Plastic zone analysis and support optimization of shallow roadway with weakly cemented soft strata

Based on a shallow roadway with weakly cemented soft strata in western China, this paper studies the range and degree of plastic zones in soft strata roadways with weak cementation. Geological radars were used to monitor the loose range and level of surrounding rocks. A mechanical model of weakly cemented roadway was established, including granular material based on the measured results. The model was then used to determine the plastic zone radium. The predicted results agree well with measured results which provide valuable theoretical references for the analysis of surrounding rock stability and support reinforcing design of weakly cemented roadways. Finally, a combined supporting scheme of whole section bolting and grouting was proposed based on the original supporting scheme. It is proved that this support plan can effectively control the deformation and plastic zone expansion of the roadway surrounding rock and thus ensure the long-term stable and safe mining.

工作面超前预注浆及联合支护在地质异常区施工中的应用

顾桥煤矿-780m南翼胶带机大巷(二)处于地质异常区,采用普通施工方法及支护方式难以向前施工与南区贯通,直接导致南区采煤面无法按期出煤,影响到顾桥矿的采面接替。本文通过分析注浆、锚网、架棚及锚索支护的作用机理,针对现场的地质条件,施工时采用工作面超前预注浆、外锚网内架棚及棚外喷注浆与普通、中空注浆锚索加固的联合支护方式,确保了巷道如期与南区贯通。施工实践表明,此种支护方式在地质异常区软岩巷道中取得了较好的效果。

组合锚注支护在深部大断面巷道围岩控制的应用

深部大断面巷道围岩严重变形影响煤矿回采效率,主要原因为埋深变大,围岩应力过大,导致支护传统支护措施无法满足要求。针对以上问题,拟采用组合锚注技术进行支护,阐述了两种中空注浆锚杆施工工艺,采用数值模拟方法分析了传统端部锚固和中空注浆锚杆锚固措施下巷道围岩应力、应变情况,对现场组合支护措施实施后情况进行了效果考察,得到以下结论:①组合锚注技术中端锚式中空注浆锚杆锚固大于涨壳式中空注浆锚杆锚固极限拉拔应力,前者是后者极限拉拔应力的1.5倍;②数值运算分析,深部采用传统端部锚杆锚固技术顶板最大位移量为140 mm,顶板破损严重;中空注浆锚杆锚固顶板最大位移量60 mm;中空注浆锚杆锚固技术支护效果更佳;③通过对比传统支护措施和组合锚注支护措施分析,传统锚固支护区域深部最大位移量420 mm,中空注浆锚固区域深部最大位移量120 mm,中空注浆锚固支护效果明显。研究结果表明,组合锚注支护技术有效控制了大断面巷道围岩变形严重问题。