Influence of Non-smooth Surface on Tribological Properties of Glass Fiber-epoxy Resin Composite Sliding against Stainless Steel under Natural Seawater Lubrication

With the development of bionics, the bionic non-smooth surfaces are introduced to the field of tribology. Although non-smooth surface has been studied widely, the studies of non-smooth surface under the natural seawater lubrication are still very fewer, especially experimental research. The influences of smooth and non-smooth surface on the frictional properties of the glass fiber-epoxy resin composite（GF/EPR） coupled with stainless steel 316 L are investigated under natural seawater lubrication in this paper. The tested non-smooth surfaces include the surfaces with semi-spherical pits, the conical pits, the cone-cylinder combined pits, the cylindrical pits and through holes. The friction and wear tests are performed using a ring-on-disc test rig under 60 N load and 1000 r/min rotational speed. The tests results show that GF/EPR with bionic non-smooth surface has quite lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance than GF/EPR with smooth surface without pits. The average friction coefficient of GF/EPR with semi-spherical pits is 0.088, which shows the largest reduction is approximately 63.18% of GF/EPR with smooth surface. In addition, the wear debris on the worn surfaces of GF/EPR are observed by a confocal scanning laser microscope. It is shown that the primary wear mechanism is the abrasive wear. The research results provide some design parameters for non-smooth surface, and the experiment results can serve as a beneficial supplement to non-smooth surface study.

Experimental Study on Influence of Dimples on Lubrication Performance of Glass Fiber-epoxy Resin Composite under Natural Seawater Lubrication

Bionic non-smooth surface is widely applied in metal and ceramics materials. In order to introduce this technology to high pressure seawater pump, the influence of bionic non-smooth surface on the engineering plastics used in pump should be investigated. The comparative tests are carried out with a ring-on-disc configuration under 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 r/min in order to research the influence of the bionic non-smooth surface on glass fiber-epoxy resin composite（GF/EPR） under natural seawater lubrication. The disc surfaces are textured with five kinds of pits, which are semi-spherical, conical, cone-cylinder combined, cylindrical pits and through holes, respectively. A smooth surface is tested as reference. The results show that the lubrication performance of dimpled GF/EPR sample is much better than that of the smooth sample under all rotational speeds. The semi-spherical pits surface has more obvious friction reduction than the others, which shows that the least reduction is approximately 43.29% of smooth surface under 1200 r/rain. However, the wear level is only marginally influenced by dimples. The surface morphology investigations disclose severe modifications caused by abrasive wear primarily. The results are helpful to vary friction properties of GF/EPR by non-smooth surface, or provide references to the design of non-smooth surfaces under certain condition.

Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Epoxy Glass Fiber Fly Ash Laminate Composite

Epoxy glass fiber laminate composite (PMCs) are finding ever increasing applications in aerospace and automobile industries due to its high strength to weight ratio and resistance to aqueous environment. Additions of particulate reinforcements in the polymer matrix are reported to improve the Interlaminar Shear Strength and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of the composites. In the present investigation, epoxy glass fiber laminate composites were processed using hand layup and vacuum bagging technique. The particulate reinforcement precipitator fly ash (25 - 45 μm) was added in the epoxy matrix by mechanical mixing up to 10 wt%. The effects of fly ash reinforcement on the mechanical properties and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness were studied before and after exposure to aqueous fog in a salt fog chamber at 45°C. In unexposed condition Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of epoxy glass fiber laminate composite improved by the addition of fly ash reinforcement 10% (By weight) by 49.43% and when it was subjected to aqueous fog for 10 days the interlaminar fracture toughness improved 58.42%. Exposure to aqueous fog for 10 days causes plasticization of resin matrix and weakening of fiber/matrix interface results in improvement in interlaminar fracture toughness. The fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.

Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composite Water Collector

The water collector is operated in the humid and hot environment of the cooling tower all the year round.It also needs to carry part of the weight of water and silt.Therefore,it is particularly critical to optimize the material of the water collector and improve its mechanical properties.Polyester,a general term of polymer obtained from polyols and polyacids,is a kind of engineering plastics with excellent properties and wide applications.Glass fiber is a reinforced plastic reinforcement material,and the biggest characteristic of it is the high tensile strength and good heat resistance.In this paper,glass fiber reinforced polyester resin composite material is prepared,its tensile properties and bending properties are tested,and the performance of the imported material JK2020B is compared and analyzed.The results show that the elastic modulus along the fiber direction is relatively high,but the interlayer force in the direction of thickness and width is very small.This review provides a guidance for production process.

