KINETIC STUDY ON FORMATION OF BULK GLASS STATE Zr52.5Ni14.6Al10Cu17.9Ti5 ALLOY

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The Oxidation State of Sulfur Detected in Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2 Float Glass by X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectra

The oxidation state of sulfur is detected in Na2O-CaO-SiO2 float glass by synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra at the sulfur K edge. The measured spectra show the only presence of S6+ in the Na2O-CaO-SiO2 float glass and the oxidation state of sulfur do not change with the increase of glass depth. It is also found that, after the melt has gone through the molten tin bath, the S6+ is the dominant species, but S2- is also present on both surfaces. It is not certain whether cation bonds to S2- or not, because there are many cations dissolved in the melted tin which makes the spectrum complicated.

Production of iturin A through glass column reactor (GCR) from soybean curd residue (okara) by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>RB14-CS under solid state fermentation (SSF)

The present study was conducted with an aim to scale up the production of iturin A using soybean curd residue (okara). Iturin A was produced by indigenous bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS through glass column reactor (GCR) under solid state fermentation (SSF) was characterized. The enhanced iturin A production was observed with respect to enhanced substrate bed height when SSF was conducted in Erlenmeyer flask. To check the effect of substrate bed height on iturin A production under SSF of okara, GCR was introduced. Substrate bed height of 15 cm was suitable for iturin A production which was about 2700 mg/kg wet substrate. The observed iturin A production by the aerobic bacteria Bacillus subtilis in nearly anaerobic condition in such high substrate bed for SSF is a wonderful finding for development of SSF system in future.

Alkali Ionic Conductivity in Inorganic Glassy Electrolytes

Glassy electrolytes could be a potential candidate for all-solid-state batteries that are considered new-generation energy storage devices. As glasses are one of the potential fast ion-conducting electrolytes, progressive advances in glassy electrolytes have been undergoing to get commercial attention. However, the challenges offered by ionic conductivity at room temperature (10−5 - 10−3 S∙cm−1) in comparison to those of organic liquid electrolytes (10−2 S∙cm−1) hindered the applicability of such electrolytes. To enhance the research development on ionic conductivity, the overall picture of the ionic conductivity of glassy electrolytes is reviewed in this article with a focus on alkali oxide and sulfide glasses. We portray here the techniques applied for alkali ion conductivity enhancement, such as methods of glass preparation, host optimization, doping, and salt addition for enhancing alkali ionic conductivity in the glasses.

Biaxiality Dependence of the Fracture Toughness for Glass in Plane Stress State

The fracture behaviour of glass in biaxial stress state has been investigated. Fracture toughness of disk specimen with a straight-through crack was measured under biaxial tension and uniaxial tension loads respectively. The difference between them and the reasons for the difference are discussed. The influence of the stress parallel to crack on fracture of brittle material was demonstrated in theory and experiments. The results show that plane stress fracture toughness of glass is not a material constant. and that the fracture toughness measured in biaxial tension state is higher than that measured under uniaxial tension. The conventional fracture criterion upon the stress intensity factor is questioned in the case of biaxial stress problem, and the strain dependence of crack growth is discussed.

龙眼果粉的水分吸附特性研究

以龙眼果粉为对象,利用静态测量法测定其在不同温度下的吸湿等温线,探究在不同含水率下龙眼果粉的X射线衍射图谱及玻璃化转变温度,并通过数学方程计算其热力学特性参数,以揭示龙眼果粉的水分吸附特性。结果表明,龙眼果粉的吸湿等温线为Ⅲ型等温线,Peleg模型是龙眼果粉吸湿等温线的最佳拟合模型。在水分活度(water activity,A_(w))>0.69时,龙眼果粉水分吸附量显著增加,导致糖类晶体结构消失。龙眼果粉的吸附过程符合熵焓互补理论,其吉布斯自由能为1586.6 J/mol>0,表明可通过控制环境条件来控制龙眼果粉的吸附过程。干基含水率从0.054 g/g上升到0.350 g/g时,龙眼果粉的玻璃化转变温度起始点从14.6℃降低至-26.5℃,其终点从39.1℃下降至-5.8℃。25℃下龙眼果粉的理论最佳贮藏A_(w)为0.086,对应的干基含水率为0.0495 g/g。该研究结果可为龙眼果粉贮藏条件的选择提供参考。

