Sequential Gaussian simulation for geosystems modeling:A machine learning approach

Sequential Gaussian Simulation(SGSIM)as a stochastic method has been developed to avoid the smoothing effect produced in deterministic methods by generating various stochastic realizations.One of the main issues of this technique is,however,an intensive computation related to the inverse operation in solving the Kriging system,which significantly limits its application when several realizations need to be produced for uncertainty quantification.In this paper,a physics-informed machine learning(PIML)model is proposed to improve the computational efficiency of the SGSIM.To this end,only a small amount of data produced by SGSIM are used as the training dataset based on which the model can discover the spatial correlations between available data and unsampled points.To achieve this,the governing equations of the SGSIM algorithm are incorporated into our proposed network.The quality of realizations produced by the PIML model is compared for both 2D and 3D cases,visually and quantitatively.Furthermore,computational performance is evaluated on different grid sizes.Our results demonstrate that the proposed PIML model can reduce the computational time of SGSIM by several orders of magnitude while similar results can be produced in a matter of seconds.

Questions of Theory and Practice: To Synthesis, Analysis and Evaluation Natural Systems of Pacific Russia Based on Models of Landscape Geosystems

The results of long-term author’s scientific research in the field of geological and geographical study and landscape mapping of large regional links, such as Sikhote-Alinsky, Sakhalinsky, Kamchatsky, Anadyrsky, located in the Pacific landscape belt of Russia, are considered (Starozhilov, 2013). The studies were conducted at the medium scale (1:500,000) and were accompanied by landscape mapping (Starozhilov, 2016). The proposed article discusses the theory and practice of the overall results and the strategic vision of applying the landscape approach with selected examples. The wide range of possibilities of applying the landscape approach in studying the interaction of nature and society is emphasized. The importance and the indisputable need for the synthesis, analysis and assessment of natural systems based on the mapping of landscape geosystems to assess the environmental management of not only regional territories, but also of Pacific Russia as a whole are noted.

Forecasting changes of arid geosystems under ecological destabilizing conditions in the Aral Sea region

We discuss the main natural and anthropogenic factors of forecasting and establish the basic tendencies to change natural complexes. We conclude that the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea region are genetically uniform and paragenetically dynamical macro geosystems. By considering properties and features of structural and dynamic conditions of superaqual,subequal,and eluvial geosystems of the Aral Sea region and the Aral Sea,a forecast of its transformation by 2020 year is developed. We develop a practical plan of action for cardinal improvement of the environment in the Amu Darya Delta and the dried bottom of the Aral Sea.

Cartographic Approach in Studying Landscape Northwestern of Part Western Siberia

The structure and dynamics of geosystems: plant of forest and bogs in the northwestern part of Western Siberia is considered by using the Kazym-Lyamin interfluve, based on the landscape-assessment map for the middle part of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District. The study used the landscape structural-dynamical approach and the methods of studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of taiga geosystems. Theoretical and methodological research on the development of the landscape-assessment map for Asian Russia is high on the cartographic agenda of the V. B. Sochava Institute of geography SB RAS. The methodic research is to be used to Landsat-5 TM in GIS Multi-Spec and Qgis. An analysis is also made of the topographic, geomorphologic and forest 1:200,000 maps, the profiles characterize the lithology, field data of geobotanical and soil descriptions, and experimental permanent station operated. The landscape structure of this area and its hierarchical subordination are represented in the map legend in terms of groups of facies which are combined into regional-typological classification units: groups of geoms, classes, and types of natural environment. Landscape mapping and planning will help to timely prevent and forecast the magnitudes of disturbances to natural environment using and be as the basis for a package of optimal nature-conservation measures and target-oriented technogenic and anthropogenic impacts.

Soil-water-security Systems of Agriculture and Adaptation to Changes of Climate

In article the expediency of application of methods of protection soils from erosion and in general principles of the antierosion organization of territory of land tenure for adaptation of territories to changes of a climate is considered.The expediency of updating of these methods in connection with new results of supervision for runoff on slopes and the new purposes of their application is shown.In particular,it is shown,that antierosion constructions need to be placed above a place of concentration of a runoff,instead of on it as the probability of destruction of a construction in this place is great.Application the soil-water-security systems of agriculture provides regulation of a microclimate of territory(reduction of warming up of a surface),allows to lower peak of a high water from downpours,translating a part of a superficial runoff in intrasoil and underground and to these to prevent losses from them including loss of a fertile layer of soils,saturation by a moisture of a zone of aeration favorably influences development of forest vegetation and agricultural crops.

Spatial pattern and developing mechanism of railway geo-systems based on track gauge:A case study of Eurasia

The railway is an indispensable feature of a nation’s infrastructure,and the gauge isan internal and objective technical regulation of the railway.In the large-scale regional space,the track gauges reflect the development differences,historical relations and mutual influencesbetween countries and regions.This makes the railway,originally as a regional connection,have special social,political,military and other multiple attributes.Based on this,thepaper,from the perspective of railway gauge,takes the Eurasian continent as the case regionto explore the spatial pattern,formation mechanism and organizational mode of communicationof the Eurasian continental railway geo-system.The results show that 11 kinds of railwaygauge structures exist in Eurasia,which respectively belong to three types of wide-gauge,standard-gauge,and narrow-gauge,but the mainstream gauge only includes 1520 mm,1435mm and 1067 mm.Considerable variation in the coverage length and space range of differentgauges is apparent,which provides a physical and technological basis for railway systemdifferentiation and network fragmentation,which leads to the formation of eight railwaygeo-systems.Due to different modes for railway transport management in different geographicallocations,the geographical pattern and geographical relationship of four transportorganizations are formed.What especially important is the emergence of“1435 gauge space”and“1520 gauge space”,as well as the railway geo-space confrontation between them,onthe Eurasian continent.Besides,we also find that the railway geo-system of Eurasia is mainlyaffected by the technology dissemination,path dependence,geopolitics,national defenseand the colonial expansion of military latitude,and on this basis,five geo-modes of railwaygauge propagation are formed.