Longitudinal vibration characteristics of a tapered pipe pile considering the vertical support of surrounding soil and construction disturbance

This research is concentrated on the longitudinal vibration of a tapered pipe pile considering the vertical support of the surrounding soil and construction disturbance.First,the pile-soil system is partitioned into finite segments in the vertical direction and the Voigt model is applied to simulate the vertical support of the surrounding soil acting on the pile segment.The surrounding soil is divided into finite ring-shaped zones in the radial direction to consider the construction disturbance.Then,the shear complex stiffness at the pile-soil interface is derived by solving the dynamic equilibrium equation for the soil from the outermost to innermost zone.The displacement impedance at the top of an arbitrary pile segment is obtained by solving the dynamic equilibrium equation for the pile and is combined with the vertical support of the surrounding soil to derive the displacement impedance at the bottom of the upper adjacent segment.Further,the displacement impedance at the pile head is obtained based on the impedance function transfer technique.Finally,the reliability of the proposed solution is verified,followed by a sensitivity analysis concerning the coupling effect of the pile parameters,construction disturbance and the vertical support of the surrounding soil on the displacement impedance of the pile.

Occasional Forces and Displacements of Longitudinally Coupled Ballastless Jointless Turnout on Bridges

For the longitudinally coupled baUastless turnout on Leida bridge on Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger dedicated line （PDL） in China, a turnout （cross over）-track slab-bridge deck-pier integrated finite element model was established, in which two No. 18 jointless turnouts with movable frogs in form of crossover, longitudinally coupled ballastless track, bridges and piers were regarded as one system. Based on this model, the additional forces and displacement regularities of turnouts, track slab, bridges and piers under occasional loading were analyzed, and the effect of occasional loading position was researched. The results show that slab breaking is more influential on the longitudinal force and deformation of the whole system than rail breaking, that slab breaking on one line could deteriorate both the slab force on another line and the forces exerted on the piers and fastener components, and that a great slab force at the left end of the continuous bridge expansion joint should be particularly avoided in design.

Simultaneously detecting transversal and longitudinal displacement with the dielectric metasurface

The compact,sensitive,and multidimensional displacement measurement device plays a crucial role in semiconductor manufacture and high-resolution optical imaging.The metasurface offers a promising solution to develop high-precision displacement metrology.In this work,we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a two-dimensional displacement(XZ)measurement device by a dielectric metasurface.Both transversal and longitudinal displacements of the metasurface can be obtained by the analysis of the interference optical intensity that is generated by the deflected light beams while the metasurface is under linearly polarized incidence.We experimentally demonstrated that displacements down to 5.4 nm along the x-axis and 0.12μm along the z-axis can be resolved with a 900μm×900μm metasurface.Our work opens up new possibilities to develop a compact high-precision multidimensional displacement sensor.

Study on the Girder-End Displacement of a Suspension Bridge Based on Field Measurements

The load-response correlation is a great concern for the management and maintenance agency of bridges. Based on both the load test data and the long-term structural health monitoring data, this study aims to characterize the variation in the girder-end longitudinal displacement of a long-span suspension bridge, i.e., the Zhaoyun Bridge in Guangdong Province of China. The load test provides a valuable chance to investigate the structural deformation in high loading levels, while the structural health monitoring system records the real-time, in-site, and long-term measurements in the normal operational stage of bridges. During the load test, the movement direction of the main girder is found to depend on the relative position of the center of gravity of the girder and the loading vehicles. However, over the period of normal operation, the quasi-static displacement at the ends of the main girder along the bridge axis is dominated by the temperature variations, rather than the traffic loading. The temperature-induced deformation is considerable so it should be filtered out from the structural total responses to highlight the live load effects or the anomalies of the bridge. As a case study, the temperature-displacement baseline model of the Zhaoyun Bridge is established and then utilized to identify the erroneous measurements in the structural health monitoring system. This paper serves as a reference for the structural behavior interpretation and performance evaluation of similar bridges.

