Application of oblique photogrammetry technique in geological hazard identification and decision management

With the continuous development of the oblique photography technique, it has been used more and more widely in the field of geological disasters. It can quickly obtain the three-dimensional(3D) real scene model of dangerous mountainous areas under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel while restoring the real geographic information as much as possible. However, geological disaster areas are often accompanied by many adverse factors such as cliffs and dense vegetation. Based on this, the paper introduced the flight line design of oblique photogrammetry, analyzed the multi-platform data fusion processing, studied the multi-period data dynamic evaluation technology and proposed the application methods of data acquisition, early warning, disaster assessment and decision management suitable for geological disaster identification through the analysis of actual cases, which will help geologists to plan and control geological work more scientifically and rationally, improve work efficiency and reduce the potential personnel safety hazards in the process of geological survey, to offer technical support to the application of oblique photogrammetry in geological disaster identification and decision making and provide the scientific basis for personal and property safety protection and later-stage geological disaster management in disaster areas.

GIS-Based Highway Geological Hazard Information Management and Decision Support System

Based on the practical application of Geology Information System（GIS） throughout the world, combined with the characters of road＇s geological hazard and it＇s supervision, the paper introduces on the importance of the research on road＇s geological hazards information management and decision-making support system. The paper also analyzes the system＇s target, the principles and key techniques in developing the system. In the research, we developed the GIS-based road＇s geological hazard information management and decision-making support system and applied it to one speedway in the west of China where contains typical geological hazards. The system based on the database of road＇s geological hazard on the grounds of spatial graphic information and attribute information. By virtue of the scientific assessment and prediction mathematical model, integrating the GIS＇s strongpoint on spatial analyzing, the system is capable of visualizing the regionalization of road according to the geological hazards it contains, and accurately assessing and predicting geological hazards, thus efficiently assists the road construction and management units in the decision making on controlling the geological hazards and reducing the related loss.

Developing a Geological Management Information System: National Important Mining Zone Database

Geo-data is a foundation for the prediction and assessment of ore resources, so managing and making full use of those data, including geography database, geology database, mineral deposits database, aeromagnetics database, gravity database, geochemistry database and remote sensing database, is very significant. We developed national important mining zone database （NIMZDB） to manage 14 national important mining zone databases to support a new round prediction of ore deposit. We found that attention should be paid to the following issues： ① data accuracy： integrity, logic consistency, attribute, spatial and time accuracy; ② management of both attribute and spatial data in the same system;③ transforming data between MapGIS and ArcGIS; ④ data sharing and security; ⑤ data searches that can query both attribute and spatial data. Accuracy of input data is guaranteed and the search, analysis and translation of data between MapGIS and ArcGIS has been made convenient via the development of a checking data module and a managing data module based on MapGIS and ArcGIS. Using AreSDE, we based data sharing on a client/server system, and attribute and spatial data are also managed in the same system.

Mobile Application and a Web-Based Geographic Information System for Sharing Geological Hazards Information in East and Southeast Asia

This paper presents a mobile application and a web-based geographic information system for an efficient and cost-effective sharing of geological hazards information in East and Southeast Asia. The information system uses the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Processing Service (WPS) for spatial data rendition and processing online. Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) is also used for other important spatial data processing and sharing operations. WMS and WPS are formulated to access and view the geological hazard data in the system’s database. The mobile application is developed to access and share the system’s geospatial contents by sending requests to these web services. The application also makes geological hazard mitigation measures more effective by incorporating the mobile device’s GPS location information with geological hazard data. Information like the distance from the nearest active fault, active volcano and earthquake hypocenter can be easily determined using the application. The mobile application provides an interface for the users to easily access geological hazard information such as active fault, active volcanoes, shorelines inundated by tsunamis, and historical and real time seismic events. The widespread use of mobile devices with Internet connection makes geological hazard information dissemination very efficient using the application. The mobile application is called G-EVER Mobile. G-EVER stands for Asia Pacific Region Global Earthquake and Volcanic Eruption Risk Management consortium. The application can be accessed at https://ccop-geoinfo.org/gever-mo/index.php.

