Strain coordination of quasi-plane-hypothesis for reinforced concrete beam strengthened by epoxy-bonded glass fiber reinforced plastic plate

The testing of thirteen reinforeed concrete （RC） beams strengthened by epoxy-bonded glass fiber reinforced plastic plate （GFRP） shows that the RC beam and the GFRP plate with epoxy bonding on it can work fairly well in coordination to eaeh other. But there is relative slipping between RC beam and GFRP plate. And the strain of GFRP and steel rebar of RC beam satisfies the quasi-plane-hypothesis, that is, the strain of longitudinal fiher that parallels to the neutral axis of plated beam within the scope of effective height （ h0 ） of the cross section is in direct proportion to the distance from the fiber to the neutral axis. The strain of GFRP and steel rebar satisfies the equation： εGFRP=Kεsteel.

A Study on the Estimation of Prefabricated Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Panel Strength Values with an Artificial Neural Network Model

In this study,artificial neural networks trained with swarm based artificial bee colony optimization algorithm was implemented for prediction of the modulus of rapture values of the fabricated glass fiber reinforced concrete panels.For the application of the ANN models,143 different four-point bending test results of glass fiber reinforced concrete mixes with the varied parameters of temperature,fiber content and slump values were introduced the artificial bee colony optimization and conventional back propagation algorithms.Training and the testing results of the corresponding models showed that artificial neural networks trained with the artificial bee colony optimization algorithm have remarkable potential for the prediction of modulus of rupture values and this method can be used as a preliminary decision criterion for quality check of the fabricated products.

Application of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite (GFRPC) Escape Pipeline in Tunnel

During the tunnel construction process,unfavorable geological conditionsare often encountered.Geological disasters such as collapse,roof fall,water inrush,gas explosion,etc.occur frequently,causing different degrees of property damage and casualties to the construction of the tunnel,seriously affecting harmony during construction.The domestic emergency hedging is mainly the use of 8-10mm steel coils,but the steel is heavy and not suitable for the frequent movement of tunnels.This paper introduces the new Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite(GFRPC)escape pipeline used in Chongqing Jiuyongyi Jinyunshan Tunnel,and compares the traditional steel coil parameters to provide reference for subsequent tunnel hedging measures.

Structural Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete for Slabs on Ground

This paper aims to contribute to the classification and specification of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) and to deal with the question if structural glass fiber reinforced concrete as a special kind of glass fiber reinforced concrete is suited for use in load-bearing members. Despite excellent material properties, the use of glass fibers in a concrete matrix is carried out so far only in non- structural elements or as a modification for the prevention of shrinkage cracks. The aim of re- search at the University of Applied Sciences in Leipzig is the use of alkali-resistant macro glass fibers as concrete reinforcement in structural elements as an alternative to steel fiber reinforcement. Slabs on ground, as an example for structural members, provide a sensible application for the new material because they can be casted as load bearing and non-load bearing and are mostly made of steel fiber reinforced concrete. In the future, structural glass fiber reinforced concrete shall provide a simple and visually appealing alternative to conventional steel bar or steel fiber reinforced concrete. The glass fibers can also be used in combination with conventional reinforcing bars or mat reinforcements. Initial investigations have announced some potential.

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of UV⁃Assisted Filament Winding Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer⁃Matrix Composite

This paper studied the preparation and mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer-matrix composite rings prepared by filament winding assisted by ultraviolet(UV)curing.A ray-tracing method was used to calculate the penetration ability of UV light in the resin casting,and then a typical composite ring with dual⁃curing characteristics was prepared by UV-assisted curing.The effects of winding speed and thermal initiator concentration on the distribution of fiber fraction and mechanical properties were studied.Microscopic morphology was used for the observation of the differences in fiber volume fraction.Mechanical properties tests and scanning electron micrographs were performed to investigate the failure and damage mechanisms of the composite ring samples.The ray tracing results indicate that the UV light can pass through a single yarn thickness and the energy transmitted is sufficient to cure the back side quickly.The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of the composite ring prepared in this paper are comparable to those of the heat-cured samples,which is sufficient to meet the requirements of the flywheel.