Analytical algorithm for longitudinal deformation profile of a deep tunnel

To investigate the longitudinal deformation profile(LDP)of a deep tunnel in non-hydrostatic condition,an analytical model is proposed in our study.In this model,the problem is considered as a superposition of two partial models,and the displacement field of the second partial model is the same as that of the concerned problem.Therefore,the problem can be solved by a model with simple boundary conditions.We obtain the solutions for the stress and displacement fields of an infinite body caused by arbitrary surface tractions on the boundary of the coming tunnel(zone inside the tunnel before excavation)by integrating the extended Kelvin solution over the boundary.The obtained stress solution is used to solve the specific surface tractions,which can satisfy the boundary conditions of the second partial model,on the boundary of the coming tunnel in an infinite body.Then,the specific surface tractions are substituted into the obtained displacement solution to solve the displacement on the wall and face of the tunnel.Therefore,the LDP can also be calculated.The proposed solution is verified by both numerical simulation and the LDP functions recommended by other researchers.The major advantage of our analytical model is that it can consider the effects of the axial and horizontal lateral pressure coefficients.It is revealed that the horizontal lateral pressure coefficient majorly affects the LDP behind the tunnel face,while the axial lateral pressure coefficient dominates the LDP ahead of the tunnel face.Furthermore,the deformation characteristics of the LDPs ahead of the face and the unexcavated core are investigated.The axial displacements of the excavation face can be used to predict the crown displacements ahead of the face.

The Use of Tamping Machine for Diagnosising the Longitudinal Forces in Rails of CWR Track

In the novel approach to the diagnostic tests of continuous welded rail （CWR） track by the use of the tamping machine, the fundamental statement related to the recording of the curvature with a definite value of the lateral displacement being subjected to verification, can provide a basis for the determination of the longitudinal axial force in the rail. An attempt has also been made to define an alternative factor which by means of the measured signals, could be used for the determination of the axial forces in the rail sections. A power engineering approach has been adopted to this concept. Within the framework of the experimental investigations, measurements were carried out in the track test section. The investigations were based on stretching the rail sections by stretchers and on lateral displacements of the track by the tamping machine. The operation of the measuring apparatus was also tested in the experimental railway track section while carrying out the geometrical adjustments by the tamping machine. As a result of next series of the investigation carried out in 2006-2007, the authors worked out a procedure of estimating the longitudinal forces in rails of CWR track.

齿轨铁路桥上板式无砟轨道纵向力学特性研究

为研究齿轨铁路桥上铺设CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道的纵向力学特性,基于有限元理论和混凝土塑性损伤理论,建立齿轨-无砟轨道-桥梁精细化分析模型,分析不同坡度下轨道结构应力变化和变形规律。研究结果表明:上坡侧的轨道板端位置为荷载最不利位置。可在小于150‰坡度的齿轨铁路上直接应用CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道,坡度大于150‰时轨道板产生局部损伤;整体温度变化量为15~25℃时轨道板损伤较大。轨道纵向位移增长率随坡度增加逐渐减小,底座板位移增长率最大,150‰坡度时轨道最大位移为1.6 mm左右;底座板凹槽最大压缩量为0.52 mm,为增强凹槽限位能力,可调整凹槽上、下坡侧的垫层刚度。轨道与桥面层间约束不足,为相对不稳定层面,应采取增大桥面板凿毛程度、调整预埋钢筋规格等纵向稳定措施。

Analysis of the interaction between bolt-reinforced rock and surface support in tunnels based on convergence-confinement method

To investigate the interaction of the bolt-reinforced rock and the surface support,an analytical model of the convergence-confinement type is proposed,considering the sequential installation of the fully grouted rockbolts and the surface support.The rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic material,obeying the linear Mohr-Coulomb criterion or the non-linear Hoek-Brown criterion.According to the strain states of the tunnel wall at bolt and surface support installation and the relative magnitude between the bolt length and the plastic depth during the whole process,six cases are categorized upon solving the problem.Each case is divided into three stages due to the different effects of the active rockbolts and the passive surface support.The fictitious pressure is introduced to quantify the threedimensional(3D)effect of the tunnel face,and thus,the actual physical location along the tunnel axis of the analytical section can be considered.By using the bolt-rock strain compatibility and the rocksurface support displacement compatibility conditions,the solutions of longitudinal tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of surface support along the tunnel axis are obtained.The proposed analytical solutions are validated by a series of 3D numerical simulations.Extensive parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of the typical parameters of rockbolts and surface support on the tunnel displacement and the reaction pressure of the surface support under different rock conditions.The results show that the rockbolts are more effective in controlling the tunnel displacement than the surface support,which should be installed as soon as possible with a suitable length.For tunnels excavated in weak rocks or with restricted displacement control requirements,the surface support should also be installed or closed timely with a certain stiffness.The proposed method provides a convenient alternative approach for the optimization of rockbolts and surface support at the preliminary stage of tunnel design.

