基于GESTALT心理学的开放校园交通稳静化设计方法

为缓解城市道路交通压力,开放封闭式校园逐渐成为公众关注的热点.但无规划地开放校园在为市民出行带来便利的同时,也给校园内部带来了安全隐患、噪声污染、空气污染等严重不良影响.针对上述问题,研究分析了大学校园的空间规模和交通出行特征,提出了校园分区、道路分类方法,并结合GESTALT心理学中有机体行为受行为环境调节的理论,研究了不同校园道路交通稳静化设计方法.拟开放武汉理工大学余家头校区进行实证分析,以速度平稳性为评价指标,验证了方法的有效性.

一种基于Gestalt原理的多连通分量形状外包络提取方法

图形识别领域的学者们正在将研究重点从简单图形转向复杂图形,其中,由多个独立图元(该文中称为连通分量)组合成的外轮廓对于复杂图形的整体分析起着至关重要的作用.该文提出了一种针对多连通分量形状提取整体外轮廓(即外包络)的方法.该方法基于德劳内三角剖分(Delaunay Triangulation),根据Gestalt原理,通过对轮廓片段的凹度和连通分量之间松散度的分析,构造了紧致的外包络,特别是针对断口情况,即由于明显内凹或间隙过大造成的视觉缺失,提出了一种基于平滑曲线对接的恢复方法,最终得到了更符合人类视觉感知的外轮廓.实验对象选自MPEG-7图形库,实验结果表明了该文方法在提取复杂图形外轮廓方面的有效性.

基于Gestalt优化的红外视频时空显著性检测

针对红外视频时空显著性检测问题,提出一种基于Gestalt优化的方法。设计基于多尺度局部稀疏表示和局部对比度测量的方法计算红外视频的空间显著性;为提取视频中显著性目标的运动信息,设计基于多帧对称差分的算法计算时间显著性;为得到初始时空显著图,设计基于交互一致性的融合策略将空间显著图和时间显著图进行自适应融合;提出基于Gestalt优化的最终时空显著图计算方法。实验结果表明,提出算法能有效检测红外视频的时空显著性。

Study on the Application of Gestalt Theory in CLT

CLT is an activity of aesthetic representation,in which the translators undertake analysis,synthesis,and reconstruction of the aesthetic qualities inherent in the original work until the representation of these aesthetic qualities is achieved.Gestalt theory could help the translator to represent aesthetic qualities of the source text in the target text in CLT.

基于Gestalt视觉心理学和最小F-范数的图像显著区域检测和分割

根据Gestalt视觉心理学说,提出了一种新的图像显著区域检测方法。通过不同程度降低双对立颜色或亮度的特征图像对比度来抑制图像中次要特征对应的区域,增强主要特征对应的显著性区域;通过矩阵的最小F-范数确定符合Gestalt视觉心理学的特征图像的合成方案,并利用Gestalt视觉心理学的核心理论来检验和自适应修改组合方案,得到最佳的显著图;利用Otsu法对显著图像进行二值化操作来完成图像的分割。实验结果表明,算法可以从复杂的自然彩色图像中较为完整地提取并分割显著目标,实验结果与MSRA数据库手工分割结果相一致,在满足实时性需求的基础上能比传统方法更加准确、完整地提取图像的显著性区域。

基于Gestalt原则的汉字注记配置规则与形式化表达研究

以汉字注记配置规则为研究对象,借助Gestalt原则,从读图者心理认知的角度对以往的经验型注记配置规则从接近性、连续性、相似性以及共同性四个方面进行分析和解释,在此基础上,使用形式化表达方法对这四个方面进行了定量描述。采用这种方式,不仅能够尽量减少各种因素对地图图解质量的不利影响,而且能为今后汉字注记自动配置知识的形式化、科学化、系统化表达提供基础。

Achieving the Visual Perception and Gestalt Psychology in Sultan Hassan Mosque Building

