目的:探讨人参皂苷Rh2对糖尿病肾病变(DKL)大鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用,并阐明其作用机制。方法:通过高脂高能量饲料配以链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射方法制备DKL大鼠模型。将30只SD成模大鼠随机分为模型组、低剂量(10 mg·kg^(-1))Rh2组和...目的:探讨人参皂苷Rh2对糖尿病肾病变(DKL)大鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用,并阐明其作用机制。方法:通过高脂高能量饲料配以链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射方法制备DKL大鼠模型。将30只SD成模大鼠随机分为模型组、低剂量(10 mg·kg^(-1))Rh2组和高剂量(20 mg·kg^(-1))Rh2组,每组10只,另选取10只SD大鼠作为正常对照组。检测各组大鼠体质量和肾脏质量,并计算肾指数,干预8周后全自动分析仪检测各组大鼠血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)和24 h尿蛋白(UP)水平,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠肾组织中Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)水平,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠肾组织中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、Smad3和Smad7蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠体质量降低(P<0.01),肾脏质量和肾指数明显升高(P<0.01),血清中Scr、BUN和24 h UP水平均升高(P<0.01),肾组织中ColⅣ水平升高(P<0.01),肾组织中TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01),而肾组织中Smad7蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,低和高剂量Rh2组大鼠体质量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),肾脏质量和肾指数均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清中Scr、BUN和24 h UP水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),肾组织中ColⅣ水平降低(P<0.01),肾组织中TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01),肾组织中Smad7蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷Rh2可抑制DKL大鼠肾脏纤维化,改善肾功能,对DKL大鼠肾脏有保护作用,其机制可能与Rh2调节TGF-β1/Smads信号通路表达有关。展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3.METHODS:The human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3 was cultured in vitro and treated with or without ginsenoside Rh2....AIM:To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3.METHODS:The human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3 was cultured in vitro and treated with or without ginsenoside Rh2.Growth rates for Bxpc-3 cells were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and colony formation assays.Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry.Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining.A scratch assay and a Matrigel invasion assay were used to detect cell migration and invasion.Expression of Bax,Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8,and caspase-9 mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Bax,Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 protein levels were examined by western blotting.Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in culture supernatants were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:Rh2 significantly inhibited Bxpc-3 cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner,as evaluated by the MTT(P < 0.05) and colony formation assays(P < 0.05).Compared to the control group,Rh2 significantly increased the percentage of Bxpc-3 cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase from 43.32% ± 2.17% to 71.32% ± 1.16%,which was accompanied by a decrease in S phase(from 50.86% ± 1.29% to 28.48% ± 1.18%) and G 2 /M phase(from 5.81% ± 1.19% to 0.20% ± 0.05%) in a dose-dependent manner(P < 0.05),suggesting that Rh2 arrested cell cycle progression at the G 0 /G 1 phase,as measured by flow cytometry.Compared to the control group,cells treated with Rh2 showed significantly higher apoptosis ratios in a dosedependent manner(percentage of early apoptotic cells:from 5.29% ± 2.28% to 38.90% ± 3.42%(F = 56.20,P < 0.05);percentage of late apoptotic cells:from 4.58% ± 1.42% to 36.32% ± 2.73%(F = 86.70,P < 0.05).Rh2 inhibited Bxpc-3 cell migration and invasion,as detected by scratch wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay [percentages of scratch wound healing for 12 h,24 h and 48 h(control vs experimental group):37.3% ± 4.8%vs 18.30% ± 1.65%,58.7% ± 3.5% vs 38.00% ± 4.09% and 93.83% ± 4.65% vs 65.50% ± 4.09%,respectively;t = 6.489,t = 6.656 and t = 7.926,respectively,P < 0.05;the number of cells invading at various concentrations(0 μmol/L,35 μmol/L,45 μmol/L and 55 μmol/L):81.10 ± 9.55,46.40 ± 6.95,24.70 ± 6.88 and 8.70 ± 3.34,respectively(F = 502.713,P < 0.05)].RT-PCR,western blotting or ELISA showed that mRNA and protein expression of Bax,cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 were upregulated(P < 0.05),while mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits proliferation,migration and invasion and induces apoptosis of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3.展开更多
