Automated machine learning for rainfall-induced landslide hazard mapping in Luhe County of Guangdong Province,China

Landslide hazard mapping is essential for regional landslide hazard management.The main objective of this study is to construct a rainfall-induced landslide hazard map of Luhe County,China based on an automated machine learning framework(AutoGluon).A total of 2241 landslides were identified from satellite images before and after the rainfall event,and 10 impact factors including elevation,slope,aspect,normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),topographic wetness index(TWI),lithology,land cover,distance to roads,distance to rivers,and rainfall were selected as indicators.The WeightedEnsemble model,which is an ensemble of 13 basic machine learning models weighted together,was used to output the landslide hazard assessment results.The results indicate that landslides mainly occurred in the central part of the study area,especially in Hetian and Shanghu.Totally 102.44 s were spent to train all the models,and the ensemble model WeightedEnsemble has an Area Under the Curve(AUC)value of92.36%in the test set.In addition,14.95%of the study area was determined to be at very high hazard,with a landslide density of 12.02 per square kilometer.This study serves as a significant reference for the prevention and mitigation of geological hazards and land use planning in Luhe County.

Mapping and Petro-Structural Study of Northern Komborodougou Formations, in Korhogo Gold District: A Substantial Contribution to the Discovery of a Potential Gold Mineralization in Birimian Greenstone Belts

The Gold District of Korhogo, in the northern region of C?te d’Ivoire, holds enormous potential for gold mineralizations, some of which are under exploration phase and others in exploitation phase (example of Tongon Gold Mine). Dormant since 1998, Mapping Services of most of the West African countries hardly provide geological maps at the scales of: 1/200,000, 1/50,000 and 1/25,000. This situation of unavailability of detailed geological maps does not help mining operators in the selection of prolific areas and also in the interpretation of in soil geochem anomies or gold mineralizations. Consequently, during the years 2020 and 2021, we have undertaken a campaign of geological mapping and petro-structural study of the northern sector of Komborodougou, located in the southern extension of Banfora Birimian Belt. This work, which allowed the realization of a geological map at 1/20,000 scale, reveals that: the mapped area includes three (3) major lithological units: 1) a volcano-sedimentary unit made up of metasediments (metaarenites, metasiltites and metaflyschs) and metavolcanites (metabasalts), which are metamorphosed and outcrop in the form of schists;2) a metaplutonic and intrusive unit composed on the one hand of quartz-diorites and metagabbros, and on the other hand of granites and granodiorites;3) and finally, a unit of dikes formed by microgranites, microgabbros, aplites and quartzites. The volcano-sedimentary complex is affected by a regional fold with an axis subparallel to the regional tectonic grain and an S1 schistosity oriented NE-SW to NNE-SSW with steep dips (>60o), except for those of the metaflyschs which are weak (o);a regional NW-SE compression would be at the origin of the setting of this schistosity. The volcano-sediment and metaplutonite complex is crossed in a NNE-SSW direction by a senetral shear-zone or main shear-zone and secondary shear-zones oriented sometimes NE-SW or N-S. These shear-zones are intersected by more or less dextral or senestral strike-slip faults of NW-SE and E-W trends. N-S to NNE-SSW (N0o - N20o) and NW-SE (N130o - N160o) vein systems associated with the various shear-zones are the hosts of the gold mineralization in the region. These veins have been mined by orpaillors for more than two decades. The northern sector of Komborodougou is in the NNE continuity of the gold mineralization highlighted by the mining company Mako Gold Sarl on its Gogbala and Tchaga prospects, Napie project.

