Protective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract on Learning and Memory Deficit Induced by Aluminum in Model Rats

Objective： To examine the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract （GbE） on learning and memory deficit induced by aluminum chloride （AlCl3）, and explore its mechanisms. Methods： The rat models with learning and memory deficit were induced by administering via gastrogavage and drinking of AlCl3 solution. And the model rats were treated with GbE at the dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg every day for 2 months accompanied with drinking of AlCl3 solution, respectively. Their abilities of spatial learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze, and the acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） activity in serum was assayed with chemical method, the AChE expression in hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemistry assay, and then quantitative analysis was done by BI 2000 image analysis system. Results： Learning and memory deficit of rats could be induced by AlCl3 solution （P〈0.01）, and AChE expressions in rats hippocampus were increased （P〈0.01）; GbE ameliorated learning and memory deficit and reduced AChE expression in rats hippocampus in a dose-dependent manner, while GbE significantly increased serum AChE activity at the dose of 200 mg/kg each day （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： GbE can ameliorate learning and memory deficit induced by AlCl3, which may be due to its inhibition of the AChE expression in hippocampus.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract effects on inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bcl-2, and Bax expression in rat models of spinal cord injury

BACKGROUND：Ginkgo biloba leaf extract exhibits neuroprotective effects in spinal cord injury. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. OBJECTIVE： To investigate inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and Bcl-2/Bax expression in the injured spinal cord, and to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of ginkgo biloba leaf extract in rats with spinal cord injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, cell molecular biology experiment was performed at Soochow University, China from March 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 120 healthy, adult Sprague Dawley rats were selected for this study. Rat models of moderate acute thoracic （T9） spinal cord injury were established using the modified Allen method. Shuxuening injection was obtained from Zhenbaodao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China. Methylprednisolone was purchased from North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. METHODS： All rats were equally and randomly divided into four groups. Only the spinal cord was exposed in the sham operation group rats. In the trauma group, rats were not treated with drugs following spinal cord injury. Rats in the hormone group were intraperitoneally injected with 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone following spinal cord injury. Rats in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract group were intraperitoneally infused with a 1.0 mL/kg Shuxuening injection per day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 1 hour, as well as 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after spinal cord injury, iNOS- and Bcl-2/Bax-positive cells were quantified with immunohistochemistry. Pathological changes were detected using hematoxylineosin staining under an optical microscope. RESULTS： Spinal cord injury in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups was milder compared with the trauma group. Demyelination was significantly ameliorated and the necrotic cavity was obviously reduced in the injured spinal cord of rats in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups at each time point. iNOS expression was increased in the injured spinal cord, and reached a peak at 5 days. The number of iNOS-positive cells was lower in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups compared with the trauma group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The number of iNOS-positive cells was lower in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract group compared with the hormone group at 7 and 14 days after spinal cord injury （P 〈 0.05）. Bcl-2 expression reached a peak at 3 days, and Bax expression reached a peak at 5 days following rat spinal cord injury. Bcl-2 expression was increased, but Bax expression was decreased in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract and hormone groups compared with the trauma group （P 〈 0.05-0.01）. Bcl-2 expression was greater, but Bax expression was reduced in the ginkgo biloba leaf extract group compared with the hormone group at 7 and 14 days after spinal cord injury （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Ginkgo biloba leaf extract exhibits neuroprotective effects by upregulating Bcl-2 expression, downregulating Bax expression, and significantly inhibiting high expressions of iNOS in the injured spinal cord. The neuroprotective effects of ginkgo biloba leaf extract are greater compared with methylprednisolone at 1 week after spinal cord injury.