Chinese public participation monitoring and warning system for geological hazards

In China,many geological hazards occurred in remote mountainous regions,and it was time-consuming to disseminate disaster information for the responsible parties to make timely judgements.Besides,only relying on professionals to monitor and manage disasters was demanding and costly.The Chinese government created a system to engage residents in the process of disaster risk management,namely’Public Participation Monitoring and Warning’(PPMW),to disseminate timely disaster information and bring down management costs.The objective of this system was to reduce casualties with minimum cost by organizing residents to evacuate from disasters in advance.This paper introduced the PPMW system,including its structure,operation mechanism by reviewing government documents and research articles,and its implementation by a case study of a landslide at Boli village(E 101°01’,N 27°29’),Yanyuan County,Sichuan Province,China on July 19th 2018.Further,this paper analyzed the strengths and limitations of the system and discussed its future development.It had the potential to become an affordable disaster risk management tool for other countries facing similar situations to China.

Integrating NLP and Ontology Matching into a Unified System for Automated Information Extraction from Geological Hazard Reports

Many detailed data on past geological hazard events are buried in geological hazard reports and have not been fully utilized. The growing developments in geographic information retrieval and temporal information retrieval offer opportunities to analyse this wealth of data to mine the spatiotemporal evolution of geological disaster occurrence and enhance risk decision making. This study presents a combined NLP and ontology matching information extraction framework for automatically recognizing semantic and spatiotemporal information from geological hazard reports. This framework mainly extracts unstructured information from geological disaster reports through named entity recognition, ontology matching and gazetteer matching to identify and annotate elements, thus enabling users to quickly obtain key information and understand the general content of disaster reports. In addition, we present the final results obtained from the experiments through a reasonable visualization and analyse the visual results. The extraction and retrieval of semantic information related to the dynamics of geohazard events are performed from both natural and human perspectives to provide information on the progress of events.

Regional Integrated Meteorological Forecasting and Warning Model for Geological Hazards Based on Logistic Regression

Information model is adopted to integrate factors of various geosciences to estimate the susceptibility of geological hazards. Further combining the dynamic rainfall observations, Logistic regression is used for modeling the probabilities of geological hazard occurrences, upon which hierarchical warnings for rainfall-induced geological hazards are produced. The forecasting and warning model takes numerical precipitation forecasts on grid points as its dynamic input, forecasts the probabilities of geological hazard occurrences on the same grid, and translates the results into likelihoods in the form of a 5-level hierarchy. Validation of the model with observational data for the year 2004 shows that 80% of the geological hazards of the year have been identified as ＂likely enough to release warning messages＂. The model can satisfy the requirements of an operational warning system, thus is an effective way to improve the meteorological warnings for geological hazards.

GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND THEIRS CONTROL

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Landslide Hazard Mapping of Nagadhunga-Naubise Section of the Tribhuvan Highway in Nepal with GIS Application

The aim of this project was to prepare and study a hazard map of Nagadhunga-Naubise section of the Tribhuvan highway. This section lies in the Middle Mountain region of Nepal. For the preparation of the hazard map of the corridor three steps, initial study, field investigation, and data analysis and presentation were carried out. In the initial study, the collection of available data and review of the literature were done. The base map was then prepared from the topographical map. In the field investigation step, all information and maps prepared earlier in the initial study were verified by field check. In the final step, prepared and verified data were then analyzed for the hazard mapping. Topography (gradient, slope shape and slope aspect), geology, drainage and land-use were considered to be the major influencing factors in the slope stability. Pre-assigned hazard rating method was used for hazard mapping of the study area. The area was divided into equal facets. Then ratings of responsible factors to the hazard were assigned to each facet and overlaid based upon a predetermined rating scheme. Total estimated hazard was the sum of these ratings for each overlay. Hazard map was prepared by using three categories as low hazard, medium hazard and high hazard. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was the main tool for the data input, analysis, and preparing of the final hazard map. The hazard map showed the areas of different hazard potential classes of;“low” with 32% portion, “Medium” with 51%, and “high” with 17% portion.

