Preparation and Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax/Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites

Synthetic reinforced composites affect the environment adversely and have become a global concern, causing increased natural composite demand for sustainability and cost effectiveness. Glass is a popular material that is highly consumed in reinforced composites for its superior mechanical strength. As opposed to that, flax obtained from flax stalks can be used as an alternative reinforcing material with synthetic fibers to minimize manmade fiber consumption. Hence, this research work addresses a few flax/glass-reinforced hybrid composites by using a thermoset polyester matrix. Here, six categories of samples are made, like neat flax, neat glass, and flax/glass fabric reinforced hybrid composite, followed by different stacking layer sequences and hand layout techniques during processing. Afterwards, the mechanical behavior, thermal stability, morphological behavior, and water absorption of hybrid samples were investigated. Among the developed samples, neat glass (NG) composite exhibits superior mechanical properties, while neat flax (NF) shows the lowest result. It is apparent that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of hybrid samples are in between NF and NG because, by adding glass with flax fabric, the strength of hybrid samples is increased. Moreover, it is noticeable that, due to multiple stacking layers of flax and glass, hybrid 3 and hybrid 4 show better strength than consecutive single stacking layers in hybrid 1 and hybrid 2. Among all hybrid composites, the H4 shows comparatively better mechanical and thermal properties due to having the glass layers on the outermost surface. In summary, this research work demonstrated the feasibility of flax fabric with glass fabric as a reinforced hybrid composite that can be used in automobile inner bodies, household furnishing, and home interior decoration.

Preparation and Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax/Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites

Synthetic reinforced composites affect the environment adversely and have become a global concern, causing increased natural composite demand for sustainability and cost effectiveness. Glass is a popular material that is highly consumed in reinforced composites for its superior mechanical strength. As opposed to that, flax obtained from flax stalks can be used as an alternative reinforcing material with synthetic fibers to minimize manmade fiber consumption. Hence, this research work addresses a few flax/glass-reinforced hybrid composites by using a thermoset polyester matrix. Here, six categories of samples are made, like neat flax, neat glass, and flax/glass fabric reinforced hybrid composite, followed by different stacking layer sequences and hand layout techniques during processing. Afterwards, the mechanical behavior, thermal stability, morphological behavior, and water absorption of hybrid samples were investigated. Among the developed samples, neat glass (NG) composite exhibits superior mechanical properties, while neat flax (NF) shows the lowest result. It is apparent that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of hybrid samples are in between NF and NG because, by adding glass with flax fabric, the strength of hybrid samples is increased. Moreover, it is noticeable that, due to multiple stacking layers of flax and glass, hybrid 3 and hybrid 4 show better strength than consecutive single stacking layers in hybrid 1 and hybrid 2. Among all hybrid composites, the H4 shows comparatively better mechanical and thermal properties due to having the glass layers on the outermost surface. In summary, this research work demonstrated the feasibility of flax fabric with glass fabric as a reinforced hybrid composite that can be used in automobile inner bodies, household furnishing, and home interior decoration.

Determination of Water Diffusion Coefficients and Dynamics in Adhesive/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite Joints

To determinate the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis（EDX） is used to establish the content change of oxy- gen in the adhesive in adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints. As water is made up of oxygen and hydrogen, the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in adhesive/carben fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints can be obtained from the change in the content of oxygen in the adhesive during humidity aging, via EDX analy-sis. The authors have calculated the water diffusion coefficients and dynamics in the adhesive/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite joints with the aid of beth energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The de- termined results with EDX analysis are almost the same as those determined with elemental analysis and the results al- so show that the durability of the adhesive/carbon fther reinforced epoxy resin composite joints subjected to silane cou- pling agent treatment is better than those subjected to sand paper burnishing treatment and chemical oxidation treat- ment.

