Fatigue Crack Propagation Law of Corroded Steel Box Girders in Long Span Bridges

In order to investigate the fatigue performance of orthotropic anisotropic steel bridge decks,this study realizes the simulation of the welding process through elastic-plastic finite element theory,thermal-structural sequential coupling,and the birth-death element method.The simulated welding residual stresses are introduced into the multiscale finite element model of the bridge as the initial stress.Furthermore,the study explores the impact of residual stress on crack propagation in the fatigue-vulnerable components of the corroded steel box girder.The results indicate that fatigue cracks at the weld toe of the top deck,the weld root of the top deck,and the opening of the transverse diaphragm will not propagate under the action of a standard vehicle load.However,the inclusion of residual stress leads to the propagation of these cracks.When considering residual stress,the fatigue crack propagation paths at the weld toe of the transverse diaphragm and the U-rib weld toe align with those observed in actual bridges.In the absence of residual stress,the cracks at the toe of the transverse diaphragm with a 15%mass loss rate are categorized as type I cracks.Conversely,when residual stress is considered,these cracks become I-II composite cracks.Residual stress significantly alters the cumulative energy release rate of the three fracturemodes.Therefore,incorporating the influence of residual stress is essential when assessing the fatigue performance of corroded steel box girders in long-span bridges.

A Method in Mixed Frequency-time domain for Fatigue Life Estimation of Steel Girders of Cable-stayed Bridges Due to Buffeting

发展了斜拉桥钢主梁抖振疲劳寿命的混合时－频域方法．在本方法中，首先建立了桥面处的风速风向概率密度函数，导出的应力谱因其包括背景分量而不再是窄带谱．据应力谱模拟出了疲劳应力的时间历程，并用雨流计数法统计了其幅值特性．基于修正的Ｍｉｎｅｒ定理导出了考虑风速风向作用的桥梁主梁抖振疲劳寿命的估算公式，并用此分析了杨浦大桥钢主梁的抖振疲劳寿命．结果表明，风向对抖振疲劳寿命有很大影响；杨浦大桥主梁的疲劳寿命远大于设计寿命．

Estimating extreme temperature differences in steel box girder using long-term measurement data

The extreme temperature differences in fiat steel box girder of a cable-stayed bridge were studied.Firstly,by using the long-term measurement data collected by the structural health monitoring system installed on the Runyang Cable-stayed Bridge,the daily variations as well as seasonal ones of measured temperature differences in the box girder cross-section area were summarized.The probability distribution models of temperature differences were further established and the extreme temperature differences were estimated with a return period of 100 years.Finally,the temperature difference models in cross-section area were proposed for bridge thermal design.The results show that horizontal temperature differences in top plate and vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are considerable.All the positive and negative temperature differences can be described by the weighted sum of two Weibull distributions.The maximum positive and negative horizontal temperature differences in top plate are 10.30 ℃ and -13.80 ℃,respectively.And the maximum positive and negative vertical temperature differences between top plate and bottom plate are 17.30 ℃ and-3.70 ℃,respectively.For bridge thermal design,there are two vertical temperature difference models between top plate and bottom plate,and six horizontal temperature difference models in top plate.

The study of temperature effects on steel box girder for Taizhou Bridge

Using the temperature gradient which was proposed by continuously measuring flat steel box girder of Runyang Bridge, temperature effects of flat steel box girder were studied for Taizhou Bridge. With three temperature gradient models （JTG D60--2004 specification, BS5400 specification and the temperature gradient which was proposed in this paper）, the stress of control sections was calculated by finite element program ANSYS. The calculated result indicated that the temperature gradient that was put forward in JTG D60-2004 specification and BS5400 specification for calculating the stress of fiat steel box girder was not suitable to apply to fiat steel box girder. The temperature gradient on flat steel box girder which was proposed in this paper was reasonable.

Fatigue Performance of Orthotropic Steel Decks in Super-Wide Steel Box Girder Considering Transverse Distribution of Vehicle Load

This study presents an investigation on the fatigue analysis of four types of details on orthotropic steel decks(OSDs)for a cable-stayed super-wide steel box girder bridge based on finite-element analysis(FEA)with vehicle transverse distribution model(VTDM).A high-fidelity 3D FE model verified by the static load test is established to satisfy the fatigue analysis accuracy.The stress behavior of super-wide steel box girders under the vehicle load at different lane locations is investigated.Then,considering the effect of VTDM,the fatigue life analysis of four typical details is performed using the Miner cumulative damage rule.The results show that the vehicle transverse location has a great influence on the stress behavior of details with sharp influence surface,and the stress ranges in the outermost lane are larger than those in other lanes,indicating that the details of OSD in the outermost lane are prone to fatigue.The fatigue life analysis indicates that the diaphragm cutout is more prone to fatigue than other details,which should be carefully treated in bridge maintenance.