西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系

【目的】煤炭在我国的主体能源地位短期内难以发生改变,是我国能源发展的兜底保障。煤炭资源大规模、高强度的开采损害煤矿区地质环境,同时导致突水、冲击地压等灾害。【方法】围绕煤矿安全高效开采面临的地质环境损害预测预警难和减损开采保障压力大等难题,基于煤炭采动损害预测与减损地质保障多学科交叉特点,突出地质条件的控灾机理和采动致灾模式,强调煤炭开采模式与地质结构演化全时空多场响应,分析采动效应下地质条件物质场、能量场、信息场的耦合机制,厘清损害模式和预警信息关键参量的映射关系,形成安全高效开采的地质保障策略和减损控灾工程技术体系。【结果和结论】研究思路为“孕灾环境→损害机制→过程响应→损害预测→防灾减损”,技术路线是“煤矿开采地质环境条件→地质结构演化规律及损害模式→多物理场演化全时空信息响应→损害监测及预测预警→减损保障工程技术”。核心内容包括:(1)剖析地质条件与致灾地质体的空间关系和成因联系,构建高精度的三维地质力学模型,阐明地质结构、开采条件和损害模式的映射关系,建立主控要素的特征参量数据库;(2)构建采动效应下的工程地质力学模型,研究开采方式、空间布局、采动速率等影响下地质条件结构的时空演化特征和损害机制,提出考虑地质体关键结构破坏演化规律的损害模式判识方法;(3)获取采动过程地质结构演化背景下的全时空多源信息响应,提出主控参量作用下的损害模式识别标准,进而厘清裂隙场、应力场、渗流场与地球物理场信息参量的镜像关系,建立基于地质条件物质场、能量场和信息场耦合响应的全时空信息映射模型;(4)构建地面-钻孔-井下的全空间、多方位、主被动的一体化多源监测体系,提出煤矿采动损害预测模型和预报方法;(5)构建基于损害源、损害模式、损害动力、损害通道剖析以及减损技术与效果评价于一体的减损控灾体系,追求煤炭安全开采与地质环境保护协调发展,破解资源开发与地质环境制约之间的矛盾,为煤矿安全高效开采和防灾减损提供地质、力学、物理基础的科学依据。

基于熵值法和信息量模型的公路路域地质灾害敏感性研究

为探讨浙江省高速公路路域范围内地质灾害分布规律,应用熵值理论和信息量法,基于地理信息系统技术平台,选取地面高程、降雨量、植被覆盖度等指标进行分析,并对高速路域进行敏感性评价。结果表明,浙江省高速公路路域灾害主要分布在西南部山区,并以滑坡为主;灾害面积比基本随地面高程、地表坡度、地表起伏度、降雨量、植被覆盖度的增加呈增长趋势,随与河流距离的增加呈减小趋势;对高速公路路域2 km内灾害敏感性进行分级后,极高敏感区、高敏感区、中敏感区、低敏感区、极低敏感区分别占比3.56%、31.09%、45.35%、19.72%、0.28%,路域高敏感区主要分布于浙江省西南部。

Farmers’Demand for Informal Risk Management Strategy and Weather Index Insurance:Evidence from China

In the absence of formal risk management strategies,agricultural production in China is highly vulnerable to climate change.In this study,field experiments were conducted with 344 households in Heilongjiang(Northeast China)and Jiangsu(East China)Provinces.Probit and logistic models and independent sample T-test were used to explore farmers’demand for weather index insurance,in contrast to informal risk management strategies,and the main factors that affect demand.The results show that the farmers prefer weather index insurance to informal risk management strategies,and farmers’characteristics have significant impacts on their adoption of risk management strategies.The variables non-agricultural labor ratio,farmers’risk perception,education,and agricultural insurance purchase experience significantly affect farmers’weather index insurance demand.The regression results show that the farmers’weather index insurance demand and the influencing factors in the two provinces are different.Farmers in Heilongjiang Province have a higher participation rate than those in Jiangsu Province.The government should conduct more weather index insurance pilot programs to help farmers understand the mechanism,and insurance companies should provide more types of weather index insurance to meet farmers’diversified needs.

