Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but als...Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.展开更多
基于家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis,Nb)基因组中发现的蓖麻毒素B链(ricin B chain)序列数据设计引物,提取感染Nb第8天的家蚕幼虫中肠组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增出RBL463-4基因,并将其克隆进毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZα-A中,构建重组酵...基于家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis,Nb)基因组中发现的蓖麻毒素B链(ricin B chain)序列数据设计引物,提取感染Nb第8天的家蚕幼虫中肠组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增出RBL463-4基因,并将其克隆进毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZα-A中,构建重组酵母表达载体pPIC-R4。重组质粒pPIC-R4经SacⅠ线性化后,电击导入毕赤酵母X33中,利用博莱霉素(zeocin)筛选获得重组酵母X33/RBL463-4。以2%甲醇诱导表达后,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot检测表达产物,结果出现25kD和20kD2种蛋白,其中25kD蛋白与预测融合蛋白大小一致,表明获得了RBL463-4的融合蛋白。研究结果为进一步探究RBL463-4蛋白在家蚕微孢子虫侵染宿主过程中的功能作用奠定了基础。展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore the effect of ginsenoside Rbl on expressive proteome of rat neurons by technologies of proteomics, bioinformat- ies and MS peptide fingerprinting. [ Method ] Rat neurons were ...[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore the effect of ginsenoside Rbl on expressive proteome of rat neurons by technologies of proteomics, bioinformat- ies and MS peptide fingerprinting. [ Method ] Rat neurons were cultured conventionally and randomly separated into two groups. The experimental group was trea- ted with 5 μg/rnl Rbl for 20 min, while control group was added with the same amount of medium. After cell lysis, the whole-cell protein was extracted. Two-di- mensional electrophoresis （2-DE） was used to separate the extracts. Differential expression of proteome between the two groups was analyzed by using ImageMaster 2D Platinum v5.0 software and the two protein spots expressed differently were selected for differential identification with MALDI-TOF-MS. [ Result] Based on the matching and comparative analysis of the protein spots, 418 protein spots were detected in experimental group, including 226 protein spots with differently expres- sive levels; according to the mass spectrometry, the two ginsenoside Rbl-related and differentially-expressed protein spots were identified as cytochrome P-450 and phosducin-like protein, and both of them were phosphorylated proteins. [ Conclusion ] This study showed that the functions of those identified proteins were in- volved in signal transduction, suggesting that the effect of ginsenoside Rbl on expressive proteome of rat neurons might be related to the corresponding signal trans- duction networks.展开更多
Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine on rats model of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods Aggregated β-Amyloid peptide (25-35) was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats...Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine on rats model of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods Aggregated β-Amyloid peptide (25-35) was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats to establish AD models. Ginsenoside Rg-1, Gastrodine and Ginsenoside Rg-1+Gastrodine were intraperitoneally injected into rats of each test group(Ginsenoside Rg-1∶10mg/kg·day; Gastrodine 100mg/kg·day) for 4 weeks, the rats of control group received equal volume of saline. Passive avoidance task and Morris maze test were done to assess the ability of learning and memory. The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondiadehyde (MDA), total-antioxidative capability (T-AOC), Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in brain tissue were measured. Results Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine significantly improved learning and memory deficits in the rats with AD induced by β-Amyloid peptide (25-35) (P<0.05). Ginsenoside Rg-1+Gastrodine group were better than Ginsenoside Rg-1 group and Gastrodine group (P<0.05). Ginsenoside Rg-1 reduced the increase of SOD, MDA, but inhibited the decrease of T-AOC, AchE and ChAT; Gastrodine reduced the increase of SOD, MDA, while inhibited the decrease of T-AOC. Gastrodine could also prevent the activity of ChAT and AchE decline in AD rats. Conclusion Both Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine have therapeutic effects on rats with AD; Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine injection at the same time were better than only using one of them. Their mechanisms might different. Ginsenoside Rg-1 can not only inhibit peroxidation but also increase the activity of AchE and ChAT in brain tissue, while Gastrodine can inhibit peroxidation only, but it can't prevent the decline of ChAT and AchE activity in AD rats.展开更多
基金This work was supported by an award from the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(20210402043GH and 20210204063YY).