Fatigue Performance Analysis and Evaluation for Steel Box Girder Based on Structural Health Monitoring System

Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge as a long-span suspension bridge,the finite element model(FEM)of it is established using the ANSYS Software.The beam4 element is used to simulate the main beam to establish the“spine beam”model of the Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge.The calculated low-order vibration mode frequency of the FEM is in good agreement with the completion test results.The model can simulate the overall dynamic response of the bridge.Based on the vehicle load survey,the Monte Carlo method is applied to simulate the traffic load flow.Then the overall dynamic response analysis of FEM is car-ried out.Taking the bending moment of the main beam as the control index,the fatigue sensitive section in the steel box girder of FEM is analyzed.Based on the strain time history data of steel box girder recorded by the structural health mon-itoring system(SHM),the true stress response of steel box girder under vehicle load is extracted.Taking the cumulative fatigue damage increment as the evalua-tion index,the fati gue performance evaluation of the steel box girders is con-ducted based on the collected health monitoring data.The fatigue effect of the beam section near the steel tower,especially the first section of the middle tower,is the key section of the fatigue analysis by health morning system,which is con-sistent with the calculation results of FEM.

Study in the design and manufacture process of the elastic cable anchor box in steel box girder of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety coefficient of the middle saddle, and improve the stress conditions of the middle pylon and decrease the deflection in the middle of the main girder, as well as the longitudinal displacement of the main girder caused by live loads. The anchorage boxes of the elastic cable are installed in the wind fairing outside the vertical web plate of the box girder. Two anchor boxes form a pair and are arranged parallelly. Eight anchor boxes are installed in the bridge. In this paper, the design scheme and the technical difficulties in manufacturing are briefly discussed with the precision control techniques.

GMA material design and construction quality control for asphalt pavement of steel box girder: Case study of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge

To improve the quality of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge paving project,a new paving layer material,Guss-mastic asphalt(GMA),was proposed in this paper by combining the advantages of two types of cast asphalt mixtures:mastic asphalt(MA)and Guss asphalt(GA).Based on the characteristics of GMA,to simulate its actual production process,this study developed a small-simulated cooker mixing equipment.Moreover,the flow degree,60C dynamic stability,and impact toughness were proposed to be used to evaluate the construction and ease,high temperature stability,and fatigue resistance of GMA cast asphalt mixtures,respectively.Moreover,the quality control standards for GMA paving materials by indoor tests,field trial mix GMA material performance tests,and accelerated loading tests were finalized.The study showed that the developed simulated cooker yielded consistent mixing results in the same working environment as the engineering cooker device.Increasing the coarse aggregate incorporation rate,coarsening the mastic epure(ME)gradation composition,and using a smaller oil to stone ratio can reduce the flowability of the GMA materials to varying degrees.The four-point bending fatigue life and impact toughness of the different GMA materials are correlated well.A mobility of<20 s,60C dynamic stability of 400–800 times/mm,15C impact toughness of400 N⋅mm,and cooker car mixing temperature control standard of 210C–230C form an appropriate control index system for the design and production of GMA cast asphalt mixtures.Simultaneously,accelerated loading tests verified the accuracy and reliability of the quality control index system that has been used in the GMA paving project of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge deck and has achieved good application results.

Research on overall assembling and welding process of steel box girder tuyere blocks of Taizhou Bridge

This article presents in detail the assembling and welding process technique of the steel box girder tuyere blocks of Taizhou Bridge. The application of this process technique effectively solves the problem of welding stress release in tuyere block assembling and welding without increasing the number of turns of the blocks and overhead welding, thus avoiding possible structural deformation due to excessive accumulation of internal welding stress, greatly reducing the repeated deformation and correction work during assembling and welding, and ensuring the weld seam quality and overall dimensions of tuvere blocks of Taizhou Bridze.

Stress and noises of steel box girders in Sutong Bridge

Sutong Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1 088 m. 370 high-precision stress monitoring measured data show that in the process of hoisting the steel box girders,the stress of the main girders is in the fluctuant and complex state and many meteorological factors,such as sunshine radiation,temperature and wind,have important influence on the change of stress of the steel box girders. According to the real-time weather data,the stress data after the process of wavelet denoising from representative measuring points in different weather conditions is picked to establish the stress response brought by meteorological factors with Layered Separation method,thereby basically eliminating the influence of meteorological factors on the stress of main girders,so that accurate and reliable stress data can be got for steel box girders adjustment and cable-tensioned construction control.