Influence of Glass Fiber wt% and Silanization on Mechanical Flexural Strength of Reinforced Acrylics

The aim is to evaluate the flexural strength of acrylic resin bars depending on the addiction of glass fibers with or without previous 3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (silane) application. Short fibers (3 mm) were treated and added to an acrylic resin powder, being further mixed with acrylic liquid to create bars (25 × 2 × 2 mm) of 11 experimental groups (N = 10), according to the interaction of experimental factors: weight % of glass fibers: (0.5;1;3;4;6 and 7) and silane application (with silane (S) or without silane (N)). Flexural strength and scanning microscopy evaluation were performed (SEM). Data (MPa) were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey (α = 5%). A significant difference between groups was observed (p = 0.001): S7%(128.85 ± 35.76)a, S6% (119.31 ± 11.97)ab, S4% (116.98 ± 25.23)ab, N4% (107.85 ± 24.88)abc, S1% (96.29 ± 20.65)bc, S0.5% (89.29 ± 7.33)cd, S3% (89.0 ± 11.27)cd, N3% (86.79 ± 17.63)cd, N1% (85.43 ± 16.44)cd, Control (73.29 ± 25.0)de, N0.5% (59.58 ± 19.46)e. For N groups, it was not possible to include more than 4%wt fibers. SEM showed better fiber-resin interaction for S groups, and fractures around fibers on N groups. Previous silane application enables the addiction of greater quantity of glass fibers and better interaction with the acrylic resin resulting in higher flexural strength. Without silane, fibers seem to act as initial crack points due to poor interaction.

Seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete frame structures using GFRP-tube-confined-concrete composite braces

This paper presents a new type of structural bracing intended for seismic retrofitting use in framed structures. This special composite brace, termed glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer （GFRP）-tube-confined-concrete composite brace, is comprised of concrete confined by a GFRP tube and an inner steel core for energy dissipation. Together with a contribution from the GFRP-tube confined concrete, the composite brace shows a substantially increased stiffness to control story drift, which is often a preferred feature in seismic retrofitting. An analysis model is established and implemented in a general finite element analysis program - OpenSees, for simulating the load-displacement behavior of the composite brace. Using this model, a parametric study of the hysteretic behavior （energy dissipation, stiffness, ductility and strength） of the composite brace was conducted under static cyclic loading and it was found that the area ratio of steel core to concrete has the greatest influence among all the parameters considered. To demonstrate the application of the composite brace in seismic retrofitting, a three-story nonductile reinforced concrete （RC） frame structure was retrofitted with the composite braces. Pushover analysis and nonlinear time-history analyses of the retrofitted RC frame structure was performed by employing a suite of 20 strong ground motion earthquake records. The analysis results show that the composite braces can effectively reduce the peak seismic responses of the RC frame structure without significantly increasing the base shear demand.

Experimental Investigation on the Properties of Recycled Concrete Using Hybrid Fibers

Due to the inherent property of concrete being very weak in tension, efforts have been made to overcome this deficiency by adding various type of fibers like carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), polypropylene fiber (PPF) and stainlesssteel fiber (SSF) smeared into the concrete mix. The present study involves experimental investigation on the use of GFRP, CFRP and SSF fibers alone or as combination to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Furthermore, concrete cylinders were cast and tested for compression and tension using 10% fly ash as cement replacement in all specimens. Besides fiber material types, fiber reinforcement ratios of 1% and 1.5% were tested to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete. In all concrete cylinder tests, the fiber reinforcement ratio of 1% had a significant contribution in increasing the tensile strength as oppose to compressive strength. As a result, the tensile and compressive strengths were increased by 26% and 11%, respectively as compared to the control specimen. Increasing the fiber reinforcement ratio from 1% to 1.5%, resulted in diminishing the mechanical properties of concrete. However, reduction in concrete compressive strength was more prominent than the tensile strength. Furthermore, it was observed that, the crack propagation was decreased with the increase of fiber content when compared to the control specimen.

装配式桥梁板玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋湿接缝受力与变形分析

为解决装配式桥梁板体系湿接缝处力学性能不稳定、易变形的问题,提出采用玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案优化湿接缝性能,以雄安新区荣乌高速荣乌主线桥为背景进行研究。选取主线桥2个试验段(试验段A湿接缝采用普通混凝土-U形钢筋方案,钢筋点焊;试验段B湿接缝采用玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案,钢筋满焊)进行梁板体系湿接缝性能试验,监测湿接缝处搭接钢筋力学响应及混凝土接触面变形特征,同时对长期运载及强降雨影响下的钢筋受力与混凝土变形进行监测。结果表明:长期运载下,试验段B横筋受力约为试验段A的一半,其中部纵筋承受外力远大于试验段A,边缘纵筋承受外力较少,试验段B稳定性更优;试验段B较试验段A在湿接缝部位变形量小,其稳定性及耐久性更优;强降雨阶段,试验段B较试验段A变形及力学响应波动程度更低,其抗渗能力、耐久性更优。由此可知基于玻璃纤维混凝土-U形钢筋加强方案的湿接缝构造在外力传导、抵抗变形方面具有较强稳定性,不易受恶劣环境影响。

玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱轴压试验研究

为研究玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的轴压性能,设计了6个不同长细比的试件并对其进行了轴心受压试验,分析了其破坏过程及破坏形态、承载力、位移、荷载-位移曲线、骨架曲线、荷载-应变曲线。研究表明:玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束混凝土柱轴压承载性能优异,随着长细比的减小,试件的轴压承载力提升显著;加载后期,该组合结构的破坏模式为玻璃纤维增强聚合物管发生环向破坏,内部混凝土被压溃;玻璃纤维增强聚合物空管轴压承载力相对较低,破坏时脆性特征明显;随着长细比的减小,玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的承载力和刚度逐步增加,长细比对结构的承载能力影响显著。研究结果对玻璃纤维增强聚合物管约束高强混凝土柱的理论研究和工程应用具有一定的指导意义。

纳米颗粒填充玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能

为探究纳米颗粒[纳米氧化铁(NFe)、纳米二氧化硅(NS)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)]填充玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(GFRP)的力学性能,对纳米颗粒质量分数分别为0.1%、0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的纳米颗粒/GFRP材料开展了拉伸、压缩、弯曲及冲击力学性能试验,并结合扫描电镜(SEM)分析了纳米颗粒的种类及质量分数对试件力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着纳米颗粒质量分数的增加,试件拉伸强度均先增大后降低,纳米颗粒的良好分散性及与树脂间的黏聚力能够提升试件的拉伸强度,但过量纳米颗粒的掺入会形成积聚现象,使得试件拉伸强度降低。相较于GFRP试件,掺入纳米颗粒的质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.5%和1.0%时,MWCNT/GFRP抗压强度的增幅分别为25.31%、36.04%、26.84%和27.25%,弯曲强度的增幅分别为58.74%、63.21%、40.89%及43.11%,纳米颗粒的掺入使得试件抗压强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度均得到改善,颗粒种类及质量分数的不同使得试件力学性能提升效果存在差异。SEM试验结果表明,外荷载作用下纤维出现断裂、分层现象,纤维与纳米颗粒间存在的摩擦效应增强其力学性能,颗粒的积聚使得试件力学性能降低。

纳米填料改性环氧树脂建筑保温材料的制备及性能研究

环氧树脂基混凝土作为一种绿色环保的建筑材料,在道路修补和保温建筑中应用广泛。以环氧树脂E44为原料,二甲苯为稀释剂,纳米玻璃纤维为填料,制备了复合环氧树脂基混凝土,研究了不同纳米玻璃纤维长度对混凝土微观形貌、力学性能和保温性能的影响。结果表明,纳米玻璃纤维的掺杂发挥了“晶种”作用,促进了水化反应的进行,提高了环氧树脂基混凝土的密实度。纳米玻璃纤维长度的适当增加提高了混凝土与纤维的结合强度,当纳米玻璃纤维长度为8 mm时,混凝土的形貌最佳。随着纳米玻璃纤维长度的增加,混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度先增大后降低。养护28 d,当纳米玻璃纤维长度为8 mm时,混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度均达到最大值,分别为21.93和4.59 MPa。纳米玻璃纤维的掺杂改善了混凝土的孔结构,降低了导热系数,提高了保温性能,当纳米玻璃纤维长度为8 mm时,混凝土导热系数最低为0.147 W/(m·K),保温性能最佳。

湿热环境对环氧树脂基复合材料拉伸性能的影响

采用加速吸湿法得到玻璃纤维/L285环氧树脂基复合材料吸湿特性曲线,通过对比分析湿热处理前后的化学结构、断口微观形貌以及力学性能,研究了湿热环境对玻璃化转变温度、损伤机理、抗拉强度以及弹性模量的影响,探究湿热老化机制,为通用航空飞机的安全运行提供理论和实验依据。结果表明,该复合材料吸湿初期符合Fick第二定律,后期吸湿曲线逐渐趋于平缓,湿度一定时,温度越高,吸湿率越大,达到吸湿饱和时间越长。水浴温度由25 ℃增加到85 ℃时,饱和吸湿率增加209%,相应吸湿饱和时间增加46.50%;湿热处理后复合材料的拉伸断裂失效形式发生改变,抗拉强度降低30.97%,弹性模量在6%范围内波动,加载初期应力—应变曲线呈线性关系,后期呈非线性变化趋势;相对25 ℃干态试样,85 ℃湿态试样的玻璃化转变温度下降24 ℃,相应的化学结构未发生变化,但纤维-基体界面发生了不可逆的物理变化。