Characteristics of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments of Tanzania and their agricultural applications:Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical survey

Tanzania is located in eastern Africa with a predominantly agricultural ecomomy,the potential for developing and utilizing cultivated land are promising,but scientific guidance is required.B,Zn and Se are essential micronutrients for plants and human body with crucial biological functions,in particular,Se is significant for human health and considered as“the king of anti-cancer”.As these elements required by human or plants are mainly absorbed from soil directly or indirectly,therefore,it is important to understand the contents and distributions of them in the soil of cultivated land for guiding agricultural production.In this work,low-density geochemical survey at the scale of 1∶1000000 was carried out in Tanzania,and the results show that the concentrations of B,Zn and Se in stream sediments are low and their distributions are heterogeneous.According to the distributions of geological units,the existing cultivated land resources can be divided into five regions in Tanzania.Compared with the national background values,the concentrations of B,Zn and Se are insufficient overall but enriched locally in these regions.In general,element concentrations in stream sediments and soil have a positive correlation because of their similar sources,which is essential in agriculture application.Based on the information provided by low-density geochemical data and maps,the Se-sufficient and Se-rich regions were delineated in Tanzania,where can be used to develop Se-rich industries.Finally,this paper believes that geochemical survey is a powerful tool for cultivated land evaluation,agriculture management and land development.

Gold enrichment characteristics and exploration prospects in Zambia: Based on 1∶1000000 geochemical mapping

The 1∶1000000 geochemical mapping of Zambia provides catchment sediment geochemical data for 58elements including Au from 746 sediment samples at 736 sampling sites,corresponding to a sampling density of about one site per 1000 km2.Under strict quality control using field duplicates,certified reference materials,and analytical replicate samples,the Au was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS).The detection limit of Au was 0.20×10^(-9).The 95%range(2.5%–97.5%)of Au concentrations was from 0.24×10^(-9) to 1.36×10^(-9),and the median value was 0.40×10^(-9).The most noticeable Au distribution patterns shown on the map are mainly located between Lusaka and Ndola(Lufilian Arc Belt).In addition,several high Au value areas occurred in Mansa,Muyombe,Chipata,and Livingstone.The spatial distribution patterns of Au in tectonic units,drainage basins,and geomorphological landscapes could be related to the Lufilian Arc Belt and Bangweulu Block.The Au concentrations show metallogenic belts between Muyombe and Mbala areas,between Mansa and Ndola areas,and between Lusaka and Kasempa areas.

PALSAR-FBS L-HH Mode and Landsat-TM Data Fusion for Geological Mapping

Characterized by lithological diversity and rich mineral resources, Benshangul-Gumuz National Regional State located in Asosa Zones, Western Ethiopia has been investigated for geological mapping and morpho-structural lineaments extraction using PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar ) Fine Beam Single (FBS) L-HH polarization and Landsat-5 TM (Thematic Mapper ) datasets. These data were preprocessed to retrieve ground surface reflectance and backscatter coefficients. To overcome the geometry acquisition between the two sensors, they were geometrically and topographically rectified using ASTER-V2 DEM. Intensity-Hue-Saturation, directional filters and automatic lineaments extraction were applied on the datasets for lithological units’ discrimination and structural delimitation for potential mineral exploration. The obtained results showed good relationship among the topographic morphology, rock-substrate, structural variations properties, and drainage network. The spectral variations were easily associated with lithological units. Likewise, the morpho-structural information highlighted in the PALSAR image was visible without altering the radiometric integrity of the details in TM bands through the fusion process. Moreover, predominant lineaments directions trending NE-SW, NS, and NW-SE were identified. Results of this study highlighted the importance of the PALSAR FBS L-HH mode and TM data fusion to enhance geological features and lithological units for mineral exploration particularly in tropical zones.

Mineral Evaluations for Small Scale Miners:A Case for Zimbabwe and South Africa

Since the establishment of geological surveys in Southern Africa a lots of geological information has been systematically stored.Due to the vast amounts of data generated one of the main functions of

Progress of Geological Survey Using Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data in the Gansu and Qinghai Regions

Hyperspectral remote sensing is now a frontier of the remote sensing technology. Airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data have hundreds of narrow bands to obtain complete and continuous ground-object spectra. Therefore, they can be effectively used to identify these grotmd objects which are difficult to discriminate by using wide-band data, and show much promise in geological survey. At the height of 1500 m, have 36 bands in visible to the CASI hyperspectral data near-infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 19 nm and a space resolution of 0.9 m. The SASI data have 101 bands in the shortwave infrared spectral range, with a spectral resolution of 15 nm and a space resolution of 2.25 m. In 2010, China Geological Survey deployed an airborne CASI/SASI hyperspectral measurement project, and selected the Liuyuan and Fangshankou areas in the Beishan metallogenic belt of Gansu Province, and the Nachitai area of East Kunlun metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province to conduct geological survey. The work period of this project was three years.