Research on properties of hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin composites applied in deep rock in-situ temperature-preserved coring

Deep petroleum resources are in a high-temperature environment.However,the traditional deep rock coring method has no temperature preserved measures and ignores the effect of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,which will lead to the distortion of the petroleum resources reserves assessment.Therefore,the hollow glass microspheres/epoxy resin(HGM/EP)composites were innovatively proposed as temperature preserved materials for in-situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-Coring),and the physical,mechanical,and temperature preserved properties were evaluated.The results indicated that:As the HGM content increased,the density and mechanical properties of the composites gradually decreased,while the water absorption was deficient without hydrostatic pressure.For composites with 50 vol%HGM,when the hydrostatic pressure reached 60 MPa,the water absorption was above 30.19%,and the physical and mechanical properties of composites were weakened.When the hydrostatic pressure was lower than 40 MPa,the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of composites were almost unchanged.Therefore,the composites with 50 vol%HGM can be used for ITPCoring operations in deep environments with the highest hydrostatic pressure of 40 MPa.Finally,to further understand the temperature preserved performance of composites in practical applications,the temperature preserved properties were measured.An unsteady-state heat transfer model was established based on the test results,then the theoretical change of the core temperature during the coring process was obtained.The above tests results can provide a research basis for deep rock in-situ temperature preserved corer and support accurate assessment of deep petroleum reserves.

Influence of Non-smooth Surface on Tribological Properties of Glass Fiber-epoxy Resin Composite Sliding against Stainless Steel under Natural Seawater Lubrication

With the development of bionics, the bionic non-smooth surfaces are introduced to the field of tribology. Although non-smooth surface has been studied widely, the studies of non-smooth surface under the natural seawater lubrication are still very fewer, especially experimental research. The influences of smooth and non-smooth surface on the frictional properties of the glass fiber-epoxy resin composite（GF/EPR） coupled with stainless steel 316 L are investigated under natural seawater lubrication in this paper. The tested non-smooth surfaces include the surfaces with semi-spherical pits, the conical pits, the cone-cylinder combined pits, the cylindrical pits and through holes. The friction and wear tests are performed using a ring-on-disc test rig under 60 N load and 1000 r/min rotational speed. The tests results show that GF/EPR with bionic non-smooth surface has quite lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance than GF/EPR with smooth surface without pits. The average friction coefficient of GF/EPR with semi-spherical pits is 0.088, which shows the largest reduction is approximately 63.18% of GF/EPR with smooth surface. In addition, the wear debris on the worn surfaces of GF/EPR are observed by a confocal scanning laser microscope. It is shown that the primary wear mechanism is the abrasive wear. The research results provide some design parameters for non-smooth surface, and the experiment results can serve as a beneficial supplement to non-smooth surface study.

Experimental Study on Influence of Dimples on Lubrication Performance of Glass Fiber-epoxy Resin Composite under Natural Seawater Lubrication

Bionic non-smooth surface is widely applied in metal and ceramics materials. In order to introduce this technology to high pressure seawater pump, the influence of bionic non-smooth surface on the engineering plastics used in pump should be investigated. The comparative tests are carried out with a ring-on-disc configuration under 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 r/min in order to research the influence of the bionic non-smooth surface on glass fiber-epoxy resin composite（GF/EPR） under natural seawater lubrication. The disc surfaces are textured with five kinds of pits, which are semi-spherical, conical, cone-cylinder combined, cylindrical pits and through holes, respectively. A smooth surface is tested as reference. The results show that the lubrication performance of dimpled GF/EPR sample is much better than that of the smooth sample under all rotational speeds. The semi-spherical pits surface has more obvious friction reduction than the others, which shows that the least reduction is approximately 43.29% of smooth surface under 1200 r/rain. However, the wear level is only marginally influenced by dimples. The surface morphology investigations disclose severe modifications caused by abrasive wear primarily. The results are helpful to vary friction properties of GF/EPR by non-smooth surface, or provide references to the design of non-smooth surfaces under certain condition.