钢轨纵向位移快速测量系统的方法与应用

钢轨纵向位移是无缝线路状态演变的典型表现,监测钢轨纵向位移情况成为无缝线路养护维修的重点工作。然而,目前常用的无缝线路状态监测方法均基于固定式设备,大多存在成本高、精度差的弊端,且较难实现快速监测。开发设计一种动态的无缝线路钢轨爬行快速测量系统,基于机器视觉技术,对轨标和道旁基标图像进行特征提取,并通过对轨道场景进行还原和追踪,实现对无缝线路状态的监测。通过系统在现场的应用测试验证了该监测方法良好的适用性,在现场试验中钢轨纵向位移的测量精度可控制在±1 mm范围内,满足监测要求。该系统提高了无缝线路养护维修作业效率,降低了人工劳动强度,可为无缝线路科学精细化管理提供借鉴。

隧道纵向开挖变形位移监测数值仿真分析

隧道纵向开挖变形位移监测数值仿真分析在监测过程中存在位移数据收集失误的情况,检测数值仿真的精准程度较低,在进行仿真的同时需调节位移数据收录系统的监测结构,影响最终的仿真效果。针对此类问题,构建隧道纵向开挖变形位移监测数值仿真模型,根据地基与隧道的模型结构设置参数,进一步调整预测的变形位移监测数据,精准录入收集的监测信息,获取精确度较高的位移数值,并构建数值仿真模型,完成整体数值仿真分析研究。结果可知,该数值仿真分析方法具有较强的监测精准度,在相同的地表数据沉降拟合条件下,监测的地表沉降值与实际值的误差为0.005%,隧道隆起值与实际值的误差为0.001%,能有效监测隧道变形位移状况,具有较强的监测性能。

单元化纵连无砟轨道在限位条件下的温度变形及损伤研究

对纵连板式无砟轨道进行单元化,有望从源头上控制温度效应过大引起的结构损伤,降低结构失稳风险,但需要在单元化过程中对轨道结构进行限位。借助数值仿真计算,研究植筋和扣压两种限位条件下不同单元节段长度的纵连板式无砟轨道温度变形和损伤。研究认为:在单元节段的两端,植筋比扣压更能有效控制轨道板纵向变形,而两种限位方式对板角变形的控制效果相差不大;层间纵向位移差的总体控制可由植筋方式实现,而在板角处采用扣压方式更佳。植筋后,单元节段长度对植筋孔的混凝土损伤几乎没有影响;扣压后,当整体温升低于5℃时,单元节段长度对板角的混凝土损伤几乎没有影响,而当整体温升大于5℃时,单元节段长度的影响显著。植筋后,受拉损伤先出现在植筋孔孔壁处,随着整体温升增高,损伤区域朝轨道板横向发展;扣压后,受压损伤最先出现在轨道板板底,随着整体温升增高,损伤区域逐渐向板表发展。两种限位条件对轨道板和CA砂浆之间界面损伤的影响差异显著,植筋时总离缝面积小于扣压,但扣压可有效控制板角处离缝。以3块轨道板为一个单元节段,并采取植筋限位方式控制轨道结构温度变形和损伤。

旁侧基坑开挖对邻近地铁结构影响数值模拟分析

文中以杭州某地铁换乘站的旁侧基坑开挖为例,研究了偏心卸载下隧道结构的纵向变形响应。基于小应变土体刚度模型,考虑到车站对隧道结构整体刚度的贡献,建立了车站-隧道-基坑的三维复杂模型。根据实际开挖工序,全过程模拟了旁侧基坑分区施工,得到了各典型工况下隧道的纵向变形结果;分析了坑隧位置关系对隧道纵向变形的影响,坑隧距超两倍挖深时隧道变形以水平位移为主,且围护结构角点对隧道纵向变形的约束效果随卸荷程度的加大而逐步减弱。