The gestalt principles are perception and what is visually communicated by objects. These principles describe the visual language within which we work. Understanding how a designer realizes things visually will help designers communicate better. Many designers use Gestalt principles to have a structure visual stimulus, so as to create interfaces that are easy for users to understand. Because the understanding of visual perception is a critical item in any designer’s toolkit. Islamic heritage buildings also contain many architectural values, especially the Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo. Through this paper, we will verify the use of gestalt principles of visual perception in the building design. Because the psychological organization of the design, achieves the understanding and awareness of the current relationships between the elements, depending on the extent of regularity, accuracy, and consistency of the design elements. This makes us recognize the esthetic values of Sultan Hassan’s building and mosque. The visual delight we get from architecture begins with how we perceive it. So, in order to understand how visual delight arises, we must first understand how we perceive and interpret visual stimuli. Especially since the principles of gestalt confirm that the human brain tends to make tricks and illusions. Therefore, we found the mosque designer had exploited this fact during the design process, to exclude any possibility of the resulting misunderstanding. The designer achieved the psychological preparation of the visitor by using some principles of visual perception of the Gestalt theory, such as growth, continuity, and hierarchy.

顾及Gestalt邻近与简化原则的平面点集形状重建

针对经典Delaunay三角网平面点集形状重构方法存在的经验参数确定和容易出现不符合实际情况的碎洞问题,提出了一种顾及Gestalt邻近与简化原则的Delaunay三角网平面点集形状重构的算法SRGT。首先根据邻近性原则,采用双极差粗差探测技术来识别和定位Delaunay三角网中的极长边,逐步细化三角网中的内外边界;然后基于简化性原则,将形状重构的碎洞优化转化为粗差探测问题,并利用3σ粗差探测原则来实现碎洞的剔除。采用模拟与真实数据验证了本文算法的有效性。与4种经典算法(α-shape、χ-shape、边长比约束法以及■RGG)进行对照试验,表明本文算法的优越性。模拟数据表明SRGT在面状点集为均匀或随机分布时,无须设置先验参数即可有效提取复杂形状的内外边界,并且L2误差范数值明显低于其余4种方法。真实案例的试验结果也表明本文算法在工程实践中具有良好应用效果。

Accuracy of gestalt perception of acute chest pain in predicting coronary artery disease

AIM To test accuracy and reproducibility of gestalt to predict obstructive coronary artery disease(CAD)in patients with acute chest pain.METHODS We studied individuals who were consecutively admitted to our Chest Pain Unit.At admission,investigators performed a standardized interview and recorded14 chest pain features.Based on these features,a cardiologist who was blind to other clinical characteristics made unstructured judgment of CAD probability,both numerically and categorically.As the reference standard for testing the accuracy of gestalt,angiography was required to rule-in CAD,while either angiography or non-invasive test could be used to rule-out.In order to assess reproducibility,a second cardiologist did the same procedure.RESULTS In a sample of 330 patients,the prevalence of obstructive CAD was 48%.Gestalt’s numerical probability was associated with CAD,but the area under the curve of0.61(95%CI:0.55-0.67)indicated low level of accuracy.Accordingly,categorical definition of typical chest pain had a sensitivity of 48%(95%CI:40%-55%)and specificity of 66%(95%CI:59%-73%),yielding a negligible positive likelihood ratio of 1.4(95%CI:0.65-2.0)and negative likelihood ratio of 0.79(95%CI:0.62-1.02).Agreement between the two cardiologists was poor in the numerical classification(95%limits of agreement=-71%to 51%)and categorical definition of typical pain(Kappa=0.29;95%CI:0.21-0.37).CONCLUSION Clinical judgment based on a combination of chest pain features is neither accurate nor reproducible in predicting obstructive CAD in the acute setting.

The Gestalt Function of Landscape Building in Terrain Environment

The outstanding value of landscape building is mainly reflected in the isomorphic relationship with the environment.If properly placed,it can play a key role in the natural landscape,which puts forward higher requirements for the site selection,modeling,volume and material selection of buildings.As a prerequisite,site selection is more demanding.Based on the previous studies of geomancy,the author summed up four types of site selection:gathering potential,blocking pass,bundle vein and acupoint from the isomorphic relationship between the landscape building and terrain in Wuling Area,analyzed its gestalt function and ecological ethics from the perspective of Gestalt psychology and ecological perception theory,explored the fit between the traditional Fengshui regulations and the Gestalt theory,and further revealed the influence of the accumulated genetic function of local living experience and survival wisdom on people’s deep psychological structure.