《状态》陶瓷与玻璃创作说明

极简生活是受极简主义艺术观念的影响,在消费主导的社会背景下当代年轻群体所日趋崇尚的一种生活方式,表现为对于消费的限制和物质极致化的追求,本质上是人们对于生活本真的追寻态度。作品《状态》从极简主义观念中深受启发,于自然界的禅意精神中汲取灵感,在造型设计上表现出极简主义艺术风格中简洁、直观的特征,在色彩上体现出极简主义艺术风格中纯粹的视觉效果。作品采用玻璃窑制中铸造,热弯的方式,通过玻璃材料明净、通透、坚硬的外表特征和高温下柔软、可塑的工艺属性,来表现笔者对极简生活状态的理解。

Broadband Near-Infrared Emission from Transparent Ni^2＋ -Doped Sodium Aluminosilicate Glass Ceramics

从透明的做 Ni2+ 的钠铝矽酸盐 glass-cermaics 的宽带整洁红外线的排放被观察。宽广排放在 1290 nm 被集中并且在 about340 nm 的半最大值用完整的宽度盖住整个电信波长区域(1100-1700 nm ) 。观察红外线的排放能被归因于 T-3 (2 )(F)-】(3 ) 在 nanocrystals 占据高地的地点的八面的 Ni2+ 离子的 A (2 )(F) 转变。一生和刺激排放十字节的产品是 2.15 x 10 (-24) 厘米(2 ) s。Ni2+-dopedsodium 铝矽酸盐玻璃陶艺在悦耳的宽带光来源和宽带放大器有潜在的应用，这被建议。

Structural Role of CeO₂in the Modified Borate Glass-Ceramics

A new type of cerium borate glass-ceramic is prepared and studied. The microstructure and crystallization behaviors of the glass samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron diffraction (ED), and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The microstructures of samples contain <1 mol% CeO2 are amorphous in nature. More addition of CeO2 transforms the glass to glass-ceramics without thermal annealing. The morphological change of the microstructure of these materials was followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The obtained results have revealed that the addition of more than 0.8 mol% CeO2 can promote nucleation and crystallization routes that are combined with the establishment of diverse crystalline phases. Glasses with lower contents of CeO2showed no tendency to crystallization. The crystals of CeO2 containing glasses were spheroid like morphology that was assigned to the three-dimensional fast growth of the well-formed structural species in the boro-apatite phase. In addition, the cerium free glass is characterized by particle-like morphology. Then the growth of spheroid species in three-dimension plays better compatibility and bioactivity behavior than that of the other types of morphology. This is may because the spherical shape has a higher surface area than that of the needle-like morphology. Accumulation and aggregation of small-sized spheres from cerium borate phases played the role of enhancing the hardness of the studied materials.

Gd^(3+)/Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)掺杂氟氧化物玻璃发光敏化作用的影响

本文采用高温熔融法制备了Gd/Tb、Gd/Ce、Gd/Ce/Tb掺杂的SiO_(2)-B_(2)O_(3)-BaF_(2)组分氟氧化物玻璃,通过测试X射线衍射光谱确定了其物相,通过测试其不同波段激发下的荧光光谱研究了不同Gd_(2)O_(3)掺量下Tb^(3+)的发光性能,并确定了Gd_(2)O_(3)更精确的最佳掺量范围。此外,文中通过改变气氛制备了Gd/Ce/Tb共掺杂氟氧化物玻璃,对比研究了Gd^(3+)和Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)的敏化作用。结果表明,本文所制备的氟氧化物玻璃都呈稳定的玻璃态;Gd^(3+)和Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)的发光都具有敏化作用,且Gd_(2)O_(3)掺量为7%(摩尔分数,下同)时敏化效果相较于其他掺量最为显著,超出7%则造成猝灭;Ce_(2)O_(3)掺入玻璃后以Ce^(3+)和Ce^(4+)两种价态共存,在还原气氛下掺入相较于空气气氛下掺入更容易保持Ce^(3+)状态,而且Ce^(3+)对Tb^(3+)的发光具有敏化作用,Ce^(4+)会抑制Tb^(3+)的发光。

