GPCR-Gs mediates the protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 against oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-induced astrocyte injury

Objectives:To investigate whether the protective actions of ginsenoside Rb1(Rb1)on astrocytes are mediated through the G_(s)-type G-protein-coupled receptor(GPCR-G_(s)).Methods:Primary astrocyte cultures derived from neonatal mouse brain were used.Astrocyte injury was induced via oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation(OGD/R).Cell morphology,viability,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)leakage,apoptosis,glutamate uptake,and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)secretion were assessed to gauge cell survival and functionality.Western blot was used to investigate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathways.GPCR-G_(s)-specific inhibitors and molecular docking were used to identify target receptors.Results:Rb1 at concentrations ranging from 0.8 to 5μM did not significantly affect the viability,glutamate uptake,or BDNF secretion in normal astrocytes.OGD/R reduced astrocyte viability,increasing their LDH leakage and apoptosis rate.It also decreased glutamate uptake and BDNF secretion by these cells.Rb1 had protective effects of astrocytes challenged by OGD/R,by improving viability,reducing apoptosis,and enhancing glutamate uptake and BDNF secretion.Additionally,Rb1 activated the cAMP and Akt pathways in these cells.When the GPCR-G_(s) inhibitor NF449 was introduced,the protective effects of Rb1 completely disappeared,and its activation of cAMP and Akt signaling pathways was significantly inhibited.Conclusion:Rb1 protects against astrocytes from OGD/R-induced injury through GPCR-G_(s) mediation.

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of PgSQE08-01 Gene in Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.

Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.

GS评价指标在医疗绩效管理标准化中的应用

当前我国持续深化医疗体制改革,探索建立符合医疗行业特点的绩效评价制度。本文介绍了符合现代绩效管理先进理念、兼顾疾病复杂性与严重性的GS的绩效评价方法,并对公立医院医疗服务体系中传统绩效管理评价问题进行了具体分析,提出了GS评价指标在医疗绩效管理标准化中的应用策略,希望能够在综合评价医院工作人员的绩效和财务管理等工作中发挥较好的作用。

94份小麦种质Puroindoline和HMW-GS分子检测与品质分析

籽粒硬度和高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)对小麦品质起决定作用,为发掘和利用硬度Puroindoline基因和HMW-GS优异等位变异,提升长江中下游麦区中强筋小麦品质,对长江中下游麦区推广品种以及其他麦区优质推广品种和地方品种共计94份材料进行分子检测和品质分析。结果表明,硬度变幅7.21~72.91,软质类型42份、占44.68%,硬质类型42份、占44.68%,混合类型10份、占10.64%。硬度突变基因型共有5种,包括Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1s/Pinb-D1a、Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p,数量分别为8份、3份、1份、29份和9份,籽粒硬度表现依次为Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a>Pina-D1s/Pinb-D1a>Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a>Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p>Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b。HMW-GS分析表明,Glu-A1位点1和Null亚基材料比例分别为53.33%和45.56%,此外有1G330E亚基材料1份;Glu-B1位点7+8和7+9亚基材料比例分别为47.78%和46.67%,此外有14+15亚基材料3份、7OE+8*亚基材料1份、6+8亚基材料1份;Glu-D1位点2+12和5+10亚基材料比例分别为61.11%和38.89%。在微量SDS沉淀值上,Glu-A1位点的1和Null亚基、Glu-B1位点的7+8和7+9亚基无显著差异,Glu-D1位点5+10亚基极显著大于2+12亚基。硬度和SDS沉淀值呈极显著正相关,硬度对SDS沉淀值影响大于HMW-GS。本研究对小麦种质Pin和HMW-GS基因型和品质进行了分析,为小麦品质遗传改良尤其是中强筋小麦品质改良提供了参考。

Comparative analysis of physicochemical properties,ginsenosides content andα-amylase inhibitory effects in white ginseng and red ginsen

Ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)as a common dietary adjunct is widely applied in Traditional Chinese Medicine due to its health-promoting properties,but the differences between white ginseng and red ginseng was rarely studied.In the present study,color parameters and scanning electron microscope(SEM)were determined to evaluate the differences of ginseng color and microstructure induced by processing procedure.Quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single-marker(QAMS)method and anti-α-amylase activity test were used to assess variations of chemical ingredients and pharmacological activity between white and red ginseng.Finally,molecular docking studies were carried out to screen out the most effective compound againstα-amylase.Results indicated that processing had a significant impact on the physicochemical properties and pharmacological activity of white and red ginseng.After processing,the color value of L*declined significantly.Red ginseng sample displayed a compact structure and presented of a gel layer on the surface compared to white ginseng.Additionally,the content of ginsenosides and the activity of anti-α-amylase decreased.The contents of total ginsenosides were positively correlated with the anti-α-amylase activities of ginseng,and ginsenoside Rb1 might be the most effective compound to inhibit the activity ofα-amylase.

Ginsenoside Rk3 modulates gut microbiota and regulates immune response of group 3 innate lymphoid cells to against colorectal tumorigenesis

The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the immunomodulatory and protumorigenic microenvironment of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,the effect of ginsenoside Rk3(Rk3)on CRC and gut microbiota remains unclear.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to explore the potential effect of Rk3 on CRC from the perspective of gut microbiota and immune regulation.Our results reveal that treatment with Rk3 significantly suppresses the formation of colon tumors,repairs intestinal barrier damage,and regulates the gut microbiota imbalance caused by CRC,including enrichment of probiotics such as Akkermansia muciniphila and Barnesiella intestinihominis,and clearance of pathogenic Desulfovibrio.Subsequent metabolomics data demonstrate that Rk3 can modulate the metabolism of amino acids and bile acids,particularly by upregulating glutamine,which has the potential to regulate the immune response.Furthermore,we elucidate the regulatory effects of Rk3 on chemokines and inflammatory factors associated with group 3 innate lymphoid cells(ILC3s)and T helper 17(Th17)signaling pathways,which inhibits the hyperactivation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK-STAT3)signaling pathway.These results indicate that Rk3 modulates gut microbiota,regulates ILC3s immune response,and inhibits the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway to suppress the development of colon tumors.More importantly,the results of fecal microbiota transplantation suggest that the inhibitory effect of Rk3 on colon tumors and its regulation of ILC3 immune responses are mediated by the gut microbiota.In summary,these findings emphasize that Rk3 can be utilized as a regulator of the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of CRC.

蓟县地震台gPhone、DZW和GS-15重力仪重力噪声水平对比

选取蓟县地震台同址观测的3台不同型号重力仪(gPhone、DZW和GS-15)2022年全年的连续观测数据,研究不同类型仪器对环境噪声的响应,计算3种重力仪的重力噪声水平,同时计算地震频段(200~600 s)的地震噪声等级,并与全国gPhone重力仪的地震噪声等级进行对比。结果表明:1)在频率低于10-3 Hz时,扣除固体潮和气压改正可以明显改进重力噪声水平;2)相同台站不同仪器重力噪声水平不同,gPhone型重力仪的背景噪声水平低于DZW型重力仪和GS-15型重力仪,其SNM值为3.355;3)2022年全国gPhone重力仪的地震频段噪声水平均值为5.418,蓟县台的噪声水平平均值为3.465,低于全国的噪声水平。研究结果可为3类重力仪观测数据的研究应用提供参考。

