Empirical Study on the Relationship between Farmers' Human Capital Investment and Rural Poverty

Literatures about the relationship between human capital investment and rural poverty are reviewed.According to the time-series data from 1990 to 2007,VAR model and variance decomposition research are used to study the relationship between household human capital investment and rural poverty.Result shows that there is long-run equilibrium relationship between household human capital investment and rural poverty.Educational investment and health investment have significant impacts on the alleviation of rural poverty;while migration investment does not have significant impact on the alleviation of rural poverty.Among the factors causing poverty fluctuations,educational investment has greater impacts on poverty fluctuations than health investment in the short run,but health investment has greater impacts on poverty fluctuations than educational investment in the long run.Based on this,related countermeasures are put forward,such as further increasing the investment in education and health,implementing the compulsory education and social security system,consolidating the rural cooperative medical care,improving the retirement pension system in rural areas,and perfecting the training and technical extension system for rural population under the poverty line.

Dynamic Relation between Rural Human Capital and Farmers'Income in Henan Province

We use relevant economic and labor force data from 1990 to 2009 of Henan Province to analyze the dynamic relation between stock of rural human capital and farmers' income.Results indicate that a certain causal relationship and long-run equilibrium relation exist between rural human capital and farmers' income,but their interaction shows some lagging characteristic.Increase of farmers' income in Henan Province increases the stock of rural human capital in this province for a short term.However,in the long run,this accumulation effect will decline along with renewal and aging of knowledge.The positive promotion action of rural human capital on farmers' income will appear after a long lag time.Therefore,the policy of strengthening rural human capital input should be long-term and continuous.

The Impact of the Digital Economy on Rural Residents’Working Hours:Mechanisms and Empirical Evidence

The rapid development of the digital economy has provided a new impetus for rural residents to extend their working hours.Based on the data collected by the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)in 2014,2016,and 2018,this paper measured the development level of the digital economy in China from the perspectives of internet development and digital financial inclusion,and tested the mechanisms of how the digital economy affected rural residents’working hours.The results showed that the digital economy extended rural residents’working hours by expanding information channels and enhancing human capital,and this mechanism was affected by heterogeneity in rural residents’educational background,age,and social capital.Building on these findings,this paper holds that to increase rural residents’income by extending their working hours and achieving common prosperity for all,it is necessary to expand the opportunities for rural residents to participate in skills training and promote their accumulation of human capital.

Status and path of intergenerational transmission of poverty in rural China:A human capital investment perspective

This paper focused on the intergenerational transmission of poverty in rural China by estimating the intergenerational transmission of earnings and stated its mechanism from the perspective of human capital investment before children participated in the labor market.The data used in this study were longitude data collected in 2000 households of 100 villages among 25 counties across five provinces in 2005,2008,2012,2016,and 2019.Qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted.We found a significant intergenerational transmission of earnings in rural China,especially for the pairs of father–children and parents–children.The intergenerational earnings'elasticities were much less than those in urban areas,which indicated better social mobility in rural areas than that in urban China.The children with parents who could earn much were more likely to be invested before they participated in the labor market,gain a high education and have more skills.Three cases further showed that the mechanism of human capital investment in children breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty and promoting social mobility.

Impact of regional human capital and urban sprawl on forest——based on a forest conservation model

Metropolitan cities in China have become a major economic hubs with an unprecedented increase of land use and decline of environmental resources. Based on a simple and abstract forest conservation model, this paper attempts to explain changes of forest resources caused by urban sprawl. Through the research, it is found that high level of regional human capital is beneficial to curb urban sprawl. In this vein the model presents the urban forest conservation cost strategy at the Nash equilibrium of varied discount factor and parameter control.

The Reasons of Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas in China and its Policy Suggestions

This paper points out that one of the main reasons for income gap between urban and rural areas in china is difference of human capital reserve on education which are decided by Chinese government＇s urban area privileged policy and the current education system. This paper also compares the different human capital reserve in two area, and analyzes the under-qualified human capital reserve in rural areas is resulted by these following reasons： The shortage of public spending in compulsory education for several decades has contributed to low school attendance and the great illiteracy beyond urban areas; the inefficient educational system has caused peasants to lose interest in education; No support for adult education has closed the doors for adults to earn money in non-agricultural industries. Vocational schools cannot attract the huge number of potential customers since their curricula and skills are out of date. As policy suggestions, governments should invest enough money in compulsory rural education, and creating a pragmatic rural education system is also vital.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Human Settlement Environment Governance in Tianjin

The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.

Investment Problems of China Rural Human Capital

The rural human capital refers to the condensation of the physical body, knowledge, skills, and all the abilities that can improve the capacity of the rural labor productivity. The ability is a form of human capital stock and it plays an important role in China＇s development of rural economy and society, but at present the situation of investment in human capital in rural areas is not optimistic. A lot of problems need to be solved such as the inadequate total investment and the irrational structure, as to these issues, strategies and recommendations were proposed in order to strengthen the human capital investment.