Simultaneous quantification of flavonol glycosides, terpene lactones, polyphenols and carboxylic acids in Ginkgo biloba leaf extract by UPLC-QTOF-MS^E based metabolomic approach

Abstract： In the present study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MSE） method to simultaneously quantify 33 components in Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts （GBEs）, including 17 flavonol glycosides, five terpene trilactones （TTLs）, four polyphenols and seven carboxylic acids. This optimized method was successfully applied to analyze the explicit compositions of GBE samples collected from different places. Furthermore, the data were processed through unsupervised principal component analysis （PCA） and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis （OPLS-DA） to evaluate the quality and compare the differences between the samples according to the contents of the 33 chemical constituents. Bilobalide, protocatechuic acid, shikimic acid, quinic acid, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide J, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-ct-L-rhamnopyranocyl-2＂-（6＇＂-p-coumaroyl）-β-D-glucoside and rutin were recognized as characteristic chemical markers that contributed most to control the quality of GBEs. Based on the fact that GBEs should be standardized with the characteristic components as quality control chemical markers, it is most important to maintain the quality of GBEs stable and reliable, and this method also provided a good strategy to further rectify and standardize the GBEs market.

Antibacterial mechanism of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract when applied to Shewanella putrefaciens and Saprophytic staphylococcus

The antimicrobial mechanism of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts(GBLE)when applied to predominant spoilage bacteria(Shewanella putrefaciens and Saprophytic staphylococcus)on refrigerated pomfret and minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were measured by the plate counting method.GBLE at MIC and 2MIC were prepared in tryptic soy broth(TSB)medium and equivalent amounts of sterile distilled water were used in place of GBLE as a control group.The impact of GBLE on the growth of bacteria,the permeability of cell membrane,and cell wall were also investigated by growth curve of bacteria,alkaline phosphates activity(AKP),and electrical conductivity.A scanning electron microscope(SEM)was used to study the effects of GBLE on the cellular structure of S.putrefaciens and S.staphylococcus.The results showed that the MICs of GBLE when applied to S.putrefaciens and S.staphylococcus were 100 mg/mL,the inhibitory rates of MIC and 2MIC concentrations of GBLE when applied to S.putrefaciens were 36.11%and 100%,while 27.78%and 62.22%for S.staphylococcus.Meanwhile,GBLE inhibited the growth of S.putrefaciens and S.staphylococcus until the number of cells at 2MIC values decreased to 0 and 4.29 log CFU/mL,respectively,after 24 h.The electrical conductivity of bacteria increased with GBLE treatment,which was followed by an increased leakage of AKP.The SEM revealed that the structure of bacterial cells was destroyed and the bacteria began to be adhere to each other.The inhibition effect of GBLE when applied to S.putrefaciens and S.staphylococcus was related to the damage of cell membrane and cell wall.It was also revealed that GBLE damages the morphology of bacteria and had stronger effects on the cell membrane of S.putrefaciens than that of S.staphylococcus.

Sensory and chemical assessment of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) treated with Ginkgo biloba leaf extract treatment during storage in ice

This study investigated the physical(L*,a*,b*,texture profile analyses,pH),chemical(TVB-N,K value and TBA),microbiological,amino acid content,and flavor effects that Gingko biloba leaf extract(GBLE)had on silver pomfret(Pampus argenteus)stored at 4±1
C in ice for 18 days.Fresh pomfret samples were obtained directly from the local fish market and transported to the laboratory with ice immediately.After being gutted,washed,filleted and trimmed in a water-ice mixture,samples were treated with different concentrations of GBLE(0.0 mg/mL,2.5 mg/mL,5.0 mg/mL,10.0 mg/mL)and packaged in Polyethylene bag,then stored in a refrigerator at 4±1
C with ice.The results show that the shelf-life of untreated(0.0 mg/mL)pomfret samples was 8e9 days compared to 14e15 days for the GBLE1(2.5 mg/mL)treated group.The assessment results showed that different concentrations of GBLE had variable effects on preserving the texture parameters of acceptability limit,inhibit lipid oxidation,protein degradation,and microorganism growth.2.5 mg/mL of GBLE was the best for the preservation of pomfret during storage in ice.Therefore,there is potential use for GBLE as a preservative to extend the shelf-life of pomfret during chilled storage in ice.

Effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on cerebral cortex amino acid levels in cerebral ischemia model rats

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on amino acid levels in the cerebral cortex of cerebral ischemia model rats induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).METHODS: A rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by MCAO. Male rats were divided into a negative control group(Control), a sham-operated group(Sham), an ischemic group(MCAO), and an ischemic group treated with Ginkgo biloba leaf extract(MCAO_D). All groups were divided into two subgroups with occlusion times of 12 and 24 h, respectively. The levels of 18 endogenous amino acids in the cerebral cortex were quantified by triple quadrupole-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS: Compared with the MCAO group, behavioral performance, neurological deficit score, and cerebral infarct volume were significantly improved in the MCAO_D group(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the sham group, the levels of 17 amino acids in the cerebral cortex were markedly changed in the MCAO group. The levels of Alanine(Ala), Isoleucine(Ile), Glutamic acid(Glu), Serine(Ser), Valine(Val), Phenylalanine(Phe), Proline(Pro),Threonine(Thr), Lysine(Lys), Tyrosine(Tyr), Hydroxyproline(Hyp), Arginine(Arg), Leucine(Leu),Tryptophan(Trp), and Glycine(Gly) were increased(P < 0.001, P < 0.05), while levels of Gln and Tau were decreased(P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group, Ginkgo biloba extract treatment in the MCAO_D group significantly down-regulated the levels of 11 amino acids, especially those of Arg, Thr, and Ser in 12 or 24 h.CONCLUSION: Injection of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract has a therapeutic effect on model rats with MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia by acting on amino acids in the cerebral cortex. This effect might be associated with the regulation of amino acid metabolism in the cerebral cortex.

银杏落叶色素染料提取工艺的优化及染色应用

为了探索银杏落叶中色素染料的提取工艺及在棉织物染色中的应用.利用单因素试验和正交试验法探明银杏叶色素提取的最佳工艺,通过测试染色后棉织物的K/S值分析不同酸碱度条件下对棉织物染色效果的影响.结果表明,银杏落叶中色素染料提取的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1∶10,乙醇体积分数80%,提取温度80℃,提取时间60 min.在pH值为3、5、7时染色棉织物K/S值都高于pH值为9、11时的染色棉织物K/S值,也就是说在酸性和中性条件下银杏落叶色素染料对棉织物的染色效果优于在碱性条件下的染色效果.

银杏叶提取物-壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合膜对冷鲜牛肉保鲜效果的影响

为开发具备优质保鲜效果的复合膜,该试验将银杏叶提取物(Ginkgo biloba leaf extract,GBLE)作为保鲜剂加入到壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇(chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol,CS/PVA)复合膜中,研究不同添加量的GBLE(2%、6%和10%,质量分数)对复合膜性能的影响,并应用到冷鲜牛肉保鲜中。结果表明,GBLE能显著提高复合膜的拉伸强度、不透明度和抗氧化活性(P<0.05),显著降低复合膜的断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率(P<0.05)。在12 d的保鲜试验中,与对照组相比,GBLE-CS/PVA复合膜组冷鲜牛肉的感官评分更高,且能有效延缓冷鲜牛肉的pH值、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮含量以及硫代巴比妥酸值的上升。因此,GBLE-CS/PVA复合膜在冷鲜牛肉贮藏保鲜方面具有应用前景。

基于近红外光谱一致性检验模型鉴别银杏叶提取物片

目的 利用近红外光谱(NIR)法建立进口药品银杏叶提取物片的一致性检验模型。方法 通过对国外A企业生产的46批银杏叶提取物片进行光谱采集,运用OPUS7.8光谱分析软件对建模光谱图进行二阶导数和矢量归一化预处理,并采用国产不同企业同规格银杏叶片验证模型,建立银杏叶提取物片的近红外一致性检验模型。结果 建立的国外A企业样品近红外一致性模型能鉴别该厂家生产的银杏叶提取物片。结论 利用一致性检验方法,成功建立了国外A企业生产的银杏叶提取物片一致性检验模型,适用于该品牌银杏叶提取物片快速筛查。

