Uterine epithelioid trophoblastic tumor with the main manifestation of increased human chorionic gonadotropin:A case report

BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT)is an extremely rare malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasm commonly presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding,abdominal pain,and increased human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG).This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG.CASE SUMMARY A 39-year-old female was referred to the Ningbo Maternal and Child Hospital of China in December 2022,complaining of increased hCG levels for 1 month.Magnetic resonance imaging revealed gestational trophoblastic tumor,and hysteroscopic electrotomy and curettage of intrauterine hyperplasia were performed.The patient was diagnosed with uterine ETT through postoperative pathological examination and immunohistochemical results.Total laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy were performed,and hCG levels returned to normal.The patient was without recurrence during the postoperative 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This study reported a case of uterine ETT with the main manifestation being increased hCG,highlighting that ETT should be considered in the presence of abnormal hCG.A total laparoscopic hysterectomy is recommended.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE MALIGNANT GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC TUMOR WITH PULMONARY METASTASIS COMPLICATED WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Objective. To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment for malignant gestational trophoblastic tumor(MGTT) with pulmonary metastasis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods. To analyze ten cases of MGTT with pulmonary metastasis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital from 1980 to 1997 retrospectively. Results.From the x ray film, there are great resemblances between MGTT with pulmonary metastasis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Of 10 patients, 7 of them were examined out pulmonary tuberculosis during the chemotherapy of MGTT. Pulmonary tuberculosis appeared six months before chemotherapy in three cases. All of the patients were treated with multiagent chemotherapy. Seven patients achiceved a complete remission, 2 patients developed drug resistance and died of cerebral haemorrhage and cerebral herniation, 1 woman who had achieved a complete remission from MGTT for 14 months died of miliary tuberculosis. Conclusion. It is very important to make differential diagnosis of the MGTT with pulmonary metastasis complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. Trying to avoid excessive anti tumor treatment owing to mistake pulmonary tuberculosis for pulmonary metastasis, and avoiding missing an opportunity of anti tuberculosis treatment because of missed diagnosis should be emphasized.

EMA/CO Regimen Chemotherapy for Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, vincristine and cyclophosphamide (EMA/CO) therapy for gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT). Methods Medical records of all patients with low risk, middle risk and high risk GTT receiving EMA/CO regimen chemotherapy were analyzed retrospectively. Results\ Twenty one low risk and fourteen middle risk GTT received EMA/CO with 100% remission, six patients with high risk GTT received EMA/CO with 83% complete response and with 17% partial response; Gastrointestinal, hematologic and hepatic toxicity, as well as shed of hair is predictable, mild and reversible. Conclusion\ At present EMA/CO chemotherapy is the choice of our treatment for patients with high, middle and low risk GTT.\;

A rare cause for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: Placental site trophoblastic tumor

Placental site trophoblastic tumor is a rare sub-group of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. There is a wide clinical spectrum of presentation and behaviour ranging from a benign condition to an aggressive disease with a fatal outcome. We report a case of placental site trophoblastic tumor in 23-year-old women with irregular vaginal bleeding during postpartum lactation period. In addition to persistent low level β-hCG titers, ultrasound examination revealed a suspicious low-echoic area in the myometrium consistent with gestational trophoblastic disease. After histopathological examination of the specimen achieved by ultrasound-guided dilatation and curettage of the uterus, the placental site trophoblastic tumor diagnosis was made and subsequently total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery, and no recurrence was detected for 40 months in the follow-up period.

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor of the lower uterine segment and cervical canal:A case report

BACKGROUND Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(ETT) is the rarest type of gestational trophoblastic tumor(GTT). It has been reported that more than 50% of ETTs arise in the uterine cervix or the lower uterine segment. Here, we report a case of ETT within the lower uterine segment and cervical canal and discuss its manifestations,possible causes, and related influencing factors.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman(gravida 7, miscarriage 3, induction 2 with 1 being twins,para 2 of cesarean section, live 2), who had amenorrhea for 9 mo after breastfeeding for 22 mo after the last cesarean section, was diagnosed with ETT. The lesion was present in the lower uterine segment and endocervical canal with severe involvement of the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment and the front wall of the lower uterine segment where the cesarean incisions were made.Laboratory tests showed slight elevation of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin. Intraoperative exploration showed the presence of a normal-sized uterus body with an enlarged tumor in the lower uterine segment. The surface of the lower uterine segment was light blue, the entire lesion was approximately about 8cm × 8 cm × 9 cm, with compression and displacement of the surrounding tissue.Histological examination diagnosed ETT. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive expression of p63, with a Ki-67 proliferation index of 40%.CONCLUSION A search of the PubMed database using the search terms "cesarean section" and "epithelioid trophoblastic tumor" retrieved nine articles, including 13 cases of ETT and ETT-related lesions, all 13 cases had a history of cesarean section, and the lesions were all located at the cesarean section incision on the anterior wall of the lower uterine segment. The present case is the 14th reported case of ETT after cesarean section. Therefore, we deduced that cesarean section trauma had an important effect on the occurrence of ETT at this site.

Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia worldwide

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia(GTN) is a rare tumor that originates from pregnancy that includes invasive mole, choriocarcinoma(CCA), placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor(PSTT/ETT). GTN presents different degrees of proliferation, invasion and dissemination, but, if treated in reference centers, has high cure rates, even in multi-metastatic cases.The diagnosis of GTN following a hydatidiform molar pregnancy is made according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)2000 criteria: four or more plateaued human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)concentrations over three weeks; rise in hCG for three consecutive weekly measurements over at least a period of 2 weeks or more; and an elevated but falling hCG concentrations six or more months after molar evacuation. However,the latter reason for treatment is no longer used by many centers. In addition,GTN is diagnosed with a pathological diagnosis of CCA or PSTT/ETT. For staging after a molar pregnancy, FIGO recommends pelvic-transvaginal Doppler ultrasound and chest X-ray. In cases of pulmonary metastases with more than 1cm, the screening should be complemented with chest computed tomography and brain magnetic resonance image. Single agent chemotherapy, usually Methotrexate(MTX) or Actinomycin-D(Act-D), can cure about 70% of patients with FIGO/World Health Organization(WHO) prognosis risk score ≤ 6(low risk), reserving multiple agent chemotherapy, such as EMA/CO(Etoposide,MTX, Act-D, Cyclophosphamide and Oncovin) for cases with FIGO/WHO prognosis risk score ≥ 7(high risk) that is often metastatic. Best overall cure rates for low and high risk disease is close to 100% and > 95%, respectively. The management of PSTT/ETT differs and cure rates tend to be a bit lower. The early diagnosis of this disease and the appropriate treatment avoid maternal death,allow the healing and maintenance of the reproductive potential of these women.

Metastasia Lesion of Gestation Trophoblastic Tumor in Abdominopelvic Cavity Diagnosed by Sonographic and Doppler Imaging

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review clinical data of metastasia lesion of gestation trophoblastic tumor (GTT) in abdominopelvic cavity by color Doppler ultrasound. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 13 cases of GTT in China was performed. Clinical appearances, serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, sonographic findings, Doppler waveforms, and patient outcomes were followed up. Color Doppler ultrasound was performed to diagnose the presence of GTT, detect metastasia lesion in abdominopelvic cavity, assess disease recurrence, and monitor the efficacy of chemotherapy. Results: Of the 13 patients with GTT, 4 had choriocarcinoma which 3 cases occurred after an abortion, 1 after a year of dilation and suction evacuation for the hydatidform mole. Metastasia lesion in abdominopelvic cavity was detected by color Doppler ultrasound in all cases of choriocarcinoma, among which the metastasia lesion were found at uterine fundus, near uterus, colon and cystic vascular space near the uterus, repectively. 9 cases with an invasive hydatidiforn mole (IHM) occurred after one to three months of dilation and suction evacuation for the hydatidform mole, consistant with the hCG levels markedly elevating. Metastasia lesion in abdominopelvic cavity was also detected by color Doppler ultrasound besides invasive lesion in uterine muscular layer in all cases of IHM, among which 3 cases showed metastasia lesion in cystic vascular space near the uterus, 2 cases were detected in side wall of pelvic cavity, while the rest were found in abdominal cavity, right kidney, colon and near uterus, respectively. Meanwhile, the image of metastasia lesion with IHM was similar to choriocarcinoma’s. And the reticular structure, the cystic vascular space and solid lesion may be showed by ultrasound. The metastasia lesion had abundant flow. Doppler waveforms showed resistive indices of 0.34 (SD 0.07) for metastasia lesion. There was the same lower-impedance as invasive lesion in uterine muscular layer. Except an IHM with the renal metastasia lesion having been followed, abnormal sonographic and Doppler findings in other metastasia disease all disappeared after surgical operation or chemotherapy were successful. Conclusions: Sonography and Doppler imaging were helpful in detecting metastasia lesion in abdominopelvic cavity, and in following the effectiveness of chemotherapy. And it should be taken full examination for GTT by Color Doppler ultrasound in order to avoid mistake.