Geological, Soil and Sediment Studies in Chelsaton Sedimentary Basin, Kabul, Afghanistan

The geology, sediment and soil studies are important due to its significant impacts on agriculture, mining, constructions materials, industries, environment, ground water percolation, air pollution, surface and ground water pollutions, earthquakes and geo-hazards in Afghanistan. In this research, we studied petrography, Sediment, tectonic structures, soil fraction selection by using hydrometer, sieving analysis, and geological mapping. Results show different kinds of metamorphic rocks of low grade and medium grade metamorphisms, Garnete mica Schist, Garnete Schist, Quarsite, different types of minerals among rocks. Further, type of sediment consisting residual angular (Autochthonous) and rounded (Allochthonous) transported by water, among sediments consisting Garnete, Gneiss, Schist, Quarsite, Biotite and consisting different type of sizes boulders, Cobble, Granule, Sand, Silt. Hydrometer analysis shows different types of soil clayey loam, sandy loam, silty loam. Moreover, Geological mapping shows complex tectonic structures like joints, cracks, faults, folds, anticline and syncline. The obtained results suggest that the petrography, sediments and soil researches can be used efficiently for catchments of the Kabul Basin and other basins in Afghanistan.

Post-subdution evolution of the Northern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet: Constraints from geochemical anomalies, chronology and petrogeochemistry

Bangong-Nujiang collisional zone(BNCZ)is an older one in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and resulted in the famous Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,which plays an important role in evaluating the formation and uplift mechanism of plateau.The northern and central Lhasa Terrane composed the southern part of the BNCZ.Since ore deposits can be used as markers of geodynamic evolution,the authors carried 1∶50000 stream sedimental geochemical exploration in the Xiongmei area in the Northern Lhasa Terrane to manifest the mineralization,and based on this mineralization with geochemical and chronological characteristics of related magmatic rocks to constrain their geodynamics and connection with the evolution of the Lhasa Terrane.The authors find Early Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu,Mo mineralization,Late Cretaceous magma mainly resulted in Cu,Mo,and W mineralization in the studying area.The results suggest a southward subduction,slab rolling back and break-off,and thickened lithosphere delamination successively occurred within the Northern Lhasa Terrane.

The Importance of Integrating Geological Mapping Information with Validated Assay Data for Generating Accurate Geological Wireframes in Orebody Modelling of Mineral Deposit in Mineral Resource Estimation: A Case Study in AngloGold Ashanti, Obuasi Mine

The basis of accurate mineral resource estimates is to have a geological model which replicates the nature and style of the orebody. Key inputs into the generation of a good geological model are the sample data and mapping information. The Obuasi Mine sample data with a lot of legacy issues were subjected to a robust validation process and integrated with mapping information to generate an accurate geological orebody model for mineral resource estimation in Block 8 Lower. Validation of the sample data focused on replacing missing collar coordinates, missing assays, and correcting magnetic declination that was used to convert the downhole surveys from true to magnetic, fix missing lithology and finally assign confidence numbers to all the sample data. The missing coordinates which were replaced ensured that the sample data plotted at their correct location in space as intended from the planning stage. Magnetic declination data, which was maintained constant throughout all the years even though it changes every year, was also corrected in the validation project. The corrected magnetic declination ensured that the drillholes were plotted on their accurate trajectory as per the planned azimuth and also reflected the true position of the intercepted mineralized fissure(s) which was previously not the case and marked a major blot in the modelling of the Obuasi orebody. The incorporation of mapped data with the validated sample data in the wireframes resulted in a better interpretation of the orebody. The updated mineral resource generated by domaining quartz from the sulphides and compared with the old resource showed that the sulphide tonnes in the old resource estimates were overestimated by 1% and the grade overestimated by 8.5%.