银杏叶提取物注射液联合阿托伐他汀对老年急性脑梗死患者脂质水平、炎症反应及血栓弹力图监测指标的影响

目的观察银杏叶提取物注射液联合阿托伐他汀对老年急性脑梗死患者脂质水平、炎症反应及血栓弹力图监测指标的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年3月至2023年12月就诊于安徽医科大学第一附属医院东区的80例老年急性脑梗死患者作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将入组患者分为他汀类组和联合组,每组各40例。两组均给予对症治疗,他汀类组加用阿托伐他汀治疗,联合组在他汀类组基础上给予银杏叶提取物注射液治疗。检测并比较两组患者治疗前及治疗10 d后的脂代谢[总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度胆固醇(HDL-C)]、趋化因子[血清趋化因子fractalkine(FKN)、CX3C趋化因子受体1(CX3CR1)]、炎症因子[白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、血栓弹力图[凝血反应时间(R值)、血液凝固时间(K值)、凝血块形成曲线的最宽距离(MA值)、凝固角]及美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、改良Rankin量表(mRS)变化。结果治疗10 d后,两组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL-C均较治疗前降低,HDL-C均较治疗前升高,且联合组的总胆固醇、甘油三酯、LDL-C水平分别为(3.45±0.69)、(1.77±0.54)、(2.11±0.38)mmol/L,均低于他汀类组[(3.89±0.78)、(2.03±0.59)、(2.34±0.45)mmol/L],HDL-C水平为(1.74±0.34)mmol/L,高于他汀类组[(1.57±0.33)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,两组FKN、CX3CR1水平均较治疗前降低,联合组的FKN、CX3CR1水平分别为(1.67±0.48)、(5.17±1.64)μg/L,均低于他汀类组[(2.12±0.56)、(6.05±1.78)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,两组IL-1β、CRP、TNF-α水平均较治疗前降低,联合组的IL-1β、CRP、TNF-α水平分别为(6.07±1.22)pg/mL、(8.89±1.44)mg/L、(13.08±2.87)pg/mL,均低于他汀类组[(7.45±1.74)pg/mL、(11.56±2.05)mg/L、(17.41±3.22)pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,两组NIHSS评分、mRS评分均较治疗前降低,联合组的NIHSS评分、mRS评分分别为(11.74±1.28)、(2.43±0.25)分,均低于他汀类组[(14.02±1.32)、(2.92±0.31)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,两组R值、K值升高,MA值、α角均较治疗前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗10 d后血栓弹力图指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物注射液联合阿托伐他汀可调节老年急性脑梗死患者脂代谢,降低FKN、CX3CR1的表达,抑制炎症反应,但在改善凝血功能方面影响有限。

银杏叶提取物联合高压氧、甲磺酸倍他司汀治疗眩晕症的疗效观察

目的探讨银杏叶提取物联合高压氧、甲磺酸倍他司汀治疗眩晕症的疗效及作用机制。方法选择本院神经内科2022年3月至2023年12月收治的眩晕症患者,随机分为观察组(采用银杏叶提取物联合高压氧、甲磺酸倍他司汀治疗)和对照组(仅采用甲磺酸倍他司汀治疗),每组43例,对比两组患者眩晕症状、脑部血流、炎症因子水平和血管内皮功能及不良反应情况。结果观察组与对照组在治疗后临床症状评分均有下降趋势;观察组整体下降趋势更明显,在治疗3个月后与治疗前对比均有明显统计学差异(P<0.05);治疗3个月后观察组评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。彩超检测显示,与治疗前相比,治疗后两组全脑血流量、大脑中动脉及基底动脉流速均有提升,观察组彩超指标提升较对照组更明显(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、一氧化氮(NO)水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者TNF-α、hs-CRP、ET-1、IL-6水平均较前下降,且观察组上述指标下降较对照组更低(P<0.05);治疗后,两组NO、CGRP表达水平均增高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组共有2例患者发生不良反应,对照组未发生,两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.001,P=0.157)。结论银杏叶提取物联合高压氧、甲磺酸倍他司汀可有效改善眩晕症患者症状,增加脑部血流,减轻炎性反应并保护血管内皮功能,具有较好的安全性。