An Investigation on Effectiveness of Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test in Diagnosis of Visual-Spatial Disorganizations among Selected Psychotic Patients

Screening patients for psychotic features can pose a problem when using verbal based tests. Establishment of validity of non-verbal psychotic screening scale can enhance diagnostic specificity and address challenges associated with verbal based tests. The goal of this study is to check whether Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test-II will serve as a diagnostic specific tool for distinguishing between psychotic patients and healthy population. A total of 40 participants 22 males and 18 females were employed in the study. They were made of 10 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, another 10 with depressions associated with psychotic features, 10 with substance/medication induced disorders and 10 healthy adults as the control. Their ages ranged from 20 - 65 with a mean age of 35.70 and standard deviation of 6.04. The healthy control group was staff of the hospital that was comparable to the patients in terms of age, gender and studies. All participants available who met the inclusive criteria who were willing to participate were selected. The instruments were (BVMGT-II) and (WHODAS 2.0). The design of the study was between group designs and One Way ANOVA was employed for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that BVMGT-II discriminated between patients with psychotic disorder and healthy population. It is recommended that BVMGT-II should be employed as screening instrument by the clinical/neuropsychologists in clinical psychological assessment for distinguishing psychotic patients from healthy population.

Vocabulary Teaching in College English Based on the Wholeness Principle of Gestalt Theory

Vocabulary teaching is always a difficulty to English teachers while learners have found the task of accumulating vocabulary time-consuming,boring,and ineffective.This paper intends to explain vocabulary teaching and learning based on the wholeness principle of Gestalt Theory,which emphasizes the wholeness of experience and behaviors.It points out that without an organic whole,the learning process will be incomplete and ineffective.The process of learning is not the accumulation of piecemeal examination of the isolated elements.It is anticipated that the efficiency of classroom teaching and learning can be improved.

Folk Gestalt --Research on the Cultural Philosophy of the Folk Revival in The Book of Songs

Visual perception is researched both in psychology and in the aesthetic field,and understanding of the principle of visual perception is important for the aesthetic mechanism. T his paper explains the Gestalt psychology from the perspective of the fu,bi and xing of T he Book of Songs,illustrating the cognitive rules and characteristics of visual perception as w ell as the processing and understanding mode of the brain w hen visual information enters.Besides,this paper emphasizes the basic principle of gestalt and how to use the principle of visual perception. Based on the research by Z hou Z henhao,this paper attempts to explore the coding of the visual elements such as fu,bi and xing inT he Book of Songs,w hich can be treated as the element task for researching the cultural psychology in C hina.

非连通空间对象方向关系表达与推理

为了弥补现有的二维空间对象方向关系表达模型大都利用点、最小外包矩形等近似地代替空间对象,距离真实空间对象间方向关系的描述与推理仍存在差距的不足,提出了一种基于Voronoi图的非连通空间对象方向关系表达模型。该模型借助Gestalt心理学理论,通过提取非连通空间对象的特征点、特征链,构建空间对象间的可视区域,生成方向关系Voronoi图,实现了非连通、含洞的参考对象与目标对象间方向关系的表达。该模型较好地顾及了空间对象形状、大小等因素带来的影响,表达精度更高、适用范围更广。为了提高复杂空间对象方向关系复合推理的精度,基于该模型提出了一个非连通对象间主方向关系复合推理算法。该算法借助Tile-union运算和Pr运算,实现了该模型下基本主方向关系的复合推理,降低推理结果的不确定性。分析和验证的结果表明,提出的非连通空间对象方向关系模型及复合推理算法,提高了表达与推理的精度,完善和提高了对复杂空间对象方位关系的分析与处理能力。