金属矿山深部资源三维智能预测理论与方法

当前,中国主要矿产大多面临后备资源不足问题,在大中型矿山深部寻找可接替资源已成为保障主要矿产的战略措施。然而,金属矿山深部找矿预测面临着矿床深部结构不清、深部控矿规律隐蔽、深部矿体空间定位难度大等关键问题,亟须建立适应矿山真三维空间要求的矿产资源预测与评价新理论并取得关键技术突破。针对这些问题,自20世纪80年代开始,笔者通过持续的探索和研究创新,先后提出隐伏矿体立体定量预测、深部资源三维可视化预测,最终提出并建立深部资源三维智能预测理论与方法,实现了矿床深部三维结构重建的自动化与精细化、深部控矿规律表征的定量化与透明化、深部成矿空间矿体定位的精准化与智能化。该理论与方法主要包括成矿系统分析与找矿概念模型构建、矿床深部结构贝叶斯数据同化三维精细重建、矿床深部地质结构三维几何-物质分析与成矿信息提取、深部矿体空间定位规律深度学习与三维预测等重要方法与关键技术。该理论与方法先后在山东胶西北金矿集区、甘肃金川铜镍矿等地取得成功应用,在矿区深部探获厚度大、高品位矿体,取得深部找矿突破。

Oruxmaps软件结合Global Mapper软件在矿产资源行业并购中的应用

纸质地质图结合手持GPS,采用手工方式野外记录的传统地质调查工作方式已不能适应数字化和信息化的要求,在矿产资源并购项目中,运用Oruxmaps、Global Mapper等软件,可以制作适应地质调查工作所特需的离线地质图,实现地质图、GPS定位、路线轨迹记录、文字记录、影像记录等的有机结合,形成了一套行之有效的工作流程,极大地提高了路线地质调查工作的质量和效率。

河南围山城金银矿集区三维地质建模与成矿预测

三维建模与成矿预测已成为当前国内外十分流行且较成熟的技术方法。通过研究银洞坡金矿和破山银矿成矿地质特征,对围山城矿集区开展三维可视化模型构建及深部成矿预测。利用82条地质剖面建立了地质体(地层、岩体、矿体)、构造模型,利用1∶5万重磁数据和63条电测深数据建立了密度、磁化率、电阻率等地球物理模型,利用52条岩石剖面、614个钻孔、117个探槽、56个浅井及94个平硐数据建立了地球化学模型,实现了地、物、化数据的综合集成。以“三位一体”找矿预测理论为指导,建立了研究区岩浆热液型Au、Ag矿床三维定量预测模型,确定了Au、Ag矿床成矿有利信息变量;采用证据权法提取了预测变量的权重值和相关程度,选择合适的变量进行成矿预测,利用C-V分形确定阈值,圈定了6个找矿靶区,选择新庄预测靶区(A 1)进行钻孔验证,发现金矿体6条,充分证明了利用证据权法进行三维成矿预测具有可行性与科学性,圈定的靶区对矿山进行深边部隐伏矿体找矿具有重要的实践意义。

Explainable artificial intelligence models for mineral prospectivity mapping

Mineral prospectivity mapping(MPM)is designed to reduce the exploration search space by combining and analyzing geological prospecting big data.Such geological big data are too large and complex for humans to effectively handle and interpret.Artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms,which are powerful tools for mining nonlinear mineralization patterns in big data obtained from mineral exploration,have demonstrated excellent performance in MPM.However,AI-driven MPM faces several challenges,including difficult interpretability,poor generalizability,and physical inconsistencies.In this study,based on previous studies,we devised a novel workflow that aims to constructing more transparent and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)models for MPM by embedding domain knowledge throughout the AI-driven MPM,from input data to model design and model output.This newly proposed approach provides strong geological and conceptual leads that guide the entire AI-driven MPM model training process,thereby improving model interpretability and performance.Overall,the development of XAI models for MPM is capable of embedding prior and expert knowledge throughout the modeling process,presenting a valuable and promising area for future research designed to improve MPM.

