Standing on the Shoulders of Giants： A Brief Note from the Perspective of Kinematics

Kinematics has evolved with and contributed significantly to human demands. For example, slider-crank mechanisms have been widely used in engines since the industrial revolution. Additionally, constant-velocity shaft couplings have been developed to meet the needs of the automobile industry since the 1920＇s. With the development of robots, robot kinematics has been one of the research focuses in Kinematics since the 1970＇s.

German Auto Giants Expand in Chinese Market

BMW China R&D Center officially opened its facility in Beijing’s Shunyi District on May 15, 2018. The center is by far the biggest presence of BMW R&D outside Germany, among those in the U.S., Japan, South Korea, and China, and its size far exceeds the company’s R&D center in Silicon Valley, northern California, U.S.A.

Oil Giants Take First Two Places in China 100

Fortune magazine has released China 100 in its September issue. This is the second consecutive year Fortune has released China 100. The ranking is made according to the business income of the country's major companies in 2001.

Chinese Oil Giants Make Debut at World Finance Stage

Two recent bond offerings by China National Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)and China Petrochemical Corporation(Sinopce)offer strong evidence of Chinese ascendancy to the world stage of finance,says veteran banker,Therese Esperdy,who heads Banking for Asia Pacific Corporate&Investment Bank at JP Morgan.The bond offering issued by CNOOC and Sinopec in the autumn of 2013 will set China in the global arena with full benefit rights as a prime player on world financial markets.

Economic Giants Gather in China

The forum brings together leaders from the Fortune 500 companies so that they may discuss matters on world economic development, Like the Fortune 500 list, forum findings are highly regarded by entrepreneurs and company leaders. me upcoming forum will give world business leaders the Opportunity to learn more about China and to observe Chinese markets. At the same time, the forum will give Chinese entrepreneurs the opportunity to solicit direct investment from transnationals.

Chinese oil giants win Brazil offshore auction

Chinese oil giants are eyeing an expanded presence in Brazil, winning holdings in three blocks awarded in Brazil＇s deepwater oil auction in a historic opening of the pre-salt play to foreign operators. Consortiums comprising China＇s three major oil giants, China National Petroleum Corp, China Petroleum ＆ Chemical Corp and China National Offshore Oil Corp, have respectively won three blocks recently, deepening the energy cooperation between the two countries. China has the technology,

Alliance Between Giants

AS a Chinese proverb goes, if two brothers are of the same mind, their sharpness can cut through metal. China CNR Corp. （CNR） and China CSR Corp. （CSR）, the world＇s two largest railway transportation equipment manufacturers, have decided to merge to compete in the global arena.

Background Form of the Two Giants

DTheChinesegovernmentstipulatedthatallpetroleumcompaniesandpetroltillingstationsinprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesandcitiesshouldbelongtotheChinaNationalPetroleum(Group)Corporation(northcorporation)andtheChinaNationalpetrochemicals(Group...

Recreating Giants

A science artist brings prehistoric creatures back to life Zhao Chuang is a 43-year-old science artist working in Beijing.The illustrator's job bridgles science and art by painting and sculpting ancient extinct species based on information collected from fossils.Zhao reproduces each element described in paleontological papers in an artistic way,and the blanks in scientific research are flled by his logic and imagination.

Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

Membrane tension evolution and mechanical regulation of melittin-induced membrane poration

Membrane tension plays a crucial role in various fundamental cellular processes,with one notable example being the T cell-mediated elimination of tumor cells through perforin-induced membrane perforation by amplifying cellular force.However,the mechanisms governing the regulation of biomolecular activities at the cell interface by membrane tension remain elusive.In this study,we investigated the correlation between membrane tension and poration activity of melittin,a prototypical pore-forming peptide,using dynamic giant unilamellar vesicle leakage assays combined with flickering tension analysis,molecular dynamics simulations,and live cell assays.The results demonstrate that an increase in membrane tension enhances the activity of melittin,particularly near its critical pore-forming concentration.Moreover,peptide actions such as binding,insertion,and aggregation in the membrane further influence the evolution of membrane tension.Live cell experiments reveal that artificially enhancing membrane tension effectively enhances melittin’s ability to induce pore formation and disrupt membranes,resulting in up to a ten-fold increase in A549 cell mortality when exposed to a concentration of 2.0-μg·mL^(-1)melittin.Our findings elucidate the relationship between membrane tension and the mechanism of action as well as pore-forming efficiency of melittin,while providing a practical mechanical approach for regulating functional activity of molecules at the cell-membrane interface.