《文心雕龙》格式塔意象翻译研究——以施友忠英译本为例

《文心雕龙》格式塔意象在构建和传达文学理论方面发挥着重要作用,它们来源于作者认知世界中的意义载体或心理映射,与英文格式塔意象存在着巨大差异。如何再造译文格式塔意象是译者无法推卸的责任。施友忠分别采用等效移用、变异增益、融通新创的翻译策略建构译文格式塔意象,而支撑这些翻译策略的是译者认知、读者认知和混合认知三种翻译路径。三种翻译路径作为文论逻辑建构的网络节点,充当了认知开关的按钮,激发了读者关于意象的语义联想,疏通了读者关于文论思想的解读通道,拓展了译文可理解和接受的空间,也为《文心雕龙》在异域文化语境的传播与接受打下了坚实的基础。

格式塔感知规律在SAR图像中的有效性初探

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像是当前微波视觉研究领域的重要数据源。计算机视觉以光学视觉规律为理论基础,无法有效解译SAR图像。因此,借鉴人类视觉感知规律和计算机视觉技术,并融合电磁物理规律的微波视觉成为当前微波遥感领域的一个重要研究方向。探索微波视觉的认知基础对于完善微波视觉理论体系至关重要。该文旨在探讨光学感知规律在微波视觉中的有效性,作为完善微波视觉理论的基础尝试。格式塔感知规律是一类经典的视觉理论,常用于描述人类视觉系统对外部光学世界的感知规律,是计算机视觉的认知理论基础之一。在此背景下,该文以SAR图像为研究对象,借鉴认知心理学实验的设计流程,对格式塔感知规律中的感知组合律和感知不变律在SAR图像中的有效性进行初步研究,探索微波视觉的认知基础。实验结果表明,格式塔感知规律不能够直接应用到SAR图像的算法设计中,人类视觉系统从光学世界中总结出的知识概念、视觉规律在SAR图像中表现不佳,未来需要针对SAR图像等微波图像的特点总结相应的微波视觉认知规律。

顾及Gestalt认知效应的线性岛屿模式识别

从岛屿分布的邻近性、延展性、紧凑性、直线性等特征出发,提出了线性岛屿结构识别的新方法。首先,以Delaunay三角网为空间分析工具,计算岛屿群空间邻近关系,生成空间邻近图;然后,在空间邻近图的基础上生成MST图;最后,利用Gestalt原则对线性阵列结构的识别效应,在MST上通过3次剪枝导出线性岛屿结构。实验结果表明,该方法能够识别出具有明显线性岛屿结构的目标集,与肉眼视觉识别基本一致。

健康教育图文册的构建及在食管癌患者术后康复护理的应用

目的基于知识可视化构建健康教育图文册,并探讨其用于食管癌患者术后康复护理的效果。方法将116例食管癌手术患者按照入院时间顺序分组,试验组58例,采用由研究团队基于知识可视化构建的健康教育图文册进行术后健康教育;对照组58例,实施常规健康教育。出院时评价两组自我护理能力、恐惧疾病进展、术后康复指标及患者满意度。结果试验组自我护理能力总分显著高于对照组,疾病进展恐惧总分显著低于对照组,术后胸腔引流管留置时间、胃管留置时间显著短于对照组,患者满意度得分显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论将健康教育图文册应用于食管癌术后患者,可提升患者自我护理能力及满意度,改善疾病恐惧水平,促进食管癌术后患者术后康复。

格式塔原则下的建筑群空间分布智能理解

在格式塔原则下对建筑群进行聚类是计算机理解建筑群空间分布特征并实现地图自动综合的基础.在格式塔原则约束下,首先,利用最小生成树的阈值聚类及参数聚类,实现了对集中和分散均匀排列建筑群空间分布特征的挖掘,并利用C_(v)^(-)值定量评价了挖掘质量;其次,提出了阈值聚类和参数聚类的异同,以及阈值聚类具有局限性的原因;最后,根据建筑物语义特征获得最终聚类结果.试验表明:1)传统的MST阈值聚类不能维持分散均匀排列建筑群的空间分布特征;2)MST参数聚类的适应性要高于阈值聚类,更加符合人类的视觉认知.该方法更有助于提高计算机对建筑群空间分布的智能理解能力.