基于无人机技术的地质矿产工程测绘新方法

首先,文章阐述了无人机技术的基本原理,并分析了其在高分辨率影像获取和实时数据传输上的优势。接下来,探讨了地质矿产测绘的新方法。通过与传统测绘方法进行对比,证明了基于无人机技术的测绘方法在准确性、效率和灵活性上的显著优势。最后,通过一个矿山区域的应用实例,进一步证实了该方法的实用性和可靠性。

无人机测绘技术在海岸带矿产地质沉降监测中的应用与展望

无人机测绘技术在海岸带矿产地质沉降监测中的应用展示了极大的潜力与效益。本文通过详细分析无人机在海岸带矿产地区的应用实例,结合高精度的传感器数据,有效地监测了海岸带地质沉降现象。研究结果表明,无人机技术能够提供迅速、精确的测绘数据,对于预防和减轻沿海地质灾害、矿区发展规划、沿海港口基础设施安全评估具有重要意义。此外,通过对无人机搭载的摄影测量和激光雷达等设备的数据处理,本文展示了无人机测绘在地形图生成和沉降趋势分析中的应用效果。最后,本文还探讨了该技术在未来地质监测中的发展方向,以及如何通过技术创新来解决现有的挑战。

地质矿产调查中数字地质填图的运用分析

随着矿产行业的发展,地质矿产调查的工作已经成为了采矿前期的重要环节。而将数字地质填图应用在地质矿产调查当中,能够提高矿产调查相关数据的精准度。基于此,本文简单分析了数字地质填图的应用特点及技术应用优势,其次,围绕地质矿产调查中数字地质填图的运用提出了几点策略。

现代测绘技术在地质矿产测绘中的应用探究

本文对现代测绘技术在地质矿产测绘中的应用进行了探究,立足于现代测绘技术的发展概况和其技术优势,本文系统分析了遥感技术、卫星导航技术、激光雷达技术、空间数据库技术、人工智能技术以及数据融合技术在地质矿产测绘中的应用,并探讨了它们的优势与局限性,以期助力现代测绘技术为地质矿产测绘带来变革,为其不断完善和发展提供可操作的建议。

地质测绘数据在矿产资源评价中的应用

地质测绘数据在矿产资源评价中扮演着至关重要的角色。本文探讨了地质测绘数据在矿床勘查、资源量评估和环境保护方面的应用及其重要性。首先,地质测绘数据为矿床的发现和勘查提供了基础数据支持,通过对地表地质特征、地下岩层构造和矿物分布等信息的分析,指导勘查工作的开展。其次,这些数据在资源量和储量评估中起到关键作用,结合地球物理勘探和化学分析数据,准确估算矿床的资源量和开采可行性。此外,地质测绘数据也用于环境影响评价和风险评估,为制定有效的环境保护措施提供科学依据。充分利用地质测绘数据可以实现资源的科学管理和合理开发,推动矿业行业朝着更加环保、高效和可持续的方向发展。

地质矿产资源勘查技术的创新应用与重难点突破

地质矿产资源勘查作为地质学领域的重要任务,对于国家经济发展和资源安全保障具有重要意义。传统的矿产资源勘查方法已难以满足当前对资源勘查精度和效率的要求,地质矿产资源勘查是地质学领域的关键任务,旨在发现并评估地下矿产资源的分布、储量和品质。通过综述同位成矿法、物化探测技术、地磁测量法以及立体地质综合成果图法在地质矿产资源勘查中的应用,以及探讨这些方法的创新应用与重难点突破。通过实例分析展示这些方法在矿产资源勘查中的高效性和准确性,针对面临的重难点问题提出了相应的突破策略,为地质矿产资源勘查技术的发展和应用提供了新的思路。