低凋亡指数与高端粒酶活性的葡萄胎与GTT关系的研究

目的研究葡萄胎的凋亡指数及端粒酶活性与妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的相关关系。方法对142例葡萄胎及8例妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤采用S-P法及Evision法检测PCNA、P53、Ki-67、FADD、端粒酶活性的表达。结果 142例葡萄胎中PCNA阳性率为14.08%(20/142)、P53 5.63%(8/142)、Ki-67阳性率5.63%(8/142)、FADD 59.15%(84/142)、端粒酶阳性率10.56%(15/142)。5例侵袭性葡萄胎中PCNA阳性率80%(4/5)、Ki-67阳性率80%(4/5)、P53阳性率100%(5/5)、FADD阳性率0%(0/5)、端粒酶阳性率100%(5/5)。3例绒毛膜癌中PCNA阳性率100%(3/3)、P53阳性率100%(3/3)、Ki-67阳性率100%(3/3)、FADD阳性率33.3%(1/3)、端粒酶阳性率66.7%(2/3)。结论低凋亡指数与高端粒酶活性的葡萄胎可能是发展为妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的高危因素。端粒酶的激活能够促进细胞增殖和恶性进展,抑制端粒酶活性能够起到抑制细胞增殖的作用。

1例子宫剖宫产瘢痕部位侵袭性葡萄胎病例的报道分析并文献复习

子宫剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠是剖宫产的一个潜在并发症,近年来其发生率愈见增高。而剖宫产瘢痕部位妊娠滋养细胞疾病则是与剖宫产瘢痕妊娠相关的一种特殊疾病,其诊断和治疗方面国内外现缺乏明确的指南。本文结合相关文献就烟台毓璜顶医院妇科收治的1例子宫剖宫产瘢痕部位侵袭性葡萄胎病例的诊治过程进行讨论,认为剖宫产瘢痕部位的侵袭性葡萄胎是一种特殊部位的妇科恶性肿瘤,常不易诊断,确诊后应尽早进行治疗。

氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷单药、联合方案治疗妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者的疗效

目的探讨氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(floxuridine,FUDR)单药、联合方案治疗妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者的疗效。方法对1999年4月～2002年12月本院74例妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者采用FUDR单药、联合方案化疗,其中侵袭性葡萄胎47例,绒癌27例;Ⅰ期33例,Ⅱ期3例,Ⅲa期31例,Ⅲb期6例,Ⅳ期1例。21例系对5-FU或MTX单药、联合方案出现耐药后而改用FUDR单药、联合方案患者。结果74例患者中,通过FUDR单药、联合方案获治愈68例(91.9%),其中21例对5-FU或MTX单药、联合方案耐药而改用FUDR单药、联合方案的患者均获完全缓解,7例Ⅲb期以上的晚期患者亦均获治愈。FUDR单药、联合方案的主要副反应为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ度粒细胞减少占26%,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板减少占6.2%,Ⅲ度恶心呕吐占57.1%,Ⅲ度腹泻占4.3%。结论FUDR单药、联合方案治疗妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤可达满意的临床效果,对其他药物耐药或晚期病例也可获得满意的疗效。

超选择动脉栓塞术在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤治疗中的价值

目的探讨超选择动脉栓塞术在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤治疗中的价值。方法 1999年1月至2009年12月超选择动脉栓塞治疗妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者86例,包括急性大出血34例和病灶内存在严重动静脉瘘52例。所有患者均接受了全身静脉化疗。结果 34例急性大出血患者接受超选择动脉栓塞后出血均得到有效控制,其中2例分别于栓塞后3、5d出血复发,经第2次栓塞后好转。52例患者存在严重子宫动静脉瘘,栓塞后造影显示动静脉瘘消失,化疗周期内未发生严重出血事件。本组86例患者中84例获随访,79例仍存活,生存率为91.9%。全组完全缓解71例(82.6%),部分缓解8例(9.3%),死亡5例(5.8%)。结论超选择动脉栓塞术可有效治疗和预防滋养细胞肿瘤原发灶或转移瘤大出血,对全身静脉化疗起到了很好的辅助作用。

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤肝转移的诊断和处理

目的 评估对滋养细胞肿瘤肝转移患者的治疗方法及其临床预后。方法 回顾性分析 1985～ 1998年收治的滋养细胞肿瘤肝转移患者 16例。所有患者均接受以 5 -氟尿嘧啶 (5 - FU)为主的联合化疗或 EMA/ CO(氨甲蝶呤、更生霉素、足叶乙甙 /长春新碱、环磷酰胺 )化疗 ,其中 8例进行选择性肝动脉插管局部灌注化疗 ,通过监测血β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (β- HCG)水平 ,超声及 CT等检查判断治疗效果。结果 16例患者经以上治疗 4例完全缓解 ,2例血生化指标缓解带瘤存活 ,10例死亡 ,存活率为 37.5 % (6 / 16 )。结论 滋养细胞肿瘤肝转移预后较差。早期诊断与及时的多药、多途径联合化疗是改善其治疗效果的重要环节。