数字化转型背景下地质资料信息化管理探究

随着信息技术的快速发展和全球数字化转型的推动,各行各业都面临着巨大的变革和机遇。地质行业作为国民经济中支撑能源、矿产和环境保护等重要领域的关键产业,在数字化转型的大潮中受到了深刻影响。传统地质资料通常以纸质形式储存,数量庞大且分散,导致信息获取困难,搜索效率低下,安全性不足。随着地质工作的不断发展,地质资料管理面临着新的挑战和机遇。文章将针对数字化转型背景下地质资料信息化管理进行探究,提出相应的管理建议。旨在通过地质资料档案数字化转型,提升地质工作者的信息获取能力和决策效果,促进地质行业科学发展。

信息量确定系数耦合模型的地质灾害易发性评价——以铜陵义安区为例

目的为研究地质灾害所带来的人员伤亡和财产损失等问题。方法以铜陵义安区为例,选取坡度、地形起伏度、工程地质岩组、距断层距离、斜坡结构、归一化植被指数(NDVI)6个评价因子,采用信息量模型(I)、确定系数模型(CF)及I-CF耦合模型建立义安区地质灾害易发性评价体系,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线对模型进行对比和分析。结果坡度、地形起伏度对义安区地质灾害易发性评价影响程度较大的主要因子;信息量模型、确定系数模型、I-CF耦合模型的AUC值分别为0.890、0.884、0.913,说明,I-CF耦合模型预测精度优于另外两种单一模型。结论研究表明,采用I-CF耦合模型在义安区地质灾害易发性评价结果中效果更好,中、高易发区主要分布于南部、东南部及西部丘陵山区,主要涉及天门镇、顺安镇、新桥办事处、钟鸣镇及五松镇,该区域主要以矿业开发和城镇建设为主,同时地形起伏相对较大,植被覆盖较高,采矿现象普遍,灾害点比较集中,其中,采空塌陷地质灾害主要分布于天门镇、钟鸣镇和顺安镇一带,多为矿山早期开采遗留的老采空区导致,可对当地政府进行地质灾害防范工作具有重要指导意义。

南京市地质资料信息化管理的思考和实践

地质资料是在地质工作中形成的记录性资料,既是地质工作的第一手成果,也是重要的总结性经验和宝贵的社会性资源。然而,在实际工作中地质资料的价值并没有完全被发掘,亟需运用信息化技术手段提升管理和利用水平。本文基于正在开展的江苏省矿地融合试点项目《南京城市地下空间资源综合开发利用评价》,对南京市地质资料信息化管理工作进行了思考,并结合南京市规划资源信息化顶层设计和大数据中心建设的实际探索了南京市地质资料信息化管理的实践路径。

基于BIM的公路边坡可视化管理方法研究

山地、丘陵地区的公路建设和运营中常伴有大量边坡,边坡的灾害问题已成为制约我国公路、铁路建设与运营发展的主要因素。目前,主流边坡信息化管理系统在信息集成领域存在缺陷,难以满足对各类复杂边坡科学监测与精细化管理的需求。为此,将BIM可视化技术引入到边坡监测与管理中,利用可视化模型“所见即所得”的优势与强大的数据集成能力改善沟通环境、提高管理效率。首先,通过地质钻孔数据解译结合地层层序优化逻辑确定地层层序、地层边界与分布范围,利用Dynamo节点开发基于钻孔数据的自动化建模程序,提出基于Revit+Dynamo的边坡地质BIM精细化建模方法。然后,提出联合OBJ-JSON格式储存模型关键属性信息的边坡模型轻量化导出方案,实现模型与地质信息的集成以及大体量边坡地质模型与Web的端互通,基于Three.js框架扩展WebGL原生代码优化BIM模型并开发了边坡BIM模型的Web端交互应用。最后,全方位分析涵盖项目全生命周期管理的内需并借助MySQL数据库技术将上述成果进行整合,开发了基于BIM的高速公路边坡的可视化监测管理平台并运用于实际工程。实例结果表明,基于平台建立的边坡可视化管理方案能够大幅提升案例公路边坡项目在运用阶段的管理水平与管理效率。研究为边坡信息化、可视化管理流程的制定和实施提供了参考。