SALL4、GS、HSP70在肝癌组织中的表达及其在早筛中的临床价值

目的分析婆罗双树样基因4(SALL4)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、热休克蛋白70(HSP70)在肝癌组织中的表达及其在早筛中的临床价值。方法选取2020年7月至2023年6月三台县人民医院收治的153例原发性肝癌患者(肝癌组,Edmondson病理分级:Ⅰ~Ⅱ级58例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级95例),以153例患者距肿瘤切缘>3 cm处癌旁组织作为对照组,以及同期良性肝病组织141例作为良性组。分析三组以及肝癌组不同分级患者SALL4蛋白、GS、HSP70表达情况,分析SALL4蛋白、GS、HSP70对肝癌早期诊断价值。结果SALL4蛋白、GS、HSP70在不同组织中阳性表达率均为:肝癌组>良性组>对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ级患者组织中SALL4蛋白、GS、HSP70表达阳性率均明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);依据ROC曲线可知,SALL4+GS+HSP70联合检测对肝癌早期诊断敏感度和特异度分别为95.10%、78.60%,AUC=0.838(95%CI:0.755~0.922),明显高于SALL4、GS、HSP70单独检测(P<0.05)。结论SALL4蛋白、GS、HSP70在肝癌组织中均为高表达,三者表达情况或可作为肝癌早期筛查的评估指标,在肝癌的早期诊断及病情评估中有重要的临床意义。

OBLF GS1000直读光谱仪测量碳素钢中硅含量的不确定度评定

通过OBLF GS1000直读光谱仪分析了各种不确定度分量在碳素钢中硅含量测定中的影响,提供了硅含量的测量不确定度评定过程中相关参数的采集方法和对应的计算方法。结果表明:在采用OBLF GS1000直读光谱仪测定碳素钢中硅含量的各种不确定度过程中,硅含量可表示为w(Si)=0.281 2%±0.007%(K=2);影响测量不确度最大的分量是标准物质定值分量,其次是样品测定分量引入的不确定度。

基于GS1 Digital Link的Web编码构建与案例应用

为探索GS1 Digital Link技术在产品物流中的应用潜力,分析研究了GS1系统和GS1 Digital Link的基本结构、编码特点以及技术优势,充分利用GS1 Digital Link技术可以为产品从源头到零售整个物流过程提供相关对象的Web地址编码的特点,以鲜活大闸蟹物流过程为例,构建了基于GS1 Digital Link的鲜活大闸蟹Web编码,为实现产品营销与追溯提供了标准化、动态化、多样化的编码数据支撑。

GS1系统在疫苗接种溯源中的应用研究

目的:应用GS1系统对疫苗赋码和管理进行身份定义,使用“智慧化追溯和接种系统”对疫苗储存、运输、分包、接种等环节进行追踪和交互,分析GS1在疫苗接种溯源中的实用性和可扩展性。方法:利用GS1+物联网+智慧化追溯和接种系统形成疫苗接种溯源体系,收集舟山市2018年12月至2020年11月的使用数据,对比评价GS1系统在疫苗接种使用情况。结果:通过GS1系统编码体系实践、应用,平台对49,800,350个疫苗进行赋码,对其中173,872条调拨和使用,共计关联冷链监测温度数据5,184,000条,系统接种疫苗27,789剂次,未出现接种差错和事故。结论:基于GS1系统的编码体系在疫苗赋码、储存、配送、接种使用、终端追踪等全过程跟踪追溯的实践中,满足疫苗接种溯源和数据交互等要求,能够覆盖疫苗生命周期的溯源需要。

Ginsenoside Rb1 induces hepatic stellate cell ferroptosis to alleviate liver fibrosis via the BECN1/SLC7A11 axis

Liver fibrosis is primarily driven by the activation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),a process associated with ferroptosis.Ginsenoside Rb1(GRb1),a major active component extracted from Panax ginseng,inhibits HSC activation.However,the potential role of GRb1 in mediating HSC ferroptosis remains unclear.This study examined the effect of GRb1 on liver fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro,using CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model and primary HSCs,LX-2 cells.The findings revealed that GRb1 effectively inactivated HSCs in vitro,reducing alpha-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA)and type I collagen(Col1A1)levels.Moreover,GRb1 significantly alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in vivo.From a mechanistic standpoint,the ferroptosis pathway appeared to be central to the antifibrotic effects of GRb1.Specifically,GRb1 promoted HSC ferroptosis both in vivo and in vitro,characterized by increased glutathione depletion,malondialdehyde production,iron overload,and accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Intriguingly,GRb1 increased Beclin 1(BECN1)levels and decreased the System Xc-key subunit SLC7A11.Further experiments showed that BECN1 silencing inhibited GRb1-induced effects on HSC ferroptosis and mitigated the reduction of SLC7A11 caused by GRb1.Moreover,BECN1 could directly interact with SLC7A11,initiating HSC ferroptosis.In conclusion,the suppression of BECN1 counteracted the effects of GRb1 on HSC inactivation both in vivo and in vitro.Overall,this study highlights the novel role of GRb1 in inducing HSC ferroptosis and promoting HSC inactivation,at least partly through its modulation of BECN1 and SLC7A11.