Equation of state of Zr_(41)Ti_(14)Cu_(12.5)Ni_(10)Be_(22.5) bulk metallic glas

The knowledge of the equation of state(EOS)and the compressibility of a solid are of central importance for the understanding of the behavior and the application of a condensed matter.The compression behavior of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass(BMG)is investigated at room temperature up to 24 GPa using in-situ high pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation.A model of basic cell volume has been established and the equation of state of BMG is determined by the calculation of radial distribution function.The experimental results indicate that the BMG contains a large amount of vacancy-like free volume.Low pressure(below 7 GPa)induces the collapse of the free volume to some extent and structure relaxation in the BMG.

X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA ANALYSIS ON THE STRUCTURE AROUND Ti^(4+) OF BaO-SiO_2-B_2O_3-TiO_2 SYSTEM GLASSES

The structure around Ti4+ in BaO-SiO2-B2O3-TiO2 had been studied by X-ray fluorescence spectra. The results show that the Ti4+ mainly exists in the [TiO4] and enters the network of [SiO4]. [TiO4] has the tendency to change to [TiO6] with the increase of TiO2 content. When the TiO2 content increases to about 20mol% the tendency reaches its maximum.

新疆叶城县6~18岁中小学生屈光状态筛查及近视戴镜率分析

目的:调查研究新疆叶城县6~18岁中小学生的屈光状态及近视戴镜率情况。方法:横断面调查。于2021-10/2022-06采用以学校为单位的分层随机抽样法选取新疆喀什地区叶城县51所小学和30所中学学生81863人纳入研究,收集学生的基本资料,并进行非睫状肌麻痹验光,检测裸眼远视力和戴镜矫正视力,观察不同年龄、性别及民族学生的屈光状态、近视戴镜率和足矫率情况。结果:纳入学生近视检出率为13.39%(10958/81863),戴镜率为23.96%(2626/10958),足矫率为50.57%(1328/2626)。随着年龄的增长近视检出率呈一定的上升趋势,且女生近视检出率大于男生(15.75%vs 10.96%),汉族、维吾尔族、其他民族学生近视检出率分别为68.12%、12.63%、22.42%。结论:新疆叶城县6~18岁中心学生筛查性近视检出率及戴镜率均较低,而汉族学生近视检出率及戴镜率明显较维吾尔族及其他民族学生高。

玻璃酒瓶内壁挂珠原因分析与潜在解决措施研究

随着消费者对产品质量和食品安全的关注度越来越高,对白酒玻璃酒瓶的质量要求越来越严格,酒瓶内壁挂珠现象越来越受到关注。本文探究了不同挂珠程度酒瓶的成分、结构、内表面润湿角和粗糙度等,并分析了引起挂珠产生的可能原因。结果表明,增加酒瓶玻璃成分中SiO_(2)的含量,降低Na_(2)O在酒瓶玻璃表面富集,降低酒瓶内表面的接触角是解决挂珠的潜在措施。研究结果可为酒瓶生产企业提高产品质量提供理论参考。

The influence of cation additives on the NIR luminescence intensity of Er~(3+)-doped borate glasses

Er3+-doped 25BaO-(25-x)SiO2-xAl2O3-25B2O3 transparent glasses are prepared with x = 0,12.5 and 25 by a solid-state reaction.The Er-related NIR luminescence intensity,which corresponds to the transition of 4I15/2-4I13/2,is obviously altered with different silicon/aluminum ratios.The Judd-Ofelt parameters of the Er3+ ions are adopted to explain the intensity change in the NIR fluorescence,and the Raman scattering intensity versus the amount of Al and/or Si components are discussed.The spectra of the three samples are quite similar in the peak positions,but different in intensity.The maximal phonon density of state for the samples is calculated from the Raman spectra and is correlated to the NIR luminescence efficiency.