Design of steel box girder for Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is the first three-pylon two-span suspension bridge in China. The main girder adopts flat steamline steel closed box girder which has well wind-resistant capability and is technically mature besides beautiful appearance. Straight web plates of the steel box girder in longitudinal direction are proposed in order to ensure the integrity of the steel box girder, and to keep the stress of the steel box girder continuous in the middle pylon, as well as to reduce the gradient of the middle pylon columns. The cross section of the box girder has one box with three cells. Solid-web diaphragm plate with good integrity and high torsional stiffness is adopted. The lifting lugs are utilized in the anchors of suspender cable. In this paper, selection of the cross section of the steel box girder, the general structure design, local structure design and main structure calculation results of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge are introduced emphatically.

Study on the Mechanical Properties of Irregular Curved Steel Box Girder for City Viaduct

This paper deeply analyses the influence of different local tectonic on stress performance of spatial curved steel box Girder Bridge, using the finite element analysis software to establish space finite element model of this bridge, calculation and analysis were made on the bridge of the strength, stiffness. It has certain reference value for guiding engineering design, have a good foundation for the mechanical properties and stability of linear and nonlinear further study of curved steel box girder.

Research on Construction Process of Steel Box Girder Bridge and Its Stress Analysis

The paper introduce the construction method of large segment hosting and its difficulty, and drawing up corresponding liner and stress monitoring plan. The paper gives the calculation method of shear area for such a big cantilever thin-walled steel box girder section, namely the shear coefficient computation theory of Professor Hu Haichang, and the use of this shear area perfect beam element model, structure model and the experiment prove that the shell model is more consistent, given a certain reference for similar section project.

Dynamic Response Impact of Vehicle Braking on Simply Supported Beam Bridges with Corrugated Steel Webs Based on Vehicle-Bridge Coupled Vibration Analysis

A novel approach for analyzing coupled vibrations between vehicles and bridges is presented,taking into account spatiotemporal effects and mechanical phenomena resulting fromvehicle braking.Efficient modeling and solution of bridge vibrations induced by vehicle deceleration are realized using this method.The method’s validity and reliability are substantiated through numerical examples.A simply supported beam bridge with a corrugated steel web is taken as an example and the effects of parameters such as the initial vehicle speed,braking acceleration,braking location,and road surface roughness on the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge are analyzed.The results show that vehicle braking significantly amplifies mid-span displacement and impact factor responses in comparison to uniform vehicular motion across the bridge.Notably,the influence of wheelto-bridge friction forces is of particular significance and cannot be overlooked.When the vehicle initiates braking near the middle of the span,both the mid-span displacement and impact factor of the bridge exhibit substantial increases,further escalating with higher braking acceleration.Under favorable road surface conditions,the midspan displacement and the impact factor during vehicle braking may exceed the design values stipulated by codes.It is important to note that road surface roughness exerts a more pronounced effect on the impact factor of the bridge in comparison to the effects of vehicle braking.

基于车桥耦合振动的双层钢桁梁斜拉桥行车舒适度分析

探究车辆在双层钢桁梁斜拉桥的行车舒适性,为优化双层桥梁结构设计理论提供依据。以车桥耦合振动理论为基础,利用ANSYS分析软件进行数值模拟,通过求解车体的振动加速度,并根据《机械振动和冲击—评估人体暴露于全身振动的情况》(ISO2631-1)中均方根乘值法对乘车舒适性进行评价,探究了单(双)层加载、车速、车载质量、桥面不平顺度、车辆间距、车辆数目等因素对行车舒适性的影响。相较于单层通车,上下层同时通车时车体的振动强度略微降低;当车载质量越小或车速越大时,车体的加速度均方根值会逐渐增大;路面对车体振动强度影响较大,当路面等级处于较差的D级和E级时,车体振动强度会成倍增加。双层同时加载时,车辆的行车舒适性略优于单层通车;保持适当的车速或增大车载质量可以提高司乘人员的行车舒适性;行车舒适性对于路面等级较为敏感,当路面等级较差时,车内司乘人员受其影响无法长时间乘车。

