合兰州市现存苏式建筑空间坐标数据、兰州市地形地貌DEM等地理信息数据,运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对兰州市苏式建筑的现存状况、空间分布、建筑类型等内容进行定量分析,挖掘兰州苏式建筑的空间分布特征,力求为兰州市今后苏式建筑更新保护工作提供参考。

GDISD团队信任的动态演化机理研究

结合异地分布式信息系统开发(GDISD)团队的特点与信任演进的相关研究构建GDISD团队的信任演进理论模型。从演化博弈论的角度,描述GDISD团队任意两成员间信任演进的机理,验证信任演进理论模型成立的前提。研究得出GDISD团队信任演进的理论模型,从基于计算的信任,快速信任,基于了解的信任演化到基于认同的信任。针对GDISD过程,分析了该理论模型信任发展各阶段信任的基础和对象。通过构建动态复制方程,得出系统均衡点,并采用雅可比矩阵验证其稳定性,结果显示当博弈双方采取高信任策略时,项目高效完成的奖金大于由于博弈中一方低信任策略造成的另一方的收益损失时,信任的演化都遵循低信任策略到高信任策略的演化路径。

基于MaxEnt模型的湖北烟区潜在适宜性分布及其环境特征分析

为全面评价生态气候因子对湖北省烟叶生长发育的影响,利用2008—2020年中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA land data assimilation system,CLDAS)数据集和其他环境因子,基于最大熵模型(MaxEnt),利用湖北省西部烟区实际种植点位模拟湖北省烟区的潜在适宜性分布,并评估影响适宜性分布的主导环境因子。结果显示:MaxEnt模型对烟草适宜性分布的模拟预测精度较高(AUC=0.854)。海拔(650~1750 m)、土壤类型(黄壤)、团棵期平均最低气温(8.9~15.0℃)、旺长期平均气温(16.0~22.9℃)、成熟期平均气温(18.8~25.6℃)是影响湖北烟草分布的主导环境因子。烟草的高适生区主要分布在恩施、十堰和襄阳南部及宜昌东南部,占湖北省总面积的18.2%,80%区域的海拔为700~1350 m、团棵期平均最低气温11.2~14.5℃、旺长期平均气温19.2~22.8℃、成熟期平均气温22.0~25.4℃。在所有环境因子中,海拔高度起决定性作用,温度则是影响烟草生长发育的重要气象因子。研究表明,本研究结果与湖北烟区实际空间分布基本相符。

基于GIS的电力应急物资配送路径规划方法

为保证电力应急物资及时配送,使其可快速恢复供电,减少经济损失,以地理信息系统为基础,提出电力应急物资配送路径的规划方法。先基于GIS(Geographic Information System)地理信息系统中的Map X组件,构建地理空间数据预处理模型,然后根据处理后数据,建立配送路径规划数学模型与约束条件,最后融合遗传算法、爬山算法与蚁群算法,循环运算数学模型,取得最优配送路径。实验以某次电力设备突发事件为背景,当满足物资需求时,规划路径在道路状况正常与非正常条件下的配送时间各减少14 min和30 min,成本分别减少10.9元和5.09元,证明所设计的规划方法具有显著优越性。

GIS在城镇燃气管网中的关键技术及应用

燃气是人们生产和生活中不可或缺的要素,而燃气输配运行过程中燃气管网在燃气系统的设计、建设和维护中扮演着至关重要的角色。城镇燃气的高速发展,对燃气管网的运行管理提出了更高的要求,对精细化、科学化、规范化管理需求也不断提升。为满足这些需求,地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)在城镇燃气地下管网中得到了广泛应用。运用空间数据转换处理系统FME(Feature Manipulate Engine)进行数据建库和数据转换,ArcMAP用于燃气管道设施空间数据处理,GeoPandas结合Sklearn程序包实现巡检网格制作及动态分析可实现地下燃气管道的精细化巡检,进一步提升输配管道设施的运行管理水平,降低事故发生,提高管网运行效率和安全性。

银川市体育设施空间分布与资源配置研究

本研究运用空间分析工具和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)软件,探究了银川市体育设施的空间分布与资源配置情况,以期为银川市体育设施的规划、建设和管理提供参考。通过对银川市体育设施的现状调查和数据分析,发现银川市体育设施总体数量较少,分布不均衡。同时,体育设施类型多样,以体育场地为主。针对以上问题,本研究提出了增加体育设施投入、优化布局、提高使用率和完善政策体系等建议。未来需要进一步加强对县区的投入,提高县区的体育设施水平,让市民能享受到更好的体育服务。通过此次研究,期望促进银川市体育设施的发展,提高市民的体育健身水平,推动城市可持续发展。

基于ArcGIS的湖北地震监测台站空间分布特征研究

基于ArcGIS平台,通过湖北地震监测台站分布与行政区划、活动断裂带、地震动峰值加速度区划之间的空间关系,定量研究湖北地震监测台站的空间分布特征。研究表明,在湖北部分地市存在地震监测空白或薄弱区域;超50%的地球物理监测台站和约三分之一的测震台站在距活动断裂10 km的范围内;所有地震台站均位于地震烈度Ⅵ级以上区域。