木丝水泥填充墙-RC框架抗震性能试验研究

为研究木丝水泥填充墙-钢筋混凝土(RC)框架的抗震性能和破坏机理,共制作五个试件进行低周反复试验,其中一个试件为普通砖填充墙-RC框架对比试件,两个试件为开窗洞的木丝水泥填充墙-RC框架,另外两个试件为添加玻璃纤维网格布的木丝水泥填充墙-RC框架,并分析试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性系数、耗能情况与刚度退化等指标。试验结果表明,木丝水泥填充墙-RC框架的抗震性能良好,刚度退化速度远小于普通砖填充墙-RC框架,耗能能力在试件开裂后超过普通砖填充墙-RC框架;在木丝水泥填充墙-RC框架上开窗洞后会削弱其承载力,但破坏时裂缝只是沿四个窗角分别向四个填充墙角扩展,最终形成“X”形裂缝,而木丝水泥填充墙-RC框架与混凝土之间的粘结面未被破坏,在木丝水泥填充墙-RC框架表面加入玻璃纤维网格布后可以减少墙面裂纹的产生,且提高了极限承载力和延性系数,并抑制了刚度的快速下降。

交变载荷下绝缘拉杆用GFRP电树枝劣化特性

气体绝缘组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)现场调试或运行过程多次发生绝缘拉杆内部击穿问题,影响工程投运与设备可靠性,迫切需要探明故障机理。该文选取GIS断路器绝缘拉杆用玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料(glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite,GFRP)为研究对象,通过计算分、合闸下绝缘拉杆主应力分布特性,设置交变载荷下电树枝劣化实验条件,研究不同交变载荷对GFRP内电树枝生长特性影响规律。结果表明,相较于单一载荷,交变载荷条件下GFRP中电树枝生长速度加快,平均击穿时间降低,击穿概率增大。基于复合材料力学仿真发现交变载荷下GFRP内树脂-纤维界面处会出现较大的应力集中,局部应力损伤已达到失效的临界值。综上,交变载荷下绝缘拉杆纤维-树脂界面机械损伤与绝缘劣化交互演进是造成绝缘击穿的主要原因,也可作为试验考核与结构设计的改进依据。

低渗透油藏套损井非金属大段贴堵技术研究

对于低渗透油藏φ139.7 mm套管因腐蚀发生大段连续套损问题,通常采用φ88.9 mm小套管进行二次固井,但治理后依然存在二次套损隐患,同时其76 mm的内径也不便于后期生产维护。为此,开展玻璃纤维增强树脂基非金属大段贴堵管的结构设计、实物静水压试验及窄间隙高强韧性固井材料优选。研究结果表明:试验管在不同温度下的承压性能、管体和螺纹接头的密封性均能够满足现场需求,设计的固井材料抗压强度达到62 MPa,同时配套贴堵施工作业保障措施,形成了一套完善的非金属大段贴堵工艺技术体系;现场应用7口井,固井成功率100%,固井质量合格率99%以上,平均单井日增油3.2 t,效果显著。研究成果不仅提高了低渗透油藏开发效益,也进一步丰富了套损井治理技术手段。

不同纤维布加固的钢筋混凝土结构变形行为比较

为了提升钢筋混凝土结构的承载能力和变形能力,共设计了1种未加固和4种纤维布加固的混凝土试件,对比分析了未加固试件和纤维布加固混凝土试件的破坏形貌、荷载-应变曲线等。结果表明,纤维布加固混凝土试件的峰值应力从大至小顺序为CFRP、NFRP、JFRP、GFRP、未加固试件,横向最大拉应变从大至小顺序为JFRP、NFRP、GFRP、CFRP、未加固试件,横向最大拉应变从大至小顺序为JFRP、NFRP、GFRP、CFRP、未加固试件。未加固和CFRP加固试件的破坏呈脆性破坏特征,而GFRP、JFRP和NFRP试件的破坏呈延性破坏特征。且CFRP试件的最大荷载最大,JFRP加固试件的位移最大,纤维布加固混凝土试件的承载能力和变形能力都要优于未加固试件。

复合增强型岩棉板的研发

以岩棉裸板为基材,配以专用的酚醛树脂(粘结剂)和无机玻纤毡,将表面处理后的带胶玻纤毡与岩棉板基体通过在线固化烘干工艺制备出复合增强型岩棉板。重点研究了复合增强型岩棉板的施工性能以及对岩棉板力学性能指标的影响。结果表明,复合增强型岩棉板在力学性能上得到显著提升,且板面的平整性、洁净性、耐磨性更为良好,更便于施工使用。

离心浇铸玻璃钢管道的压力顶管设计应用

以宁波市某污水干管工程中压力顶管段工程为例,从工艺设计和结构设计两方面,详细阐述离心浇铸玻璃纤维增强塑料顶管的压力顶管的相关计算。玻璃钢顶管是一种化学复合管材,力学性能的可设计性强。工艺设计确定的公称压力、允许顶力、环刚度等管道主要参数宜与市场主流管道厂家进一步确认。宜对最不利段管道进行强度验算、变形验算、抗震验算等结构设计,确保管道结构的安全可靠。

软弱破碎围岩条件下大断面钻爆法隧道全断面机械化施工支护结构设计

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