Fabrication and Characterization of Glass Fiber with SiC Reinforced Polymer Composites

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymeric (GFRP) Composites are most commonly used as bumpers for vehicles, electrical equipment panels, and medical devices enclosures. These materials are also widely used for structural applications in aerospace, automotive, and in providing alternatives to traditional metallic materials. The paper fabricated epoxy and polyester resin composites by using silicon carbide in various proportions along with GFRP. The hand lay-up technique was used to fabricate the laminates. To determine the properties of fabricated composites, the tensile, impact, and flexural tests were conducted. This method of fabrication was very simple and cost-effective. Their mechanical properties like yield strength, yield strain, Young’s modulus, flexural modulus, and impact energy were investigated. The mechanical properties of the GFRP composites were also compared with the fiber volume fraction. The fiber volume fraction plays a major role in the mechanical properties of GFRP composites. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of fabricated composites were modelled and compared with measured values. The results show that composites with epoxy resin demonstrate higher strength and modulus compared to composites with polyester resin.

Tensile Properties of Weft Knitted Fabric Reinforced Composites

Seven kinds of weft knitted fabrics from glass fiber yarns were used as reinforcement to make fabric/epoxy composite laminates. Tensile tests were carried out to examine and compare the mechanical properties in course and wale direction of these composites. On the basis of experimental results, attempts have been made to analyze some main factors influencing stress-strain curve, ultimate tensile strength and initial elastic modulus of specimens.

Studies on interacting Blends of Acrylated Epoxy resin based Poly(Ester-Amide)s and Vinyl EsterResin

Epoxy resin based Unsaturated poly(ester-amide) resins (UPEAs) can be prepared by many methods but here these were prepared by reported method [1]. These UPEAs were then treated with acrylotl chloride to afford acrylated UPEAs resin (i.e. AUPEAs). Interacting blends of equal proportional AUPEAs and vinyl ester epoxy (VE) resin were prepared. APEAs and AUPEAs were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determined by vapour pressure osmometer and by IR spectral study and by thermogravimetry. The curing of interacting blends was monitored on differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Based on DSC data in situ glass reinforced composites of the resultant blends have been prepared and characterized for mechanical, electrical and chemical properties. Unreinforced blends were characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA).

Effects of Ultrasonic Waves during Resin Impregnation on the Mechanical Properties of Unidirectional Composite Materials

Effects of ultrasonic vibrations on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced plastics were investigated during molding resin impregnation process in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding.?The vacuum bag including the preformed each?non-crimp fabrics (carbon and glass fibers)?was placed in a water bath of an ultrasonic wave generator during resin impregnation. The mechanical properties of the laminates were evaluated?through the mechanical strength tests and scanning electron microscope?(SEM) observation. The results revealed that ultrasonic waves improved transverse tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and compressive strengths of the carbon fiber (CF) laminates and interlaminar shear and compressive strengths of the glass fiber (GF) laminates. It was found from SEM observation that the fracture modes of the CF and GF laminates processed using ultrasonic waves were resin fracture. Accordingly, the adhesion of the fiber/resin interface was improved by oscillating ultrasonic vibration during resin impregnation, leading to an increase of the interface strength.

Optimization Mechanism of Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber-Epoxy Resin Composites by Interfacially Enriched Distribution of Nano-Starch Crystals

Fibre reinforced polymer composites have become a new generation of structural materials due to their unique advantages such as high specific strength,designability,good dimensional stability and ease of large-area monolithic forming.However,the problem of interfacial bonding between the resin matrix and the fibres limits the direct use of reinforcing fibres and has become a central difficulty in the development of basalt fibre-epoxy composites.This paper proposes a solution for enhancing the strength of the fibre-resin interface using maize starch nanocrystals,which are highly yield and eco-friendly.Firstly,in this paper,corn starch nanocrystals(SNC)were prepared by hydrolysis,and were deposited on the surface of basalt fibers by electrostatic adsorption.After that,in order to maximize the modification effect of nano-starch crystals on the interface,the basalt fiber-epoxy resin composite samples were prepared by mixing in a pressureless molding method.The test results shown that the addition of basalt fibers alone led to a reduction in the strength of the sample.Deposition of 0.1 wt%SNC on the surface of basalt fibers can make the strength consistent with pure epoxy resin.When the adsorption amount of SNC reached 0.5 wt%,the tensile strength of the samples was 23.7%higher than that of pure epoxy resin.This is due to the formation of ether bond homopolymers between the SNC at the fibre-epoxy interface and the epoxy resin,which distorts the originally smooth interface,leading to increased stress concentration and the development of cracks.This enhances the binding of basalt fibers.The conclusions of this paper can provide an effective,simple,low-cost and non-polluting method of interfacial enhancement modification.