考虑风-温耦合的钢箱梁外形对温度效应影响研究

为了准确分析钢箱梁外形对截面温度特性的影响规律,提出了一种考虑钢箱梁周围局部风场与温度场相互作用的有限元分析方法,采用折减系数k来建立钢箱梁周围热边界层高度处风速U_(a)与远处气象站实测风速U的对应关系,对比分析了是否考虑风-温耦合对钢箱梁截面温度分布的影响,探讨了不同风嘴形式、截面宽高比、不同栏杆形式以及铺装厚度对钢箱梁截面温度分布的影响规律。研究表明:钢箱梁周围热边界层厚度处的风速U_(a)呈不均匀分布,且与远处风速U呈线性正相关;不考虑风-温耦合会明显低估钢箱梁顶板表面温度;钢箱梁截面的风嘴、截面宽高比、栏杆参数以及铺装厚度均会影响钢箱梁横截面的温度分布,改变截面的温差,因此,在桥梁的设计中,钢箱梁外形对截面温度分布的影响不可忽视。

基于Python的ABAQUS华伦形钢桁梁多尺度模型二次开发

华伦形钢桁梁是目前大跨度铁路悬索桥应用最多的加劲梁形式,但由于结构形式复杂且桥梁跨度不断增加,导致建模过程繁琐。为提高多尺度模型前处理效率,基于Python语言开发了华伦形钢桁梁与桥面板快速建模插件,通过内核执行代码与ABAQUS GUI图形界面交互实现了钢桁梁节段的参数化建模。以我国西南峡谷地区在建SQ铁路悬索桥为例,建立了全桥的多尺度有限元模型,对典型钢梁节段吊装过程进行了抗风验算,并与MIDAS、ANSYS两类有限元软件的计算结果进行了对比,风致位移响应在不同吊装高度的趋势基本一致且误差较小。研究结果表明:所开发的快速建模插件各预设功能均可正常实现,在确保计算精度的同时极大地提高了复杂钢桁梁结构的建模效率。

基于点云配准的钢箱梁数字化拼装方法

基于全站仪检测结果修正钢箱梁模型并生成对应三维点云模型,利用RANSAC聚类算法,实现钢箱梁的拼接控制截面点云数据提取,并通过利用边缘准则(Angle Criterion)算法实现截面点云的边缘提取。结合拼接控制点集的快速四点一致配准(4PCS)和快速全局配准(FGR)算法,完成钢箱梁拼接的配准拼装。结合实验室试验,通过拼装具有典型钢箱梁特征的钢结构试件,验证了本文提出钢箱梁智能化虚拟预拼装方法的精度和可行性。通过对比实体预拼装与虚拟预拼装在拼装效率和检测结果上的差异,分析了基于三维点云的装配式钢箱梁虚拟预拼装方法的诸多优势。

基于气象参数的钢箱梁竖向温度梯度模式

【目标】基于气象参数,利用统计分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,确定钢箱梁在日照环境下的温度梯度模式,以解决传统实桥温度试验方法工作量大、成本高的问题。【方法】以浙江省杭州江东大桥为例,根据热传导原理,借助有限元软件,建立了包含铺装层的钢箱梁二维数值模型,并将模型计算结果与实桥获取的少量温度测量数据进行对比,以验证模型的准确性和可靠性。【数据】基于杭州地区2014年至2016年夏季晴天及多云天的气象数据,借助有限元软件计算得到江东大桥带铺装层钢箱梁的日最大竖向正温差样本数据,并对样本数据进行统计分析,最终得到钢箱梁具有50 a重现期的竖向正温差标准值。【结果】温度计算值与实测值吻合较好,两者最大差值不超过1.5℃;江东大桥钢箱梁夏季晴天及多云天的日最大竖向正温差服从广义极值分布;江东大桥带铺装层钢箱梁竖向正温差标准值为16.82℃,该值小于按照相关桥梁设计规范计算得到的取值。【应用】不同地区气象条件差异使得规范统一的温度梯度模式无法完全涵盖中国所有区域,本研究方法为根据当地气象条件,得到适用于该地区钢箱梁的温度梯度模式提供了参考。

晋江世纪大道大跨径简支钢箱梁上部结构设计

晋江世纪大道南延伸至科院路(南安段)工程奎峰大桥采用单孔跨径66m简支钢箱梁桥上跨主路左、右辅道。本文应用MIDAS对大跨径简支钢箱梁上部结构进行有限元分析,结果表明,结构验算满足规范要求,充分体现了大跨径简支钢箱梁的结构性能及受力特征。前期设计阶段对钢箱梁上部结构往往仅采用杆系模型进行匡算分析,即此阶段仅考虑第一体系受力分析结果,计算结果表明第二体系应力较大,不容忽视。本文大跨径钢箱梁顶、底、腹板、加劲板、横隔板等构造尺寸、布置等细节可为类似的钢箱梁上部结构设计提供参考。