文摘Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.is an important plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine,whose primary active ingredient is a ginsenoside.Ginsenoside biosynthesis is not only regulated by transcription factors but also controlled by a variety of structural genes.Nonetheless,the molecular mechanism underlying ginsenoside biosynthesis has always been a topic in the discussion of ginseng secondary metabolites.Squalene epoxidase(SQE)is a key enzyme in the mevalonic acid pathway,which affects the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as terpenoid.Using ginseng transcriptome,expression,and ginsenoside content databases,this study employed bioinformatic methods to systematically analyze the genes encoding SQE in ginseng.We first selected six PgSQE candidates that were closely involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis and then identified PgSQE08-01 to be highly associated with ginsenoside biosynthesis.Next,we constructed the overexpression vector pCAMBIA3301-PgSQE08-01 and the RNAi vector pART27-PgSQE08-01 and transformed ginseng adventitious roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenes,to obtain positive hairy-root clones.Thereafter,quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to determine the expression of relevant genes and ginsenoside content,respectively.Then,we focused on the function of PgSQE08-01 gene,which was noted to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis.Thus,these findings not only provided a molecular basis for the identification of important functional genes in ginseng but also enriched genetic resources for the biosynthesis of ginsenosides using synthetic biology.
文摘基于家蚕微孢子虫(Nosema bombycis,Nb)基因组中发现的蓖麻毒素B链(ricin B chain)序列数据设计引物,提取感染Nb第8天的家蚕幼虫中肠组织总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增出RBL463-4基因,并将其克隆进毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZα-A中,构建重组酵母表达载体pPIC-R4。重组质粒pPIC-R4经SacⅠ线性化后,电击导入毕赤酵母X33中,利用博莱霉素(zeocin)筛选获得重组酵母X33/RBL463-4。以2%甲醇诱导表达后,经SDS-PAGE、Western blot检测表达产物,结果出现25kD和20kD2种蛋白,其中25kD蛋白与预测融合蛋白大小一致,表明获得了RBL463-4的融合蛋白。研究结果为进一步探究RBL463-4蛋白在家蚕微孢子虫侵染宿主过程中的功能作用奠定了基础。
基金Supported by the Fund of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education( 2006C010)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to explore the effect of ginsenoside Rbl on expressive proteome of rat neurons by technologies of proteomics, bioinformat- ies and MS peptide fingerprinting. [ Method ] Rat neurons were cultured conventionally and randomly separated into two groups. The experimental group was trea- ted with 5 μg/rnl Rbl for 20 min, while control group was added with the same amount of medium. After cell lysis, the whole-cell protein was extracted. Two-di- mensional electrophoresis （2-DE） was used to separate the extracts. Differential expression of proteome between the two groups was analyzed by using ImageMaster 2D Platinum v5.0 software and the two protein spots expressed differently were selected for differential identification with MALDI-TOF-MS. [ Result] Based on the matching and comparative analysis of the protein spots, 418 protein spots were detected in experimental group, including 226 protein spots with differently expres- sive levels; according to the mass spectrometry, the two ginsenoside Rbl-related and differentially-expressed protein spots were identified as cytochrome P-450 and phosducin-like protein, and both of them were phosphorylated proteins. [ Conclusion ] This study showed that the functions of those identified proteins were in- volved in signal transduction, suggesting that the effect of ginsenoside Rbl on expressive proteome of rat neurons might be related to the corresponding signal trans- duction networks.
文摘Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine on rats model of Alzheimer's disease(AD). Methods Aggregated β-Amyloid peptide (25-35) was injected into the lateral ventricle of rats to establish AD models. Ginsenoside Rg-1, Gastrodine and Ginsenoside Rg-1+Gastrodine were intraperitoneally injected into rats of each test group(Ginsenoside Rg-1∶10mg/kg·day; Gastrodine 100mg/kg·day) for 4 weeks, the rats of control group received equal volume of saline. Passive avoidance task and Morris maze test were done to assess the ability of learning and memory. The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondiadehyde (MDA), total-antioxidative capability (T-AOC), Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in brain tissue were measured. Results Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine significantly improved learning and memory deficits in the rats with AD induced by β-Amyloid peptide (25-35) (P<0.05). Ginsenoside Rg-1+Gastrodine group were better than Ginsenoside Rg-1 group and Gastrodine group (P<0.05). Ginsenoside Rg-1 reduced the increase of SOD, MDA, but inhibited the decrease of T-AOC, AchE and ChAT; Gastrodine reduced the increase of SOD, MDA, while inhibited the decrease of T-AOC. Gastrodine could also prevent the activity of ChAT and AchE decline in AD rats. Conclusion Both Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine have therapeutic effects on rats with AD; Ginsenoside Rg-1 and Gastrodine injection at the same time were better than only using one of them. Their mechanisms might different. Ginsenoside Rg-1 can not only inhibit peroxidation but also increase the activity of AchE and ChAT in brain tissue, while Gastrodine can inhibit peroxidation only, but it can't prevent the decline of ChAT and AchE activity in AD rats.