纳米二氧化钛/玻璃鳞片协同增强环氧树脂的耐磨性研究

[目的]环氧树脂(EP)复合材料虽有良好的力学性能和化学稳定性,但脆性大、摩擦因数高、耐磨性差,使其难以满足运动摩擦部件的性能要求。[方法]通过向EP基体中添加改性纳米TiO_(2)和玻璃鳞片(GF)制备了TiO_(2)/GF/EP复合材料,研究了纳米TiO_(2)添加量对复合涂层性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对涂层的断面形貌和分子结构进行了表征。[结果]利用KH-550硅烷偶联剂对纳米TiO_(2)进行改性处理消耗了其表面大量的羟基,有效减少了纳米TiO_(2)的团聚。GF和改性纳米TiO_(2)与EP基体的界面相容性良好,TiO_(2)/GF/EP复合涂层的致密性与纯EP涂层相比明显提高。对于添加了相对于EP质量4%的纳米TiO_(2)和30%的GF的复合涂层,其显微硬度比纯EP提高了46.8%,摩擦因数和磨损后的质量损失分别比纯EP减小了46.1%和52.0%。[结论]改性纳米TiO_(2)和GF共同作为填料加入,可使EP的显微硬度和耐磨性得到明显提高,摩擦因数明显减小,综合性能得到提升。

纳米颗粒填充玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

为探究纳米颗粒[纳米氧化铁(NFe)、纳米二氧化硅(NS)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)]填充玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(GFRP)的力学性能,对纳米颗粒质量分数分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的纳米颗粒/GFRP材料开展了拉伸、压缩、弯曲及冲击力学性能试验,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)分析了纳米颗粒的种类及质量分数对试件力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着纳米颗粒质量分数的增加,试件拉伸强度均先增大后降低,纳米颗粒的良好分散性及与树脂间的黏聚力能够提升试件的拉伸强度,但过量纳米颗粒的掺入会形成积聚现象,使得试件拉伸强度降低。相较于GFRP试件,掺入纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.5%和1.0%时,MWCNT/GFRP抗压强度的增幅分别为25.31%、36.04%、26.84%和27.25%,弯曲强度的增幅分别为58.74%、63.21%、40.89%及43.11%,纳米颗粒的掺入使得试件抗压强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度均得到改善,颗粒种类及质量分数的不同使得试件力学性能提升效果存在差异。SEM试验结果表明,外荷载作用下纤维出现断裂、分层现象,纤维与纳米颗粒间存在的摩擦效应增强其力学性能,颗粒的积聚使得试件力学性能降低。

Improvement of thermal conductivities and simulation model for glass fabrics reinforced epoxy laminated composites via introducing hetero-structured BNN-30@BNNS fillers