银杏叶提取物促进大鼠激素性股骨头坏死中H亚型微血管形成的实验研究

目的观察银杏叶提取物在大鼠激素性股骨头坏死(SONFH)模型中对H亚型微血管的影响。方法采用脂多糖联合甲泼尼龙法复制SONFH模型。将50只大鼠分为空白组、模型组,以及银杏叶提取物高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。银杏叶提取物高、中、低剂量组分别予0.88、0.43、0.21 mL/kg银杏叶提取物溶液尾静脉注射,空白组和模型组分别予等量生理盐水尾静脉注射。4周时Micro-CT断层扫描和HE染色观察股骨头外形、骨小梁结构及囊性变情况;治疗8周后,采用HE染色观察检测股骨头软骨表面光滑度和骨小梁密度,免疫荧光染色观察检测股骨头血小板-内皮细胞黏附分子(CD31)和内皮黏蛋白(Emcn)表达。结果4周后Micro-CT断层扫描可见大鼠股骨头变形,骨小梁稀疏;HE染色结果可见骨小梁稀疏、断裂、股骨头坏死,Micro-CT断层扫描与HE染色结果一致,表明大鼠SONFH模型复制成功。8周后HE染色结果显示,与空白组相比,银杏叶提取物高、中、低剂量组及模型组均有不同程度股骨头坏死,但银杏叶提取物高、中、低剂量组与模型组比较,骨小梁相对密集,股骨头坏死减少。各组大鼠CD31及Emcn阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),模型组CD31和Emcn阳性率较空白组及银杏叶提取物高、中、低剂量组均降低(P<0.05),银杏叶提取物高剂量组CD31阳性率与空白组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但Emcn阳性率高于空白组(P<0.05),银杏叶提取物高剂量组CD31和Emcn阳性率与中、低剂量组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但中剂量与低剂量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物可促进大鼠SONFH模型中H亚型微血管形成,改善股骨头周围血循,促进血管成骨耦合,延缓疾病进程。

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病肾病患儿TGF-β1、HGF水平的影响

目的探究银杏叶提取物用于糖尿病肾病患儿对其转化生长因子TGF-β1、肝细胞生长因子HGF水平的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2023年2月期间于石家庄市第六医院接受治疗的糖尿病肾损伤患儿资料188份,分为常规组(82例,常规西医治疗)和研究组(106例,银杏叶提取物+常规治疗),比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后肾功能相关指标、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肝细胞生长因子(HGF)水平差异及不良反应发生情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率92.45%,高于常规组81.71%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.972,P<0.05);治疗后两组血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、24h尿蛋白定量(24hUP)等肾功能指标及血清TGF-β1水平与治疗前比较均降低,而血清HGF水平则升高,且研究组上述指标变化幅度均大于常规组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.024、7.317、11.651、5.486、8.863、10.345,P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物有利于糖尿病肾病患儿治疗,可通过调节患者TGF-β1、HGF水平显著改善患者肾功能,提高临床疗效。

银杏叶提取物对吡拉西坦在大鼠体内药代动力学的影响

目的:探讨银杏叶提取物单次给药和多次给药对吡拉西坦在大鼠体内药代动力学的影响。方法:选用雄性SD大鼠18只,随机分为空白对照组(n=6)、银杏叶提取物单次干预组(n=6)和银杏叶提取物多次干预组(n=6),银杏叶提取物灌胃后,给予吡拉西坦尾静脉注射50 mg·kg^(-1),后采集血样测定大鼠血浆中吡拉西坦的浓度。采用DAS计算各组药代动力学参数,并进行统计学分析。结果:与空白对照组相比,多次给予银杏叶提取物后,吡拉西坦的AUC减少了60%,MRT降低了50%,T_(1/2z)减少了47%,Cl升高了154%(P<0.05)。结论:银杏叶提取物多次干预会使吡拉西坦在大鼠体内的血浆暴露显著减少,并显著加快药物在体内的消除速率。临床上吡拉西坦与银杏叶提取物合用时,需考虑药物之间的相互作用。

银杏叶中活性物质提取方法的研究进展

银杏叶是银杏纲银杏目下的一种落叶乔木的叶子,银杏叶含有多种生物活性物质,对治疗冠心病、心绞痛和高脂血症有明显的作用。银杏叶提取物活性成分有很多,主要包含黄酮类化合物、β-羟色胺类内酯以及苷类。作者综述了银杏叶中不同物质的提取方法,包括超声波辅助酶法、微波辅助提取法、超临界CO_(2)萃取法以及溶剂热法提取法等;总结归纳了不同提取物质的作用,包括抗氧化、抗病毒、抗炎以及抗肿瘤等;总结银杏叶活性物质提取方法的优点,展望了银杏叶活性物质的应用前景。