Impact of Rural Basic Human Capital Investment on Regional Development Ability

From the perspective of human resources development and regional economic cooperation,this paper expounds the basic conditions for socio-economic transformation and development in underdeveloped rural areas,and the ways to acquire basic human capital.On the basis of this,this paper further analyses the regional competitiveness difference arising from human capital difference,and proposes that we should solve this problem through sufficient supply of rural compulsory education.

Constraints on Problems of Rural Surplus Manpower Capital Transfer in China

In recent years, researches on rural human capital are of great concern, but for how to effectively use the rural human capital is scanty, and thus, the transfer of rural human capital becomes a kind of way to solve rural human capital utilization. A portion of China rural human capital has been successful transferred, however, because of the restrain of their conditions, they can only be engaged in some low level work. In China rural areas, there are a lot of rural human capitals who are not successful transferred. How to successfully transfer the rest of this part rural human capital and how to make them play roles will be an important task. In this paper, according to the practical situations, we first defined the rural human capital, and then briefly summarized the importance of human capital transfer. At last, we found out the restriction factors of rural human capital transfer in China, and put forward some suggestions and measures to solve the problems.

Measures and Policy Suggestions for Improving Rural Settlements in Guangdong

Since 2000,Guangdong has continued to increase investment in infrastructure construction in rural areas,and indicators for the main construction in the rural areas have met the requirement of remediation.However,the return visit has found that there are still huge gaps in urban and rural settlements.Therefore,this paper comprehensively investigated and scientifically analyzed existing problems in the rural settlements in Guangdong,and proposed that urbanization was the fundamental way to improve the rural settlements by carrying out the strategic planning of the provincial urbanization space and formulating different policies in urban areas and rural areas.Specifically,in the urban areas,the municipal government could coordinate the urban-rural development,formulate a transformation and development plan for villages to be urbanized,and classify the villages into three types in accordance with the degree of influence of villages affected by the cities to set different planning policies.In the rural areas,the provincial government was responsible for rural protection and development together with the county government,and divided the villages into three types according to the regional planning goals to implement different supporting policies for them.

实现共同富裕的一个路径探索:人力资本的增长与平衡效应检验

共同富裕是我国新发展阶段的一个远景目标,“富裕”和“共享”是实现共同富裕的关键。构造一个反映人力资本与城乡居民收入差距关系的理论模型,并基于经验证据检验人力资本通过增长效应和平衡效应推动“富裕”和“共享”,进而促进共同富裕的作用。研究发现,人力资本提升既有利于“蛋糕”做大,又能有效促进“蛋糕”更好地分配,显著提升了城乡居民可支配收入水平,且对农村居民收入的提升力度大于城镇居民,成为缩小城乡居民收入差距的关键变量,推动了“富裕”和“共享”目标的实现;中介效应检验证实了人力资本通过促进农村高技能劳动力流向城镇,间接推动城乡居民收入增长和差距缩小,从而实现其增长与平衡效应;分样本回归结果显示,人力资本的平衡效应在低收入省份更加明显,而在高收入省份不显著。

数字乡村建设、农村人力资本与农业绿色发展

本文基于2014—2021年中国省际面板数据,采用固定效应模型,实证分析数字乡村建设对农业绿色发展的影响及作用机制。结果表明:数字乡村建设显著促进了农业绿色发展,此结论在一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立;异质性分析显示,数字乡村建设对西部地区农业绿色发展的驱动作用更加明显,东部次之,但对中部地区农业绿色发展的影响没有有效的证据支持;农业农村信息化和金融科技发展是数字乡村建设推动农业绿色发展的重要途径;数字乡村建设对农业绿色发展的促进作用受到农村人力资本的影响,随着农村人力资本水平不断提高,数字乡村建设对农业绿色发展的驱动作用明显增强。根据以上研究结论,提出应加强数字乡村建设,重点支持信息化技术和金融科技发展,同时加快提高农村人力资本水平,进一步促进农业绿色发展。

社会信用与企业韧性——基于社会信用体系改革试点的准自然实验

在当前全球经济环境不稳定的背景下,如何增强企业韧性是所有企业都要面临的重要问题。文章基于2007—2021年我国A股上市公司的平衡面板数据,测度了企业韧性水平,并以城市社会信用体系改革试点作为一项准自然实验,运用多时点DID模型实证检验了社会信用对企业韧性的影响。结果表明:社会信用提升能够显著增强企业韧性;社会信用主要通过提高城市人力资本水平、降低企业交易成本和提升企业劳动生产率三个机制来增强企业韧性。异质性分析发现:社会信用对企业韧性的增强作用在内部治理水平较低企业、非国有企业、市场化程度较低地区中的效果更大。文章为研究企业韧性的影响因素提供了新的视角,对如何增强企业韧性、实现企业高质量发展具有一定的启示。

长三角数字经济赋能乡村振兴机制与路径设计

数字经济快速发展,为乡村振兴注入新动能。基于长三角地区2012—2021年41市面板数据,构建数字经济和乡村振兴评价指标体系,利用固定效应与中介效应模型检验赋能乡村振兴的作用机制,研究表明数字经济水平提升1%会引起乡村振兴水平提高0.1%;人力资本和技术创新是数字经济赋能乡村振兴的重要机制。区域异质性检验发现数字经济赋能乡村振兴作用效果由强到弱依次为浙江省、江苏省、安徽省。因此,为推动长三角地区乡村全面振兴,需着重发展数字经济,发挥其高效带动作用;进一步积累人力资本,提供高素质劳动力;不断进行技术创新,激发乡村内在发展动力;因地制宜,实施差异化发展战略。