Hetero-structured thermally conductive spherical boron nitride and boron nitride nanosheets(BNN-30@BNNS)fillers were prepared via electro static self-assembly method.And the corresponding thermally conductive&electrically insulating BNN-30@BNNS/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites were then fabricated via hot compression.BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ(fBNN-30/fBNNS,1/2,wt/wt)fillers presented the optimal synergistic improvement effects on the thermal conductivities of epoxy composites.When the mass fraction of BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲwas 15 wt%,λvalue of the BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/E-44 composites was up to0.61 W m^(-1)K^(-1),increased by 2.8 times compared with pure E-44(λ=0.22 W m^(-1)K^(-1)),also higher than that of the 15 wt%BNN-30/E-44(0.56 W m^(-1)K^(-1)),15 wt%BNNS/E-44(0.42 W m^(-1)K^(-1)),and 15 wt%(BNN-30/BNNS)/E-44(direct blending BNN-30/BNNS hybrid fillers,1/2,wt/wt,0.49 W m^(-1)K^(-1))composites.Theλin-plane(λ//)andλcross-plane(λ_(⊥))of 15 wt%BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites significantly reached 2.75 W m^(-1)K^(-1)and 1.32 W m^(-1)K^(-1),186.5%and 187.0%higher than those of Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites(λ//=0.96 W m^(-1)K^(-1)andλ_(⊥)=0.46 W m^(-1)K^(-1)).Established models can well simulate heat transfer efficiency in the BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites.Under the condition of point heat source,the introduction of BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲfillers were conducive to accelerating heat flow trans fe r.BNN-30@BNNS-Ⅲ/Si-GFs/E-44 laminated composites also demonstrated outstanding electrical insulating properties(cross-plane withstanding voltage,breakdown strength,surface&volume resistivity of 51.3 kV,23.8 kV mm^(-1),3.7×10^(14)Ω&3.4×10^(14)Ω·cm,favorable mechanical properties(flexural strength of 401.0 MPa and ILSS of 22.3 MPa),excellent dielectric properties(εof 4.92 and tanδof 0.008)and terrific thermal properties(T_(g )of 167.3℃and T_(HRI) of 199.2℃).

热塑性复合材料玻璃纤维环氧成膜剂的制备与性能研究

本文采用化学改性法,以环氧氯丙烷、共聚物P105、环氧树脂E-51和双酚A为原料,制备了一种水性环氧树脂乳液作为玻璃纤维成膜剂,研究了原料摩尔比、E-P105用量和乳化温度对乳液粒径和稳定性的影响。结果表明,当P105、ECH、NaOH摩尔比为1∶1.5∶1.2,环氧树脂与双酚A摩尔比为2.25∶1,E-P105质量份数为环氧树脂和双酚A质量的20%,乳化温度为60℃时,乳液粒径为0.387μm,粒径分布均匀,具有良好的稳定性,经上浆处理后的玻璃纤维复合材料力学性能优异。

APP-MCA-CFA三元复配阻燃体系改性环氧树脂基玻璃纤维复合材料及性能研究

首次以聚磷酸铵(APP)为酸源和主阻燃剂,以高氮含量的三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)为气源,以大分子型三嗪成炭剂(CFA)为炭源,组成APP-MCA-CFA三元复配阻燃剂体系。将其用于环氧树脂体系的阻燃改性,通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧等级、锥形量热、扫描电镜(SEM)、热失重分析(TG)和动态力学分析(DMA)等实验分析了它们之间的协同效应。结果表明:与单独使用APP阻燃剂相比,三元复配阻燃剂体系(20%APP-5%MCA-5%CFA,均为质量分数)表现出显著的协同阻燃效应,LOI值提升至62.0%,热释放速率峰值(PHRR)降低至401kW/m^(2),总热释放量(THR)下降至37.3MW/m^(2)。成炭分析结果表明,APP-MCA-CFA三元复配阻燃剂体系的引入使环氧树脂在高温下形成孔洞直径约5μm的形貌均一且规整的微米级膨胀炭层。DMA实验表明MCA和CFA可以通过粒子表面的胺基参与环氧固化反应,提高环氧固化交联密度,在一定程度抵消APP阻燃剂粉体加入导致的环氧机械性能下降。APP-MCA-CFA三元复配阻燃体系可用于环氧树脂基玻璃纤维复合材料的阻燃改性,垂直燃烧等级提升至UL-94 V0级,LOI值提升至66.3%。该研究为开发综合性能优异的阻燃环氧树脂基复合体系提供了一种简单易行的途径。

