Effect of exogenous GA3 on flowering quality, endogenous hormones, and hormone-and flowering-associated gene expression in forcing-cultured tree peony（Paeonia suffruticosa）

Gibberellins(GAs)promote flowering in the forcing-cultured tree peony(Paeonia suffruticosa),however,the mechanism of regulating flowering is not fully understood.In this study,exogenous GA3 was applied to five-year-old Luoyang Hong plants to explore responses in terms of endogenous hormones,flowering quality,and the hormone-and flowering-associated gene expression.Exogenous GA3 application significantly promoted flower bud development and new branch growth,as well as improved flowering quality.Exogenous GA3 application also stimulated the synthesis of endogenous GA3 and indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)but reduced abscisic acid(ABA)levels.To further elucidate the regulatory mechanism,eight genes for GA biosynthesis and signaling,including PsCPS,PsKS,PsGA3ox,PsGA2ox,PsGID1b,PsGID1c,PsDELLA,and PsGID2 were cloned for the first time,and sequence analysis was also performed.The results suggested that all the cloned genes have conserved structure as each homologous gene reported in the other species.Phylogenetic trees constructed by the each cloned gene showed that the phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of P.suffruticosa was closely related to Vitis vinifera.The expression patterns of the above genes,and genes for ABA and IAA biosynthetic and signaling,and the flowering time were also investigated.Most of the above genes showed higher expression in the control buds than those in the GA3 treated buds at six developmental stages,whereas the expression levels of PsSOC1 and PsSPL9 were up-regulated by GA3 treatment.The results also showed that the GA-biosynthetic and signaling pathways are conserved in tree peony,and the PsCPS,PsGA3ox,PsGA2ox,PsGID1,PsDELLA,and PsGID2 genes are necessary for feedback regulation of GAs.Furthermore,hormone changes promoted PsSOC1 and PsSPL9 expression,and repressed PsSVP expression,which contributed to the improvement flowering quality in tree peony of forcing culture.

转录因子GGS1参与赤霉素和糖信号调控

MYB类转录因子GGS1(glucose and GA signaling 1)既受到DELLA蛋白的调控,又与糖受体蛋白HXK1形成核内复合体.前人的这些研究结果暗示,GGS1可能同时参与了赤霉素和糖的信号调控.为了进一步证实GGS1基因在两信号途径中发挥的作用,我们对以下两个方面进行了研究.首先对GGS1基因表达谱进行分析,结果表明,GGS1特异在拟南芥各器官的维管组织的韧皮部细胞中表达;用赤霉素和高浓度蔗糖处理能抑制GGS1基因的表达.GGS1同源基因虽和GGS1具有相似的表达谱,但是其表达却不受GA和糖处理的影响,暗示二者间不存在功能冗余.其次,我们获得GGS1过表达转基因植株并通过Q-PCR分析这一植株中GA和糖代谢途径中一些重要相关基因表达变化.结果表明,在GGS1过表达植株中参与GA合成的基因表达升高,GA分解代谢基因表达降低;与糖信号密切相关的光合作用相关基因表达升高.两方面研究结果证实了GGS1的双元功能,即既可以作为GA信号调控的负调控因子,又在糖的信号传递中发挥作用.