Effects of Content of Chopped Glass Fibers on the Properties of Silica Filled PTFE Composites

In this work, the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based composite substrates were manufactured by mixing, calendering, hot-pressing sintering. The composition of all the samples was PTFE, SiO2 and chopped E-glass fibers. The effects of content of E-glass fibers on the properties of the SiO2 filled PTFE composites were investigated, including density, water absorption, dielectric properties (εr, tanδ), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and temperature coefficient of dielectric constant (τε). The compositions of inorganic materials mixture are (62 ? x) % SiO2 + x % E-glass fiber (x: mass ratio to composites, x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3). The results show that as the content of E-glass fibers is 2.5 wt.%, this composite obtains optimal properties, including excellent dielectric properties (εr^2.9123, tanδ~0.0011), acceptable water absorption of 0.075%, temperature coefficient of dielectric constant of 10 ppm/?C and coefficient of thermal expansion of 15.87 ppm/?C.

Fabrication and Characterization of Glass Fiber with SiC Reinforced Polymer Composites

Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymeric (GFRP) Composites are most commonly used as bumpers for vehicles, electrical equipment panels, and medical devices enclosures. These materials are also widely used for structural applications in aerospace, automotive, and in providing alternatives to traditional metallic materials. The paper fabricated epoxy and polyester resin composites by using silicon carbide in various proportions along with GFRP. The hand lay-up technique was used to fabricate the laminates. To determine the properties of fabricated composites, the tensile, impact, and flexural tests were conducted. This method of fabrication was very simple and cost-effective. Their mechanical properties like yield strength, yield strain, Young’s modulus, flexural modulus, and impact energy were investigated. The mechanical properties of the GFRP composites were also compared with the fiber volume fraction. The fiber volume fraction plays a major role in the mechanical properties of GFRP composites. Young’s modulus and tensile strength of fabricated composites were modelled and compared with measured values. The results show that composites with epoxy resin demonstrate higher strength and modulus compared to composites with polyester resin.

Behavioural Modelling of Lips Seal Made with Polytetrafluoroethylene Enriched by Glass Fibers

Polytetrafluoroethylene reinforced with glass fibers is a composite material widely used in industry mainly for the manufacture of seals at the level of the rotary shafts of vehicles and stationary floor machines such as turbines and compressors. However, due to elastic and viscous-plastic properties of this material, it wears quickly under the influence of some external parameters during operation. There are therefore material loss, increased clearance and loss of sealing. This work summarises a series of tests carried out with this material in order to analyse the variation of the friction coefficient due to the roughness of the work piece brought into contact with the PTFE, the linear velocity of contact between them and material yield strength. To do this analysis, we used the method of unconventional design of experiments to model the behaviour of material and consequently make decisions to reduce this wear. The results are shown and deeply analysed in the following text as a polynomial mathematical model, graphs, contours and response surfaces illustrating the holding of this material under the effect of the three parameters mentioned above. The previous PTFE samples enriched with chopped glass fibers are not subjected to axially force this time, contrary to the force applied radially. The advantage of this method is the relative linear velocity at the contact sample-disc and the applied pressure remains constant. Under the action of the weight “P” applied on the sample, it comes into friction with the rotating disc whose roughness changes from experience to another;it is expressed by the values of Ra. Tangential friction force appears at the point of contact and is equilibrated by measured force Fm on the lever. The calculation of the moment relative bench axis caused by 2 forces gives the coefficient of friction. Knowing the values of frictional force Ft by calculation and the weight P, we determine then the friction coefficient.

The impact of the new composite material technology on the performance of the tennis rackets

With the continues improving of people＇s living standards, more and more people work out in all kinds of sports fields beyond the busy work. On the other hand, the development of the modem competitive sports also requires that the sports experts should not only strive for the scientific training, but should also pay much attention on the improvement and development of the sports equipment at the same time, which makes the sports equipment market have achieved unprecedented prosperity. This paper introduces the application of the fiber reinforced composite materials in the field of sports equipment, which is described mainly from the advantages of the fiber reinforced composite materials used in sports equipment areas, and from the aspects of the principles of material selection, the product varieties, the application examples and the status.

麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料声学性能研究

为验证麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂复合材料的声学性能,探讨植物纤维改性材料制备某类乐器的可行性,以亚麻、黄麻、苎麻等麻纤维材料为例,制备了几种不同麻纤维增强改性环氧树脂材料,以增强改性环氧树脂材料代替木材制作打击乐器,采用自由振动方法对打击乐器的声学性能进行测试。结果表明:黄麻、苎麻增强改性后的环氧树脂基复合材料声学性能各占优势,与一般的枫木相比力学性能更好,但综合声学性能尚无法达到天然枫木的水平。

铁粉/碳纤维增强树脂复合材料的制备 及脆化损伤研究

将偶联剂改性纳米铁(Fe)粉与预处理后的碳纤维混合,浸润于环氧树脂基料中,经过搅拌混合制备纳米Fe粉/碳纤维增强树脂复合材料,研究了复合材料在高温老化、水浸老化环境下的脆化损伤行为。结果表明:树脂受到高温老化和水浸泡老化后会出现脆化损伤,碳纤维和纳米Fe粉加入会对该损伤有一定抑制;加入质量分数为4.0%的纳米Fe粉后,随着高温老化时间延长,碳纤维质量分数为3.0%的纳米Fe粉/碳纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂韧性下降幅度较小,同时脆化损伤后树脂与纳米Fe粉、碳纤维仍结合紧密;碳纤维质量分数为3.0%、纳米Fe粉质量分数为4.0%的纳米Fe粉/碳纤维增强复合材料经水浸老化后,断裂韧性仍旧保持较高水平。

热塑性复合材料玻璃纤维环氧成膜剂的制备与性能研究

本文采用化学改性法,以环氧氯丙烷、共聚物P105、环氧树脂E-51和双酚A为原料,制备了一种水性环氧树脂乳液作为玻璃纤维成膜剂,研究了原料摩尔比、E-P105用量和乳化温度对乳液粒径和稳定性的影响。结果表明,当P105、ECH、NaOH摩尔比为1∶1.5∶1.2,环氧树脂与双酚A摩尔比为2.25∶1,E-P105质量份数为环氧树脂和双酚A质量的20%,乳化温度为60℃时,乳液粒径为0.387μm,粒径分布均匀,具有良好的稳定性,经上浆处理后的玻璃纤维复合材料力学性能优异。

纳米填料改性环氧树脂建筑保温材料的制备及性能研究

环氧树脂基混凝土作为一种绿色环保的建筑材料,在道路修补和保温建筑中应用广泛。以环氧树脂E44为原料,二甲苯为稀释剂,纳米玻璃纤维为填料,制备了复合环氧树脂基混凝土,研究了不同纳米玻璃纤维长度对混凝土微观形貌、力学性能和保温性能的影响。结果表明,纳米玻璃纤维的掺杂发挥了“晶种”作用,促进了水化反应的进行,提高了环氧树脂基混凝土的密实度。纳米玻璃纤维长度的适当增加提高了混凝土与纤维的结合强度,当纳米玻璃纤维长度为8 mm时,混凝土的形貌最佳。随着纳米玻璃纤维长度的增加,混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度先增大后降低。养护28 d,当纳米玻璃纤维长度为8 mm时,混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度均达到最大值,分别为21.93和4.59 MPa。纳米玻璃纤维的掺杂改善了混凝土的孔结构,降低了导热系数,提高了保温性能,当纳米玻璃纤维长度为8 mm时,混凝土导热系数最低为0.147 W/(m·K),保温性能最佳。

硬质合金涂层刀具车削GFRP的切削力研究

研究了硬质合金涂层刀具车削玻璃纤维增强复合材料时,切削用量对切削力的影响,并通过正交试验建立了切削力经验公式。结果表明:切削速度引起的树脂软化对切削力的影响较大,切削分力随切削速度的增加先减后增,但切削速度由243 m/min增至342 m/min时,切削力变化趋于平缓;切削力随进给量和背吃刀量的增加而增大,但在进给量为0.05 mm/r时,由于涂层刀具刃口的挤压作用,轴向切削力反而较大。正交试验和极差分析表明,背吃刀量对切削合力及各切削分力的影响最大,切削速度对切削合力及轴向分力Fx和径向分力Fy的影响次之,进给量对主切削力Fz的影响较切削速度大。

