Q-switched giant pulsed erbium-doped all-fiber laser with V_(2)ZnC MAX phase saturable absorber

MXenes,drawn from MAX phases,are special two-dimensional substances with numerous advantages in nonlinear optics,specifically in giant and ultrashort pulsed-laser applications.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and Ti_(2)CT_(x)nanosheets however rapidly deteriorate under ambient conditions,limiting their applications.This paper demonstrates how excellent modulation depth of one of the MAX phase compounds vanadium zinc carbide(V_2ZnC)makes it a brilliant saturable absorber(SA)in passively Q-switched all-fiber pulsed lasers,integrated such that a 16.73-μm V_(2)ZnC-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)thin film acts as SA in the laser.Saturable and non-saturable absorptions were found to be 13.2%and 10.47%,while saturation optical intensity and modulation depth were 6.25 k W/cm^(2)and 12.43%,respectively,illustrating the optical nonlinearity.The superiority of MAX-PVA,fabricated in four distinct ratios,was demonstrated by the fact that it self-starts a giant pulsed laser at pump power as low as 22.5 mW and firmly accomplished 120.6 kHz repetition rate with a pulse width of 2.08μs.It is a fine SA for the use of pulsed-laser production using all-fiber laser due to fabrication simplicity and great optical,thermophysical,and mechanical qualities.

Pulsar B0531 + 21 in the Crab Nebula

The Crab Nebula and its pulsar PSR B0531 + 21 is the space laboratory for the study of fundamental physical processes. From the beginning of the current century up to date, the giant pulses of the pulsar in the Crab Nebula are regularly observed on the Large Phased Array of the Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory of the Lebedev Physical Institute at a frequency 111 MHz. The connection between the scattering time scale of radio pulses and the dispersion measure of the pulsar, which was established earlier together with Jodrell Bank, is confirmed. The observed variations in the scattering of radio pulses and their partial correlation with the dispersion measure are explained by the eclipse of the pulsar by dense plasma clouds with fluctuations in the electron density significantly exceeding the corresponding fluctuations in the interstellar medium. The question of a possible connection between period failers (glitches), dispersion measure variations, radio pulses scattering and gamma-ray flares is discussed.