Warmly Congratulating on the Publication of the Monograph Giant Gas Fields and Gas Sources in China

The monograph Giant Gas Fields and Gas Sources in China,compiled by the team led by Dai Jinxing,Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Editor-in-Chief of Petroleum Exploration and Development,will be officially published by the Petroleum Industry Press soon.The English version of this monograph is planned to be published in 2025.The publication of this book will have an important and far-reaching impact on the geological theory,exploration and development,and scientific management of natural gas in China.Hereby,we warmly congratulate on the publication of the monograph Giant Gas Fields and Gas Sources in China!

Control effect and optimization scheme of combined rockboltecable support for a tunnel in horizontally layered limestone:A case study

This study focused on the mechanical behavior of a deep-buried tunnel constructed in horizontally layered limestone,and investigated the effect of a new combined rockboltecable support system on the tunnel response.The Yujingshan Tunnel,excavated through a giant karst cave,was used as a case study.Firstly,a multi-objective optimization model for the rockboltecable support was proposed by using fuzzy mathematics and multi-objective comprehensive decision-making principles.Subsequently,the parameters of the surrounding rock were calibrated by comparing the simulation results obtained by the discrete element method(DEM)with the field monitoring data to obtain an optimized support scheme based on the optimization model.Finally,the optimization scheme was applied to the karst cave section,which was divided into the B-and C-shaped sections.The distribution range of the rockboltecable support in the C-shaped section was larger than that in the B-shaped section.The field monitoring results,including tunnel crown settlement,horizontal convergence,and axial force of the rockboltecable system,were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of the optimization scheme.The maximum crown settlement and horizontal convergence were measured to be 25.9 mm and 35 mm,accounting for 0.1%and 0.2%of the tunnel height and span,respectively.Although the C-shaped section had poorer rock properties than the B-shaped section,the crown settlement and horizontal convergence in the C-shaped section ranged from 46%to 97%of those observed in the B-shaped section.The cable axial force in the Bshaped section was approximately 60%of that in the C-shaped section.The axial force in the crown rockbolt was much smaller than that in the sidewall rockbolt.Field monitoring results demonstrated that the optimized scheme effectively controlled the deformation of the layered surrounding rock,ensuring that it remained within a safe range.These results provide valuable references for the design of support systems in deep-buried tunnels situated in layered rock masses.

Symptomatic bradycardia in tuberculosis-related giant bullae(vanishing lung syndrome):A case report

Rationale:Vanishing lung syndrome is rare and can be associated with a history of smoking and marijuana use.The occurrence of giant bullae can also be linked to infections,particularly tuberculosis in tropical countries.Patient concerns:A 26-year-old male complained of weakness,severe vomiting,and reduced breathlessness when lying on the left side.He had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis two years ago.Diagnosis:Symptomatic bradycardia in tuberculosis-related giant bullae.Interventions:The patient was recommended to undergo an elective bullectomy,but he decided not to proceed with the procedure.Atropine sulfate was administered to alleviate symptoms of bradycardia,while a standardized anti-tuberculosis regimen were started for the next six months.Outcomes:Following 7 days of intensive care treatment involving antituberculosis medications and atropine sulfate,the patient achieved hemodynamic stability,opting against bullectomy despite residual symptoms of dyspnea.Subsequent six months of antituberculosis therapy notably alleviated symptoms without requiring bullectomy.Lessons:Increasing intrathoracic pressure can also be caused mechanically by giant bullae.Cardiac symptoms in vanishing lung syndrome are reversible and can be alleviated once the underlying cause is addressed.In this case,symptomatic bradycardia was reduced only with tuberculosis treatment without bullectomy intervention。

π-Extended giant dimeric acceptor as a third component enables highly efficient ternary organic solar cells with efficiency over 19.2%

Ternary strategy with a suitable third component is a successful strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Very recently,Y-series based giant molecule acceptors or oligomerized acceptors have emerged as promising materials for achieving highly efficient and stable binary OSCs,while application as third component for ternary OSCs is limited.Here a novelπ-extended giant dimeric acceptor,GDF,is developed based on central Y series core fusion and rigid BDT as linker,and then incorporated into the state-of-the-art PM1:PC6 system to construct ternary OSCs.The GDF has a near planar backbone,resulting in increasedπ-conjugation,excellent crystallinity,and good electron transport capacity.When GDF is introduced into the PM1:PC6 system,it ensues in a cascade like the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals(LUMO)energy level alignment,a complementary absorption band with PM1 and PC6,higher and balanced hole and electron mobility,slightly smaller domain size,and a higher exciton dissociation probability for PM1:PC6:GDF(1:1.1:0.1)blend film.As a consequence,the PM1:PC6:GDF(1:1.1:0.1)ternary OSC achieves a champion PCE of 19.22%,with a significantly higher open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density,compared to 18.45%for the PM1:PC6(1:1.2)binary OSC.Our findings show that employing aπ-extended giant dimeric acceptor as a third component significantly improves the photovoltaic performance of ternary OSCs.