大跨度钢梁桥区段接触网附加导线架设方案探讨

对大跨度钢梁桥区段附加导线架设问题进行研究,提出了该区段附加导线架设与悬挂安装方案,旨在消除梁体伸缩对附加导线的影响。方案通过在实际线路中应用,有效解决了大跨度钢梁桥上附加导线断线的问题,提高了接触网系统的稳定性和可靠性,可为大跨度钢梁桥区段附加导线架设提供参考。

斑点追踪二尖瓣环位移和心肌综合指数评价COPD患者左心室收缩功能及临床应用价值

目的:应用斑点追踪技术(STI)检测组织运动二尖瓣环位移(TMAD)和心肌综合指数(MCI)评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者左心室收缩功能的早期变化,探讨二者的相关性及诊断效能。方法:选取42例COPD患者和30例健康人群(对照组),当COPD患者肺动脉收缩压(PASP)≥40mm Hg考虑为肺动脉高压(PH)组,余患者为不伴PH组。采用3D-STI获得左室三维参数,并计算心肌综合指数(MCI=GLS×LVtw),应用2D-STI测量TMAD各参数,比较组间差异;绘制各参数的ROC曲线,分析其相关性。结果:与对照组比较:COPD组及亚组的左室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左室收缩末容积(LVESV)及LVEF无明显差异(P>0.05);COPD组、COPD伴PH组的左室整体纵向应变(GLS)、扭转角度(LVtw)绝对值减低(P<0.05,P_(1)<0.05);COPD各亚组的TMAD参数减低(P,P_(1),P_(2)<0.01)。ROC曲线分析提示TMAD1-mid的AUC最大(0.930),且特异性最高(90.5%),LVtw和TMAD-sep的敏感性最高(100%)。相关性分析显示,TMAD1-mid、TMAD1-mid%与MCI、GLS绝对值均有良好的相关性(r>0.6,且P<0.001),且随着PASP的增高呈下降趋势。结论:TMAD、GLS及MCI均有助于发现COPD患者左心室收缩功能的早期变化,TMAD、GLS绝对值与PASP呈负相关,其中TMAD操作更便捷、省时。

Longitudinal resistance performance of granular ballast beds under cyclic symmetric displacement loading

The longitudinal resistance performance of a granular ballast bed under cyclic symmetric displacement loading was studied based on a full-scale test model of ballast track structures. The change law of the longitudinal resistance characteristics of the ballast bed under variable displacement amplitudes was analyzed. The results show that： the resistance-displacement curves of a granular ballast bed are a set of closed hysteretic curves, indicating obvious energy consumption; a granular ballast bed softens gradually during the cyclic process with constant displacement amplitude, and the residual deformation rate increases nonlinearly with increasing cycle number; the peak value of the longitudinal resistance of lines decreases with increasing cycle number; the cyclic softening of a granular ballast bed is dependent on the displacement amplitude-the higher the displacement, the more severe the cyclic softening will become; after cyclic displacement loading is applied several times, the longitudinal resistance of the bed will degenerate obviously, and the higher the displacement amplitude, the higher the longitudinal resistance attenuation rate of the ballast bed will become.

客货共线铁路简支梁上无砟轨道无缝道岔纵向受力分析

孟加拉国帕德玛大桥铁路连接线为设计轴重25 t的客货共线铁路,桥上采用无砟轨道及跨区间无缝线路。基拉里甘杰站咽喉区位于简支梁桥上,此运营条件下的简支梁上无缝道岔群在国内外较为罕见。为保证结构安全,通过建立“岔梁墩一体化”计算模型,对伸缩、挠曲、断轨、制动工况下的道岔强度和纵向稳定性进行了分析,结果表明:(1)基拉里甘杰站钢轨纵向力最大值出现在正线(即“股道-2”)上,铺轨及运营过程中应重点关注正线的无缝线路服役状态;(2)钢轨纵向应力、钢轨断缝值、尖轨尖端位移、心轨位移、转辙器处基本轨位移、间隔铁纵向力等指标均满足规范要求,设计方案合理;(3)本文所采用的无缝道岔检算方法,既论证了25 t轴重条件下简支梁上铺设无缝道岔的可行性,同时也对中国标准“走出去”指导海外铁路跨区间无缝线路设计有一定的指导意义。