中空玻璃空气层厚度对传热系数的影响对比分析

中空玻璃的节能性能是建筑节能的关键部分,为了得到常规两玻一腔中空玻璃最佳空气层厚度,取民用建筑和家装常用的两种不同玻璃厚度的中空玻璃,使用紫外可见近红外分光光度计和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分别对所选取的试验样品在250~2500 nm波长范围的光谱透射率、反射率,2500~25000 nm波长范围的远红外反射率进行测定,通过变换中空玻璃中间空气层厚度,计算出不同空气层厚度下中空玻璃稳态U值(传热系数)的变化曲线,从而得出随着中空玻璃空气间隔层厚度的增加,中空玻璃稳态U值先大幅度减小后略微增大,后趋于平稳。综合考虑经济效益等因素,两玻一腔中空玻璃空气层为15 mm时节能、经济效益最好。

固态全无机电致变色玻璃窗透过率与遮蔽系数测试与分析

为了更好地发挥电致变色玻璃主动调控光谱的属性,为电致变色玻璃在建筑上的应用提供理论指导,以两玻一腔中空玻璃为例讨论了可见光透过率和遮蔽系数(节能效果)变化。研究发现,获得更大的可见光透过率差(褪色态-着色态)重点是要提高电致变色玻璃透过率,但相比于成本更高的电致变色玻璃,提高Low-E玻璃透过率更为现实。为了更大限度地发挥电致变色玻璃的节能特性,分别将电致变色玻璃放置于中空玻璃的室内侧与室外侧测试,结果表明当电致变色玻璃位于室外侧时,遮蔽系数变化幅度最大(0.46),更能适应多种场景下的使用,但同时也对电致变色玻璃的膜层性能提出了更高的要求。

基于压电阻抗法的化学螺栓紧固状态检测方法

为确保固定玻璃幕墙的化学螺栓无松动,基于化学螺栓紧固状态对压电陶瓷振动对的影响作用,研发了一种化学螺栓紧固情况无损检测方法。通过测试压电陶瓷阻抗特征频率的变化规律,来检测化学螺栓的紧固状态,并利用压电阻抗技术和机器学习算法,对玻璃幕墙结构中的化学螺栓松动脱落风险进行分析。实践证实,新方法具有较高的检测准确率,可在玻璃幕墙建筑中推广应用。

氟化钙污泥制备高性能上转换发光微晶玻璃的研究

半导体行业产生的氟化钙(CaF_(2))污泥量大且含有絮凝剂等杂质,资源化利用难度大,现阶段主要处理方式为填埋。本文提出了将CaF_(2)污泥回收制备上转换发光微晶玻璃的资源化技术。将SiO_(2)、稀土Er_(2)O_(3)和Yb_(2)O_(3)引入到CaF_(2)污泥中,通过高温固相熔融法制备了一系列上转换发光微晶玻璃。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、荧光光谱等表征手段研究了不同含量CaF_(2)污泥和不同晶化温度对所得上转换发光微晶玻璃的结构、形貌、上转换发光峰位置、强度和荧光寿命等的作用规律。所得CaF_(2)基上转换发光微晶玻璃在980 nm激光激发下,能够发射出绿光(523和539 nm)和红光(655 nm)。原料质量配比为84.5%CaF_(2)污泥-10%SiO_(2)-0.5%Er_(2)O_(3)-5%Yb_(2)O_(3)且未晶化的微晶玻璃具有最大的绿光发射强度;经600℃晶化后,红光发射变强,说明晶化处理可调控CaF_(2)基上转换发光微晶玻璃的发射光谱。本文利用CaF_(2)污泥成功制备出高性能上转换发光微晶玻璃,为CaF_(2)污泥的高价值资源化利用提供了参考。