劳动力流动赋能城乡融合:理论机制与实证检验——基于安徽省6县1002个农户的问卷调查

城乡融合在构建新型城乡关系中发挥着基础性作用,劳动力流动则为城乡融合目标的实现提供了新的可能。安徽省作为传统的农业大省及全国农村劳动力转移大省,城乡融合问题是制约其经济发展的重要因素。因此,基于微观调研数据,探究安徽省劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的影响,并通过机制分析检验资源配置和人力资本在劳动力流动赋能城乡融合过程中的间接作用。研究发现:劳动力流动显著促进了城乡融合发展,这一结论在经过一系列严谨检验后依然成立;劳动力流动可以通过优化资源配置、聚集人力资本等路径有效推动城乡融合;劳动力流动对城乡融合发展的促进效应存在明显的区域异质性,尤其在对政策相对不完善地区的城乡融合促进上,其效应更为显著。基于此,为进一步全面深化改革、促进城乡融合发展、推进中国式现代化建设,提出应统筹资源配置、促进城乡产业融合,激发人才活力、增强城乡一体意识,完善市场规则、健全按要素分配制度,深化土地改革、推进新型城镇化建设,增强政策导向、规范劳动力有序流动等建议。

数字乡村建设对壮大农村集体经济的作用效应

壮大农村集体经济发展是带动农业农村发展,实现中国式农业农村现代化的重要抓手和动力引擎。本文基于2020年和2021年“中国土地经济调查”的数据,利用熵值法测算出数字乡村建设水平的综合指数,在此基础上采用固定效应模型实证考察数字乡村建设对壮大农村集体经济发展的影响效应及作用机制。研究发现:数字乡村建设能显著地促进农村集体经济的壮大发展,本结果在经过内生性和稳健性检验后依然稳健;机制分析显示,数字乡村建设通过提升人力资本水平、促进资源要素集聚、推动产业结构升级壮大农村集体经济的发展;进一步异质性分析发现,数字乡村建设尚未对村级集体经济发展实现包容性增长,数字乡村建设对低等收入组的村级集体经济发展并未发挥正向带动作用。此外,相比低产业化经营发展水平的村庄,数字乡村建设对高产业化经营发展水平的村级集体经济壮大发展促进作用更显著。上述结论对数字乡村建设可作为壮大农村集体经济发展的动力引擎提供了实证依据和决策参考。

人口集聚对城市经济韧性的影响研究

伴随城乡二元结构的逐渐打破,人口自由流动产生的人口集聚成为影响城市经济韧性的重要因素。选取2012—2022年中国城市数据,在厘清人口集聚与城市经济韧性之间内在逻辑关系的基础上,实证检验二者间的因果关系及其存在的空间效应。研究结果表明:人口集聚对城市经济韧性具有显著的正向提升作用;人口集聚可以通过人力资本升级和产业多样化来间接提升城市经济韧性;不同地区的人口集聚对城市经济韧性的影响呈现出显著的区域异质性;人口集聚对城市经济韧性的影响具有空间外溢性,能够间接提升邻近城市的经济韧性。

授人以鱼不如授人以渔:数字普惠金融、人力资本与共同富裕

受益于数字经济的快速发展,中国数字普惠金融功能定位、服务对象更加多元,农村居民金融服务可得性极大增强,为新时代乡村振兴和共同富裕注入了动力。本文先从理论上分析了数字普惠金融在提高农村居民收入、降低城乡收入差距中的作用机制,然后运用2013—2020年北京大学数字普惠金融指数和245个地级市的相关数据对理论假说进行了检验。研究结果显示,数字普惠金融的发展能够显著缩小我国城乡收入差距。其中的机制在于,数字普惠金融提高了人力资本水平,让农村居民通过金融服务可以触及更多发展机会,进一步推动城乡收入差距不断缩小。基于以上结论,文章提出了推动数字普惠金融走深走实的政策建议。

地方本科高校服务乡村人才振兴的现实逻辑与实现路径

“乡村振兴战略全面推进”是“十四五”期间经济社会重要发展目标之一,是我国新发展阶段社会主义现代化建设的重要组成部分,而乡村人才振兴是全面推进乡村振兴的重点。地方本科高校人才培养与乡村振兴人才需求具有逻辑一致的可能,但地方本科高校人才供给与乡村振兴人才需求存在失调现象,两者之间供需结构性矛盾突出,供需数量不匹配,学生就业能力与乡村基层实际需求错位,无法有效满足未来乡村人才振兴需求。地方本科高校服务乡村人才振兴的实现路径体现为构建“三融三化”应用型人才培养模式,地方政府、企业要提供优质的公共服务,厚植人才发展“土壤”;地方本科高校充分发挥社会服务能力,提升乡村人力资本整体水平;提升地方本科高校科技成果转化,激发产业新活力。