二胺型苯并噁嗪改性双酚A环氧树脂及其玻璃纤维复合材料性能研究

为了延长环氧树脂漆的适用期,提高其耐热性,使用苯并噁嗪树脂对其进行共混改性。以溶液共混方式制备了环氧树脂漆(EP)与苯并噁嗪树脂(BZ)的共混树脂体系(E/B-x),讨论了BZ的加入对共混树脂的黏度、流变特性、凝胶化活化能、固化行为、表面特性及玻布增强复合材料的耐热性、力学性能的影响。结果表明:BZ的加入使共混树脂的黏度明显降低,凝胶温度及凝胶活化能增加,迟滞了EP的固化反应,延长了其适用期;少量BZ的加入不会改变EP的玻璃化转变温度(Tg),当BZ加入量达到40份时,与EP复合材料相比,E/B-40复合材料的干态和湿态Tg分别提高了12.6%和11.7%;随BZ加入量的增加,复合材料的弯曲强度先下降后上升,E/B-40复合材料的弯曲强度和弯曲模量可达569 MPa和27.9 GPa,与EP复合材料相当。

玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料燃烧特性研究

采用锥形量热仪、垂直水平燃烧试验仪、极限氧指数测试仪等手段研究玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在不同火灾环境下的燃烧特性。结果表明:随热辐射强度的增加,实验样品的平均点燃时间逐渐缩短,热释放速率和热释放速率峰值均增大,峰值出现时间提前,燃烧后残余率降低。由于玻璃纤维的抑制作用,复合材料总体质量损失幅度较小。实验样品在水平燃烧试验中未能点燃,在垂直燃烧试验中,平均烧焦长度48.3mm,移去火源后的平均焰燃时间为11.8s。氧指数试验显示,温度升高200℃后,其值降为室温氧指数的74.9%,表明在高温环境下复合材料更易被点燃。玻璃纤维的存在能够抑制环氧树脂的热解和燃烧。

玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料热解特性研究

采用热重-差热分析仪研究玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在空气及氮气氛围下不同升温速率的热解特性规律。结果表明,在空气气氛下,热解分为两个阶段;氮气气氛下,热解只存在一个热分解阶段,与空气气氛相比热解初始分解温度较高,热解温度范围变窄,失重速率明显变大。在两种气氛下,玻璃纤维均不参与热解。随着升温速率的增加,热解反应各阶段的起始温度、终止温度、最大失重速率温度均向高温方向移动,热解温度范围大小都基本保持不变。氮气气氛下使用Kissinger法、FWO法和Starink法计算出玻璃纤维环氧树脂的平均表观活化能分别为106.42、123.09和119.48kJ/mol。复合材料活化能随转化率的增加而升高,表观活化能保持在一定数值范围内且数值相近,热解反应比较稳定,具有较低A值,表明其具有较强的热稳定性。

玻纤增强环氧树脂力学与耐老化性能研究

采用偶联剂KH560对短切玻璃纤维(玻纤)进行改性,并以改性短切玻纤作为增强材料制备得到玻纤/环氧树脂复合材料。随着玻纤质量分数的增加,材料的拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当玻纤填充质量分数为10%时,材料的力学增强、增韧效果达到最佳。SEM表征表明玻纤与树脂基体界面结合良好,可以有效传递树脂与玻纤间的应力,且玻纤的介入也可有效阻挡裂纹的扩展,起到增强、增韧作用。然而当玻纤质量分数过高时,由于材料的分散性变差,其力学性能下降。复合材料经短时间的紫外老化后,因紫外光氧作用颜色发生很大变化,然而由于玻纤具有很好的化学稳定性,可以延缓紫外氧化损伤进一步深入到材料内部,材料的外观颜色变化开始放缓。在水分作用下,树脂也会发生一定的水解。这些破坏使材料的力学性能随着老化时间的延长不断降低。上述研究可为后续开发用于替代金属电力金具的性能更优越的玻纤增强环氧树脂提供理论基础。