超声波辅助醇提法提取银杏叶中多种活性成分

采用超声波辅助醇提法综合提取银杏叶中多种活性成分,通过溶剂萃取法脱脂、去叶绿素,经DM130大孔树脂吸附脱附后,再对银杏多糖、银杏莽草酸、银杏黄酮分阶段逐一分离纯化,并对工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,在75%乙醇为提取溶剂、超声时间为2.0 h、石油醚为脱脂溶剂的最佳条件下,分别采用0.2%H 2O 2脱色法、石油醚沉淀法、酸碱除杂法对银杏多糖、银杏莽草酸、银杏黄酮进行分离纯化,得到高纯度银杏多糖、银杏莽草酸、银杏黄酮,其纯度分别为85.20%、98.25%、35.72%,产率分别为4.67%、3.80%、0.77%。该方法工艺简单、成本低、资源利用度高,为银杏叶的综合开发利用提供了参考。

银杏叶提取物处理对采后南丰蜜橘果实保鲜效果和品质的影响

为延长南丰蜜橘的保鲜期,研究了不同质量浓度的银杏叶提取物(GLE)对采后南丰蜜橘果实保鲜效果和品质的影响。结果表明,GLE处理可显著提升保鲜效果,延缓果实衰老,维持果实的品质。15 g/L GLE处理可显著降低果实的腐烂率和失重率;5 g/L GLE处理可显著提高果实的亮度,阻止果皮黄化;5 g/L、10 g/L和15 g/L GLE处理可显著延缓可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,但更高质量浓度的GLE处理对果实的保鲜效果和品质无明显提升,因此15 g/L为南丰蜜橘果实保鲜的最适GLE质量浓度。对果实呼吸作用和意大利青霉病原菌良好的抑制作用,优良的抗氧化功能,以及对果实抗氧化酶活性的诱导提高,是GLE延缓南丰蜜橘果实衰老和维持品质的主要原因。本研究为南丰蜜橘的贮藏保鲜提供了新技术及理论依据,具有重要的应用价值和理论意义。

银杏叶片与阿托伐他汀钙片合用对缺血性脑卒中患者血脂及颈动脉斑块面积的影响

目的研讨银杏叶片与阿托伐他汀钙片合用对缺血性脑卒中(CIS)患者血脂及颈动脉斑块面积的影响。方法选取2020年5月至2022年2月栾川县人民医院收诊且符合入组试验的86例CIS患者作为观察对象,按照随机数表法将其分组,每组43例。对照组单服阿托伐他汀钙片,观察组给予银杏叶片+阿托伐他汀钙片治疗,持续6个月。比较两组临床疗效、用药前后血脂指标[血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]变化、颈动脉斑块面积、神经功能缺损状况[参照美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)]及用药安全性。结果观察组结束1个疗程用药后治疗有效率(93.02%)高于对照组(76.74%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。用药后,观察组各项血脂指标(TC、TG及LDL-C)测定值、颈动脉斑块面积及NIHSS量表评分小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组出现药物副反应的患者占比(11.63%与6.98%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论银杏叶片与阿托伐他汀钙片配伍用于CIS患者的治疗效果显著,可下调患者血脂水平,缩小颈动脉斑块面积,加快患者神经功能恢复,并保障用药安全性。