GS土体硬化剂对车站基坑加固土抗渗性能的影响

基于苏州某地铁车站基坑工程,研究了GS土体硬化剂对不同养护龄期下的粉质黏土和粉砂夹粉土抗渗性能的影响,并进行了现场试验验证。结果表明:掺入GS土体硬化剂能有效提高粉质黏土和粉砂夹粉土的抗渗性能,且随着GS土体硬化剂掺量和养护龄期的增加,提高效果更好;GS土体硬化剂在现场试桩试验中的应用效果较好,可为其在相关工程中的进一步推广应用提供参考。

A novel cabazitaxel liposomes modified with ginsenoside Rk1 for cancer targeted therapy

Objective:In this study,we aim to enhance the anti-prostate cancer efficacy of cabazitaxel(CTX)and reduce its immunosuppression and systemic toxicity by developing CTX-loaded liposomes modified with ginsenoside Rk1(Rk1/CTX-Lip).Methods:Physical and chemical properties of Rk1/CTX-Lip were investigated.We evaluated the biological functions of Rk1/CTXLip,both in vitro and in vivo.A subcutaneous prostate cancer(RM-1)-bearing mouse model was established to study the efficacy of Rk1/CTX-Lip inhibition in tumors.Simultaneously,a Candida albicans infection model was established in tumor-bearing mice to study the infection-relieving efficacy of Rk1/CTX-Lip.Finally,biocompatibility and in vivo safety of Rk1/CTX-Lip were evaluated.Results:We successfully prepared Rk1/CTX-Lip,achieving high CTX encapsulation efficiency(97.24±0.75)%and physical stability.Rk1/CTX-Lip demonstrated evasion of macrophage phagocytosis,effective tumor tissue targeting,and a significant reduction(>50%)in average tumor volume compared with Chol/CTX-Lip.Moreover,it relieved the concurrent infection burden and effectively regulated immune organs and cells,demonstrating superior biocompatibility.Conclusion:Rk1/CTX-Lip presents a promising new therapy for prostate cancer and holds potential for relieving concurrent fungal infections in cancer patients with low immunity.

Crosstalk among Oxidative Stress,Autophagy,and Apoptosis in the Protective Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells:A Mixed Computational and Experimental Study

Objective Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were found to shift from their usually inactive state to an active state in ischemic stroke (IS) and cause neuronal damage. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1),a component derived from medicinal plants,is known for its pharmacological benefits in IS,but its protective effects on BMECs have yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of GRb1 on BMECs. Methods An in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was established to mimic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Bulk RNA-sequencing data were analyzed by using the Human Autophagy Database and various bioinformatic tools,including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA),Gene Ontology (GO) classification and enrichment analysis,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis,protein-protein interaction network analysis,and molecular docking. Experimental validation was also performed to ensure the reliability of our findings. Results Rb1 had a protective effect on BMECs subjected to OGD/R injury. Specifically,GRb1 was found to modulate the interplay between oxidative stress,apoptosis,and autophagy in BMECs. Key targets such as sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62),autophagy related 5 (ATG5),and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) were identified,highlighting their potential roles in mediating the protective effects of GRb1 against IS-induced damage. Conclusion GRbl protects BMECs against OGD/R injury by influencing oxidative stress,apoptosis,and autophagy. The identification of SQSTM1/p62,ATG5,and HIF-1α as promising targets further supports the potential of GRb1 as a therapeutic agent for IS,providing a foundation for future research into its mechanisms and applications in IS treatment.

Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on hematopoietic stem cells in treating aplastic anemia in mice via MAPK pathway

BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia(AA)presents a significant clinical challenge as a life-threatening condition due to failure to produce essential blood cells,with the current the-rapeutic options being notably limited.AIM To assess the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rg1 on AA,specifically its protective effects,while elucidating the mechanism at play.METHODS We employed a model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide(CTX)in C57 mice,followed by administration of ginsenoside Rg1 over 13 d.The invest-igation included examining the bone marrow,thymus and spleen for pathological changes via hematoxylin-eosin staining.Moreover,orbital blood of mice was collected for blood routine examinations.Flow cytometry was employed to identify the impact of ginsenoside Rg1 on cell apoptosis and cycle in the bone marrow of AA mice.Additionally,the study further evaluated cytokine levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed the expression of key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway via western blot.RESULTS Administration of CTX led to significant damage to the bone marrow’s structural integrity and a reduction in hematopoietic cells,establishing a model of AA.Ginsenoside Rg1 successfully reversed hematopoietic dysfunction in AA mice.In comparison to the AA group,ginsenoside Rg1 provided relief by reducing the induction of cell apoptosis and inflammation factors caused by CTX.Furthermore,it helped alleviate the blockade in the cell cycle.Treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 significantly alleviated myelosuppression in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway.CONCLUSION This study suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 addresses AA by alleviating myelosuppression,primarily through modulating the MAPK signaling pathway,which paves the way for a novel therapeutic strategy in treating AA,highlighting the potential of ginsenoside Rg1 as a beneficial intervention.

稀疏相位恢复的改进GS和HIO算法

为了提高相位恢复的恢复度,保证恢复的唯一性,在这个基础上简化算法,提高恢复效率,本文在原有的DFRFT算法以及GS算法和HIO算法的基础上提出了两种二者结合的改进算法——DFRFT_GS和DFRFT_HIO算法,并通过大量仿真实验验证了两种算法的有效性和实用性。实验结果表明,这两种算法具有较高的相位精度和稳定性,在实际应用中具有很高的价值,且能够在较少的振幅测量情况下达到比原有的FFT算法更加优化的恢复效果。

乐天与GS能源拟扩大韩国丁二烯产能

近日,韩国乐天化学(Lotte)与GS能源公司(GS Energy)的合资企业乐天GS化学拟扩大其位于韩国丽水(Yeosu)的丁二烯产能。扩建后该丁二烯产能将由目前的90 kt/a增至210 kt/a,仅低于韩国锦湖石化(Kumho)公司237 kt/a产能,有望成为韩国主要的丁二烯生产商。

基于GS光谱锐化方法的侵蚀沟提取研究

对侵蚀沟提取研究过程中的影像多种融合方法进行比较,构建融合数据,得出适合侵蚀沟解译的融合算法,以GS光谱锐化方法为重点,论述基于融合影像以及沟底线、沟底线坡度值和目视解译提取的综合算法方法,对实验区的侵蚀沟进行提取,实现了提高图像信息量、增强侵蚀沟解译精度的目标。对侵蚀沟较为集中的地区,如东北平原腹地、黄土高原等地形区域的侵蚀沟影像自动提取具有一定的借鉴作用。

多维特征GS-SVM地下空间激光点云分割

针对激光点云在弱光和低特征点环境的点云分割中过拟合问题,本文提出了一种基于网格搜索的多项式核最小二乘支持向量机(GS-SVM)点云分割算法,提取点云的多维特征,并分别对车辆、车道线和车库障碍物柱子等多维特征进行分类;采用多尺度精度评估指标验证特征选取的有效性并评估分割算法。结果表明,与文献中传统分类算法的柱子识别率80%和车辆识别率65%相比,基于多项式核函数的分类算法对柱子和车辆的识别率分别在75%和73%以上,提高了5%和8%;在使用其他两个核函数时,GS-SVM同样保持了优势。本文算法相对于常规算法有较强的稳健性,为其在弱光和地理特征点环境的点云分割问题提供了解决方案,丰富了激光雷达三维扫描的使用场景。