刀具几何参数对GFRP复合材料切削力的影响仿真研究

玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)两相材料属性相差迴异,加工难度大。利用有限元仿真软件对玻璃纤维增强复合材料进行了研究,分析了刀具几何参数与切削力之间的关系。结果表明:当刀具前角由3°增大到12°时,切削力下降,但当前角由12°增大到15°时,切削合力和主切削力有微小上升趋势;当刀具后角从2°增加至12°时,切削力呈现下降趋势,从12°增加至22°时,切削力呈现增大趋势;当刃口半径由0.05mm增加至0.4mm时,切削力减小,刃口半径从0.4mm增加到1.2mm时,切削力增加。仿真得到的最合适刀具几何参数分别为前角12°、后角12°和刃口半径0.4mm。

玻纤增强环氧树脂力学与耐老化性能研究

采用偶联剂KH560对短切玻璃纤维(玻纤)进行改性,并以改性短切玻纤作为增强材料制备得到玻纤/环氧树脂复合材料。随着玻纤质量分数的增加,材料的拉伸、弯曲和冲击强度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当玻纤填充质量分数为10%时,材料的力学增强、增韧效果达到最佳。SEM表征表明玻纤与树脂基体界面结合良好,可以有效传递树脂与玻纤间的应力,且玻纤的介入也可有效阻挡裂纹的扩展,起到增强、增韧作用。然而当玻纤质量分数过高时,由于材料的分散性变差,其力学性能下降。复合材料经短时间的紫外老化后,因紫外光氧作用颜色发生很大变化,然而由于玻纤具有很好的化学稳定性,可以延缓紫外氧化损伤进一步深入到材料内部,材料的外观颜色变化开始放缓。在水分作用下,树脂也会发生一定的水解。这些破坏使材料的力学性能随着老化时间的延长不断降低。上述研究可为后续开发用于替代金属电力金具的性能更优越的玻纤增强环氧树脂提供理论基础。

芳纶/玻纤经编复合材料的力学性能研究

研究芳纶/玻纤混杂纤维双轴向经编复合材料的力学性能。以芳纶/玻纤混杂纤维双轴向经编织物为增强体,将№1⁃695⁃3K A环氧树脂与№1⁃695⁃3K B固化剂混合,基于真空辅助树脂传递模塑技术制作复合材料,并与同状态下玻纤经编复合材料对比,研究两种复合材料在拉伸性能、弯曲性能和低速冲击性能上的区别。结果表明:与玻纤经编复合材料相比,芳纶/玻纤经编复合材料沿纱线加载方向的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提升了约20%和26%,最大冲击载荷提高了约45%。认为:芳纶/玻纤经编复合材料具有更好的力学性能,可替代玻纤经编复合材料用于工程领域。

大展弦比混杂纤维复合材料机翼的强度及失效分析

以大展弦比机翼为研究对象,基于经典层合板理论和Tsai-Wu失效准则,考虑几何非线性效应,用流固耦合数值模拟方法,重点研究碳/玻纤维混杂比、铺层相对位置、铺层角度对机翼强度及失效特性的影响。研究表明:碳/玻纤维混杂比=8∶2为最佳纤维混杂比,机翼可兼顾高强度、低成本;玻璃纤维铺设在蒙皮对称中面位置时,机翼的强度及安全性更高,玻璃纤维铺设位置的变化不会对机翼的弹性变形产生显著影响;在不同混杂比下,以±45°铺层角度铺设的机翼整体力学性能更稳定,失效概率更低。

Ⅳ型储氢气瓶承载层CFRP基体优选与性能研究

以SW树脂及HY4006树脂为基体树脂,以12K T700碳纤维(HY-1、HY-2、HY-3)为纤维增强体,制备Ⅳ型储氢气瓶承载层用碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP),从固化特性、耐热性能、流变性能和树脂浇注体的力学性能等方面筛选适合的树脂基体,通过树脂对纤维的浸润性及CFRP的力学性能、微观形貌、孔隙率等筛选出最优的CFRP体系。结果表明:SW树脂的固化温度为109~142℃,固化速率快,固化时间短,黏度增长较慢,而且其浇注体力学性能好,比HY4006树脂更适合于Ⅳ型储氢气瓶的缠绕工艺;SW树脂对HY-2碳纤维的浸润性更好,起始接触角为80.06°,浸润时间仅2.5 s;由SW树脂与HY-2碳纤维制备的CFRP拉伸强度为2650 MPa,剪切强度为64.63 MPa,密度为1.67 g/cm 3,纤维体积分数为63.61%,该CFRP界面结合好,孔隙率低,力学性能优异,是Ⅳ型储氢气瓶缠绕层的理想材料。