不同降雨工况条件下的崩滑地质灾害危险性评价

为针对性地采取预防、避让、治理等地质灾害防治与管控提供依据,完善在地质灾害危险性评价中将降雨作为单一诱发因子参与评价体系的弊端,在大雨、暴雨、大暴雨和特大暴雨4种不同降雨工况条件下进行了研究区崩滑地质灾害危险性评价。以云南省元阳县作为研究区域,以栅格单元作为评价单元,选取地貌类型、高程、坡度、坡向、曲率、工程地质岩组、土地利用类型、断层距离和河流距离9个评价因子,采用主观的层次分析法与客观的信息量模型相结合的加权信息量模型对元阳县崩塌、滑坡进行了地质灾害易发性评价。研究结果表明:基于自然间断点法元阳县域可分为低、中、高、极高4类易发区,4类易发区面积分别占元阳县面积的21.55%,35.46%,25.53%和17.16%。利用ROC曲线得出区划结果精度AUC值为0.812,表明区划结果很好。在易发性评价基础上,以年平均最大日降雨量为诱发因素,分别对大雨、暴雨、大暴雨和特大暴雨4种工况条件下的研究区进行了崩塌、滑坡地质灾害危险性评价,得到了大雨([25,50) mm)工况、暴雨([50,100) mm)工况、大暴雨([100,250]mm)工况和特大暴雨(>250 mm)工况4种条件下基于极值假设的研究区崩滑地质灾害危险性评价结果,并对不同降雨工况条件下的地质灾害危险性评价结果进行了对比分析,确定了地质灾害危险性评价结果在不同降雨条件下的空间合理性。通过与实际调查结果的对比表明,4种不同降雨工况条件下的崩滑地质灾害危险性评价结果与实际高度吻合,说明评价结果具有较高的可靠性与合理性。

郑州市西部山地丘陵区地质灾害发育特征及危险性评价

郑州市西部山地丘陵区地质环境条件复杂,崩塌、滑坡及泥石流等地质灾害频发,尤其是2021年“7·20”特大暴雨引发了大量地质灾害。地质灾害危险性评价主要采用单一方法进行,存在评价准确性略低等问题。通过对研究区地质环境背景、地质灾害分布特征的分析研究,选取坡度、地貌、工程地质岩组、高程、距断裂距离、距河流距离、24小时最大降雨量和人类工程活动强度8个评价因子,采用加权信息量法,对研究区进行地质灾害危险性评价。结果表明:低、中、高危险区面积分别为1387.14 km^(2)、1803.18 km^(2)、1066.47 km^(2),分别占总面积的32.59%、42.36%、25.05%,地质灾害点的空间分布与地质灾害危险性评价结果基本一致,利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线检验评价结果合理,研究结论可为郑州市西部山地丘陵区地质灾害防治提供准确的依据。

基于信息量-Scoops3D联合模型的地质灾害易发性评价

贵渝管道沿线地势险峻、构造活跃、雨量集中,崩滑流等地质灾害十分发育,科学开展管道沿线地质灾害的易发性评估工作对确保其安全运行至关重要。本研究在查明管道沿线自然地质环境及地质灾害分布的基础上,结合管道沿线地形地质特征、管道展布与斜坡体的相互空间位置关系划分了101段适合管道工程特点的评价单元,基于信息量数理统计模型与Scoops3D物理力学模型对管道沿线地质灾害的易发性进行了评价。评价结果表明管道沿线地质灾害的高易发区主要集中在遵义及桐梓县附近,其中7段处于极高易发区,26段处于高易发区,20段处于中易发区,30段处于低易发区,18段处于极低易发区。通过ROC曲线分别求得信息量、Scoops3D以及二者联合模型的AUC值分别为0.796、0.683和0.803,结果表明信息量-Scoops3D联合模型的评价准确性最高。

医院信息系统应急管理体系的建设

随着信息技术的飞速发展,医院业务的连续性越来越依赖信息系统的稳定运行。为了提高医院应对信息系统突发故障事件的处置能力,中山大学附属第六医院借助工具开展灾害脆弱性分析,精准识别出医院信息系统可能面临的高危风险事件,按照风险事件发生后果的严重程度进行排序。结合医院的实际情况建立应急管理组织架构,制订可操作、可执行的应急预案并实施应急演练,不断改进和完善应急预案,建立了一套有效的信息系统故障应急管理体系。本文分享了医院在信息系统故障应急管理体系建设的经验和成果,可为其他医疗机构的应急管理工作提供参考和借鉴。