血管生成素在妊娠滋养细胞疾病中表达的临床意义探讨

目的:通过检测血管生成素(ANG)在人正常早孕绒毛组织、葡萄胎及妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤中表达的差异性,探讨ANG在妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)表达的意义。方法:采用免疫组化(En Vision)法检测人正常早孕绒毛组织28例、葡萄胎组织26例、妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤组织14例(其中侵蚀性葡萄胎1例、绒毛膜癌12例、胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤1例)中ANG蛋白的表达以及定位情况。结果:ANG蛋白在人正常早孕绒毛组织、葡萄胎及妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤组织中均有表达且主要定位于细胞质和细胞膜、少量表达于细胞核;ANG阳性表达率葡萄胎组(100.0%)高于正常早孕绒毛组(60.7%)(P<0.05)和妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤组(85.7%)(P<0.05),妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤组高于正常早孕绒毛组(P<0.05)。在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤中,ANG阳性表达率在年龄≥40岁组(83.3%)高于年龄<40岁组(75.0%)(P<0.05);临床分期晚期组(Ⅲ、Ⅳ期)(88.9%)高于早期组(Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期)(80.0%)(P<0.05);FIGO预后评分高危组(87.5%)高于低危组(83.3%)(P<0.05)。结论:ANG在GTD组织中的表达明显高于在正常早孕绒毛组织,且在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤晚期、高危患者表达增高,表明ANG的过表达可能参与了GTD的发生过程。

甲氨蝶呤单药治疗低危妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的疗效

目的探讨甲氨蝶呤(MTX)单药治疗低危妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的疗效和安全性。方法本院1999年10月～2002年9月共37例低危妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者接受MTX单药治疗,收集其临床资料,并统计患者年龄、临床分期、WHO评分、先前妊娠、治疗前血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)水平、达到完全缓解所需要的化疗疗程和治疗期间毒副反应。结果37例患者共接受137疗程MTX单药化疗,34例达到完全缓解,完全缓解率91.9%。37例患者中29例接受MTX单药多疗程化疗,平均疗程4.4个,完全缓解26例,完全缓解率89.7%;其中Ⅰ期患者19例,均达完全缓解,完全缓解率100%;Ⅲ期患者10例,达完全缓解7例,完全缓解率70.0%,两者比较有显著性差异(P=0.03)。8例计划给予MTX单药单疗程化疗患者,7例达到完全缓解,1例Ⅲ期患者追加1疗程MTX后达完全缓解。137疗程出现严重毒副反应7疗程,其发生率5.1%。经随访仅1例单疗程化疗患者在化疗结束后6个月复发,完全缓解后复发率2.7%。结论MTX单药治疗低危妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤是安全、有效的,部分患者仅单疗程化疗即可达完全缓解。

妊娠滋养细胞疾病的MRI诊断及病理对照

目的:探讨妊娠滋养细胞疾病(GTD)的MRI表现及与病理改变的相关性,旨在提高对本病的认识。方法:回顾性分析21例妊娠滋养细胞疾病患者的MRI表现、病理资料、手术所见及临床资料。结果:21例中葡萄胎9例,主要MRI表现为子宫体积增大,宫腔内有葡萄状或蜂窝状囊泡影,病变包膜完整;其中8例行增强扫描,显示囊泡无明显强化,7例囊泡间分隔较均匀强化,1例分隔强化欠均匀。侵袭性葡萄胎及绒毛膜癌各6例,MRI检查示宫体扩大,腔内蜂窝状或囊实性异常信号影,分隔杂乱;包膜不完整,侵犯肌层;3例合并病变内出血;12例宫腔内或肌层内血管增粗、增多;11例子宫周围血管增多、纡曲;其中5例行增强扫描,显示肿瘤内分隔及实性部分强化,囊性部分无明显强化,2例病变内有片状强化。结论:妊娠滋养细胞疾病的MRI表现具有一定特征性,MRI能较好地显示病变的内部结构、明确肿瘤范围,结合临床病史及实验室检查可以作出诊断,并可在早期提示病变的良恶性,从而指导临床制订治疗方案。

妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤子宫病灶彩色多普勒血流显像动态观察

目的 :探讨化疗前后妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤 (GTT)血流动力学变化。方法 :利用彩色多普勒血流显像图 (CDBFI)动态检测 18例 GTT患者化疗前及每疗程化疗后子宫动脉 ,病灶内血流指数 ,并选取同期 2 0例非孕正常妇女子宫动脉阻力指数作为对照。结果 :GTT患者化疗前子宫动脉及病灶内血流呈现低阻状态 ;化疗后随 h CG的下降 ,CDBFI示整个血流逐渐减少 ,病灶内血流丰富区范围缩小 ,子宫动脉及病灶内血流参数逐渐恢复正常。化疗前和 1～ 3疗程化疗后子宫动脉处 RI明显低于正常非孕妇女 (P<0 .0 1) ,4疗程化疗后子宫动脉 RI与正常非孕妇女相近。结论 :彩色多普勒血流显像图检查对妊娠滋养叶肿瘤的诊断有帮助 ,通过动态观察可间接估价患者对化疗的敏感性。

EMA/CO方案治疗妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤65例临床分析

目的:探讨EMA/CO方案在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(GTT)中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析总结了65例GTT患者应用EMA/CO方案化疗的使用指征、疗效和副反应。结果:EMA/CO方案在治疗GTT中效果肯定,总效率可达94.9%,且无严重的化疗副反应。结论:EMA/CO方案作为Ⅲ期和Ⅲ期以上、高危组以及有过不正规化疗患者的一线化疗方案,效果肯定,副反应轻,临床有一定的使用价值。

妊娠滋养细胞疾病与“二胎”妊娠

随着"二胎"政策全面实施,瘢痕子宫、高龄产妇带来了很多妇科和产科的难题。在重视和应对产科挑战的同时,我们应该同样重视"二胎"妊娠带来的妇科问题,其中葡萄胎发病率升高,可能继发妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤,及妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者治疗后的二胎问题,都是目前关注的热点。本文围绕妊娠滋养细胞疾病与"二胎"妊娠的问题,阐述了年龄与妊娠滋养细胞疾病发生发展的关系,化疗对妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤患者卵巢功能的影响,化疗过程中卵巢功能的保护,及治疗后再次妊娠的时机及预后等问题。

经导管超选择性动脉栓塞治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤大出血

目的评价经导管超选择性动脉栓塞治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤大出血的疗效及安全性。方法自1994年1月至2009年12月,共80例患者因恶性滋养细胞肿瘤大出血接受经导管超选择性动脉栓塞术治疗,其中侵蚀性葡萄胎18例,绒毛膜癌59例,胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤3例。出血部位包括子宫58例,阴道14例,盆腔2例,膀胱2例,肝脏3例和直肠1例。根据临床诊断及血管造影表现栓塞出血动脉,栓塞材料采用明胶海绵、弹簧圈及聚乙烯醇颗粒。术后随访3至120个月(平均30个月)。结果全部患者超选择性动脉插管均获成功,60例(75.0%)造影见出血阳性征象。73例患者(91.3%)出血成功控制,1例患者(1.3%)术后第3天因多器官衰竭死亡,6例患者(7.5%)再次出血,经手术治疗。动脉栓塞术后不良反应包括一过性躯体疼痛30例(37.5%)和发热45例(56.3%)。结论经导管超选择性动脉栓塞治疗恶性滋养细胞肿瘤大出血有效、安全,可作为首选治疗方法 。

上皮型钙粘附蛋白和层粘连蛋白在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的临床价值

目的探讨上皮型钙粘附蛋白(E-cadherin)和层粘连蛋白(Laminin)在妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤(GTN,包括葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄、绒毛膜癌)中的表达情况及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学(SP法)检测45例GTN中E-cadherin和Laminin的表达情况。结果在GTN中E-cadherin的阳性表达率和Laminin阳性表达率分别为33.3%(15/45)和60.0%(27/45)。在葡萄胎(HM)、侵蚀性葡萄胎(IM)及绒毛膜癌(CC)中E-cadherin的阳性表达率分别为66.6%、20.0%和13.3%;Laminin的阳性表达率分别为80.0%、60.0%和40.0%。随着GTN恶性程度增加,E-cadherin的阳性表达率及Laminin的阳性表达率均呈逐渐降低趋势。结论 E-cadherin及Laminin在葡萄胎、侵蚀性葡萄胎、绒癌中均有所表达,二者的表达均与妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤的恶性程度有关,对GTN的发生、恶变有一定影响,对E-cadherin与Laminin的检测在临床GTN治疗中抗侵袭和抗转移方面具有重要价值。