Liposomes hold great potential in anti-cancer drug delivery and the targeting treatment of tumors.However,the clinical therapeutic efficacy of liposomes is still limited by the complexity of tumor microenvironment(TME...Liposomes hold great potential in anti-cancer drug delivery and the targeting treatment of tumors.However,the clinical therapeutic efficacy of liposomes is still limited by the complexity of tumor microenvironment(TME)and the insufficient accumulation in tumor sites.Meanwhile,the application of cholesterol and polyethylene glycol(PEG),which are usually used to prolong the blood circulation and stabilize the structure of liposomes respectively,has been questioned due to various disadvantages.Herein,we developed a ginsenoside Rh2-based multifunctional liposome system(Rh2-lipo)to effectively address these challenges once for all.Different with the conventional’wooden’liposomes,Rh2-lipo is a much more brilliant carrier with multiple functions.In Rh2-lipo,both cholesterol and PEG were substituted by Rh2,which works as membrane stabilizer,long-circulating stealther,active targeting ligand,and chemotherapy adjuvant at the same time.Firstly,Rh2 could keep the stability of liposomes and avoid the shortcomings caused by cholesterol.Secondly,Rh2-lipo showed a specifically prolonged circulation behavior in the blood.Thirdly,the accumulation of the liposomes in the tumor was significantly enhanced by the interaction of glucose transporter of tumor cells with Rh2.Fourth,Rh2-lipo could remodel the structure and reverse the immunosuppressive environment in TME.When tested in a 4T1 breast carcinoma xenograft model,the paclitaxel-loaded Rh2-lipo realized high efficient tumor growth suppression.Therefore,Rh2-lipo not only innovatively challenges the position of cholesterol as a liposome component,but also provides another innovative potential system with multiple functions for anti-cancer drug delivery.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨人参皂苷Rh2对糖尿病肾病变(DKL)大鼠肾脏损伤的保护作用,并阐明其作用机制。方法:通过高脂高能量饲料配以链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射方法制备DKL大鼠模型。将30只SD成模大鼠随机分为模型组、低剂量(10 mg·kg^(-1))Rh2组和高剂量(20 mg·kg^(-1))Rh2组,每组10只,另选取10只SD大鼠作为正常对照组。检测各组大鼠体质量和肾脏质量,并计算肾指数,干预8周后全自动分析仪检测各组大鼠血清肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)和24 h尿蛋白(UP)水平,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测各组大鼠肾组织中Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)水平,Western blotting法检测各组大鼠肾组织中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、Smad3和Smad7蛋白表达水平。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠体质量降低(P<0.01),肾脏质量和肾指数明显升高(P<0.01),血清中Scr、BUN和24 h UP水平均升高(P<0.01),肾组织中ColⅣ水平升高(P<0.01),肾组织中TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01),而肾组织中Smad7蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,低和高剂量Rh2组大鼠体质量升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),肾脏质量和肾指数均降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清中Scr、BUN和24 h UP水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),肾组织中ColⅣ水平降低(P<0.01),肾组织中TGF-β1和Smad3蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.01),肾组织中Smad7蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01)。结论:人参皂苷Rh2可抑制DKL大鼠肾脏纤维化,改善肾功能,对DKL大鼠肾脏有保护作用,其机制可能与Rh2调节TGF-β1/Smads信号通路表达有关。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30700252Health Department Project of Guangxi,No.Z2012104Education Department Project of Guangxi,No.201204LX048
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on the human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3.METHODS:The human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3 was cultured in vitro and treated with or without ginsenoside Rh2.Growth rates for Bxpc-3 cells were assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and colony formation assays.Cell cycle changes were analyzed by flow cytometry.Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining.A scratch assay and a Matrigel invasion assay were used to detect cell migration and invasion.Expression of Bax,Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8,and caspase-9 mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Bax,Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,cleaved caspase-3,caspase-8 and caspase-9 protein levels were examined by western blotting.Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in culture supernatants were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).RESULTS:Rh2 significantly inhibited Bxpc-3 cell proliferation in a dose-and time-dependent manner,as evaluated by the MTT(P < 0.05) and colony formation assays(P < 0.05).Compared to the control group,Rh2 significantly increased the percentage of Bxpc-3 cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase from 43.32% ± 2.17% to 71.32% ± 1.16%,which was accompanied by a decrease in S phase(from 50.86% ± 1.29% to 28.48% ± 1.18%) and G 2 /M phase(from 5.81% ± 1.19% to 0.20% ± 0.05%) in a dose-dependent manner(P < 0.05),suggesting that Rh2 arrested cell cycle progression at the G 0 /G 1 phase,as measured by flow cytometry.Compared to the control group,cells treated with Rh2 showed significantly higher apoptosis ratios in a dosedependent manner(percentage of early apoptotic cells:from 5.29% ± 2.28% to 38.90% ± 3.42%(F = 56.20,P < 0.05);percentage of late apoptotic cells:from 4.58% ± 1.42% to 36.32% ± 2.73%(F = 86.70,P < 0.05).Rh2 inhibited Bxpc-3 cell migration and invasion,as detected by scratch wound healing assay and Matrigel invasion assay [percentages of scratch wound healing for 12 h,24 h and 48 h(control vs experimental group):37.3% ± 4.8%vs 18.30% ± 1.65%,58.7% ± 3.5% vs 38.00% ± 4.09% and 93.83% ± 4.65% vs 65.50% ± 4.09%,respectively;t = 6.489,t = 6.656 and t = 7.926,respectively,P < 0.05;the number of cells invading at various concentrations(0 μmol/L,35 μmol/L,45 μmol/L and 55 μmol/L):81.10 ± 9.55,46.40 ± 6.95,24.70 ± 6.88 and 8.70 ± 3.34,respectively(F = 502.713,P < 0.05)].RT-PCR,western blotting or ELISA showed that mRNA and protein expression of Bax,cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 were upregulated(P < 0.05),while mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2,survivin,cyclin D1,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were downregulated(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Ginsenoside Rh2 inhibits proliferation,migration and invasion and induces apoptosis of the human pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc-3.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81773911,81690263 and 81573616)the Development Project of Shanghai Peak Disciplines-Integrated Medicine(No.20150407)。
文摘Liposomes hold great potential in anti-cancer drug delivery and the targeting treatment of tumors.However,the clinical therapeutic efficacy of liposomes is still limited by the complexity of tumor microenvironment(TME)and the insufficient accumulation in tumor sites.Meanwhile,the application of cholesterol and polyethylene glycol(PEG),which are usually used to prolong the blood circulation and stabilize the structure of liposomes respectively,has been questioned due to various disadvantages.Herein,we developed a ginsenoside Rh2-based multifunctional liposome system(Rh2-lipo)to effectively address these challenges once for all.Different with the conventional’wooden’liposomes,Rh2-lipo is a much more brilliant carrier with multiple functions.In Rh2-lipo,both cholesterol and PEG were substituted by Rh2,which works as membrane stabilizer,long-circulating stealther,active targeting ligand,and chemotherapy adjuvant at the same time.Firstly,Rh2 could keep the stability of liposomes and avoid the shortcomings caused by cholesterol.Secondly,Rh2-lipo showed a specifically prolonged circulation behavior in the blood.Thirdly,the accumulation of the liposomes in the tumor was significantly enhanced by the interaction of glucose transporter of tumor cells with Rh2.Fourth,Rh2-lipo could remodel the structure and reverse the immunosuppressive environment in TME.When tested in a 4T1 breast carcinoma xenograft model,the paclitaxel-loaded Rh2-lipo realized high efficient tumor growth suppression.Therefore,Rh2-lipo not only innovatively challenges the position of cholesterol as a liposome component,but also provides another innovative potential system with multiple functions for anti-cancer drug delivery.