扣件纵向阻力对地铁道岔力学特性的影响研究

研究目的:扣件是地铁道岔关键传力部件,其纵向阻力对道岔各钢轨的受力与位移有着重要影响。为明确不同扣件轨下垫板、不同纵向阻力下地铁道岔的纵向力学特性,对其扣件进行试验及数值模拟分析。研究结论:(1)相比橡胶垫板,采用聚酯垫板时,道岔基本轨纵向位移减小13%以上,尖轨纵向位移减小2%左右,道岔各钢轨纵向受力变化不大;(2)随着扣件纵向刚度的增加,道岔结构的纵向位移和基本轨纵向受力逐渐减小,虽然导轨温度力略有增大,但增幅很小,不会影响结构安全性;(3)在地铁道岔中采用聚酯垫板并适当增大扣件纵向刚度是合理的优化方向;(4)本研究成果可用于地铁道岔扣件轨下垫板选型以及阻力优化设计。

竖向荷载作用下悬索桥纵向变位特征与机理

为揭示竖向荷载作用下悬索桥纵向变位特征与机理,以主缆变形理论为基础研究了其竖向荷载下的变位特征,并得出了其竖向及纵向位移解析解;在此基础上,分析了竖向荷载作用下传统悬索桥和设有中央扣悬索桥的纵向变位特征及加劲梁纵向位移,揭示了中央扣纵向约束机制,并分别推导了加劲梁在竖向荷载下的纵向位移计算公式;最后,通过算例分析验证所提位移计算公式计算精度.结果表明:由于主缆的几何非线性特征,竖向位移与纵向位移相互耦合,在非对称竖向荷载作用下,主缆发生非同步纵向位移,而加劲梁主要以类似“摆锤体”发生刚体的纵向位移;跨中处主缆、加劲梁及中央扣因中央扣的存在形成一个“刚域”区,从而导致加劲梁纵向位移减小;所提计算方法与有限元数值解法在不同竖向荷载工况下吻合良好.

EBZ260M-4型掘锚机钻锚系统滑座纵移卡顿原因分析与改进

针对EBZ260M-4型掘锚机钻锚系统滑座纵移卡顿问题,采用力学分析方法推导出俯仰角度条件下滑座齿轮齿条驱动扭矩的计算公式,通过对原设计参数验算得出原滑座纵移扭矩不足是纵移卡顿问题的主要原因,结合掘进工作面现场润滑污染严重的情况,选择较大的摩擦因数和较小的齿轮齿条传动效率,计算得出其长期稳定运行所需的驱动扭矩为1898 N·m,选择2000 N·m的驱动扭矩作为改进方案。现场使用结果表明,未再发生卡顿现象,消除了故障隐患。

大空间隧道结构纵向地震反应分析的整体式反应位移法

大空间地下隧道结构的地震反应特点主要包括两方面:地震波传播方向通常不垂直于结构纵轴,沿纵轴方向结构各点在同一时刻的地震反应并不相同;结构的剪切变形随着横截面尺寸的增大而更加显著。然而,现有的大型地下结构地震反应分析拟静力方法多为针对地震动垂直入射条件下结构横断面地震反应分析的二维方法,难以计算隧道等长线型结构的纵向地震反应;而基于弯曲梁理论提出的纵向整体式反应位移法,虽能完成非一致地震动输入下隧道结构纵向最不利地震反应计算,但无法合理描述结构的剪切变形特点。该文基于大空间隧道结构纵向地震反应的规律和特点,结合铁木辛柯梁理论,确定了通过自由场地震反应获得大空间隧道结构纵向地震反应最不利时刻的方法,发展了适用于大空间隧道结构纵向地震反应分析的整体式反应位移法,并通过数值算例对该方法的有效性和计算精度进行了验证。