银杏叶提取物预处理联合肢体远隔缺血后处理对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠氧化应激反应及心肌组织中热休克蛋白70表达的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物(EGB)预处理和肢体远隔缺血后处理(RIP)对缺血再灌注(IR)大鼠氧化应激反应及心肌组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)表达的影响。方法将60只雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、IR组、EGB预处理组、RIP组和联合处理组,每组12只。假手术组大鼠用丝线穿过冠状动脉左前降支但不结扎;其余各组大鼠结扎冠状动脉左前降支制备IR损伤模型。EGB预处理组大鼠造模前30 min腹腔注射EGB 50 mg·kg^(-1);RIP组大鼠在左前降支结扎15 min时实施RIP,不给予药物治疗;联合处理组大鼠造模前30 min腹腔注射EGB 50 mg·kg^(-1),造模前15 min实施RIP;IR组大鼠造模前30 min腹腔注射与EGB等体积的生理盐水。假手术组大鼠关闭胸腔3 h后经右颈内静脉采血4 mL,其余各组大鼠在恢复血流再灌注后3、12、24、48 h经右颈内静脉采血4 mL,采用比色法检测各组大鼠血清中丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平。采血后处死大鼠,采用免疫组织化学法检测各组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70的相对表达量。结果再灌注3 h时,IR组、EGB预处理组、联合处理组与假手术组大鼠血清中MDA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),RIP组大鼠血清中MDA水平显著高于假手术组(P<0.05);其余各时间点,IR组、EGB预处理组、RIP组和联合处理组大鼠血清中MDA水平显著高于假手术组(P<0.05)。IR组、EGB预处理组、RIP组、联合处理组大鼠各时间点血清中SOD水平均显著高于假手术组(P<0.05)。再灌注3 h时,EGB预处理组、RIP组大鼠血清中MDA、SOD水平与IR组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合处理组大鼠血清中MDA水平显著低于IR组,SOD水平显著高于IR组(P<0.05)。再灌注24 h时,联合处理组大鼠血清中MDA水平显著低于EGB预处理组(P<0.05);其余各时间点,联合处理组与EGB预处理组大鼠血清中MDA水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再灌注48 h时,联合处理组大鼠血清中SOD水平显著高于EGB预处理组(P<0.05);其余各时间点,联合处理组与EGB预处理组大鼠血清中SOD水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合处理组大鼠各时间点血清中MDA水平均显著低于RIP组(P<0.05)。再灌注3、12、24 h时,联合处理组大鼠血清中SOD水平显著高于RIP组(P<0.05);再灌注48 h时,联合处理组与RIP组大鼠血清中SOD水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EGB预处理组、RIP组、联合处理组大鼠各时间点心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量显著高于假手术组(P<0.05);再灌注3 h,IR组与假手术组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);再灌注12、24、48 h时,IR组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量显著高于假手术组(P<0.05)。再灌注3 h时,EGB预处理组和联合处理组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量显著高于IR组(P<0.05);RIP组与IR组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再灌注12 h时,RIP组和联合处理组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量显著高于IR组(P<0.05);EGB预处理组与IR组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。再灌注24、48 h时,EGB预处理组、RIP组和联合处理组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量显著高于IR组(P<0.05)。再灌注3 h时,RIP组、联合处理组与EGB预处理组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70表达量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合处理组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量显著高于RIP组(P<0.05)。再灌注12、24、48 h时,RIP组与EGB预处理组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合处理组大鼠心肌组织中HSP70相对表达量显著高于EGB预处理组和RIP组(P<0.05)。结论EGB预处理联合RIP可减轻IR大鼠心肌的氧化应激反应,提高心肌组织中HSP70表达量,二者联合的效果优于单独应用。

银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔治疗中枢性眩晕的疗效及对患者血液流变学指标和炎症因子的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物、前列地尔联合治疗中枢性眩晕对患者的血液流变学指标、炎症因子、疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析2017年9月至2018年9月在本院治疗的90例中枢性眩晕患者的临床资料,按治疗方法不同分为单一组与联合组,每组45例。单一组给予前列地尔治疗,联合组给予银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔治疗,比较两组治疗前后的眩晕评定量表的评分系统(DARS)、血液流变学指标(血细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、血浆黏度)、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)]水平及临床疗效。结果治疗后,两组血细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、血浆黏度均低于治疗前,且联合组低于单一组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组DARS评分和TNF-α、IL-6水平均低于治疗前,且联合组低于单一组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组治疗总有效率高于单一组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论银杏叶提取物联合前列地尔联合治疗中枢性眩晕,可快速消除其眩晕症状,改善其血液流变学、炎症反应,提高临床疗效,应用价值高。