Preparation and Characterization of CA-MA Eutectic/Silicon Dioxide Nanoscale Composite Phase Change Material from Water Glass via Sol-Gel Method

This work mainly involved the preparation of a nano-scale form-stable phase change material（PCM） consisting of capric and myristic acid（CA-MA） binary eutectic acting as thermal absorbing material and nano silicon dioxide（nano-SiO_2） serving as the supporting material. Industrial water glass for preparation of the nano silicon dioxide matrix and CA-MA eutectic mixture were compounded by single-step sol-gel method with the silane coupling agent. The morphology, chemical characterization and form stability property of the composite PCM were investigated by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, Fourier-transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopy and polarizing microscopy（POM）. It was indicated that the average diameter of the composite PCM particle ranged from 30-100 nm. The CA-MA eutectic was immobilized in the network pores constructed by the Si-O bonds so that the composite PCM was allowed no liquid leakage above the melting temperature of the CA-MA eutectic. Differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） measurement were conducted to investigate the thermal properties and stability of the composite PCM. From the measurement results, the mass fraction of the CA-MA eutectic in the composite PCM was about 40%. The phase change temperature and latent heat of the composite were determined to be 21.15 ℃ and 55.67 J/g, respectively. Meanwhile, thermal conductivity of the composite was measured to be 0.208 W·m^（-1）·K^（-1） by using the transient hot-wire method. The composite PCM was able to maintain the surrounding temperature close to its phase change temperature and behaved well in thermalregulated performance which was verified by the heat storage-release experiment. This kind of form-stable PCM was supposed to complete thermal insulation even temperature regulation by the dual effect of relatively low thermal conductivity and phase change thermal storage-release properties. So it can be formulated that the nanoscale CA-MA/SiO_2 composite PCM with the form-stable property, good thermal storage capacity and relatively low thermal conductivity can be applied for energy conservation as a kind of thermal functional material.

二氧化硅对玻璃在水润滑时的摩擦性能的影响

用栓－盘摩擦试验机，测定了石英玻璃和３种硅酸盐玻璃在大气及水中的摩擦性能，考察了试样中ＳｉＯ＿２含量，润滑介质及表面处理对其的影响。结果表明，试样中的ＳｉＯ＿２含量越高，其在水中的减摩作用越好；且这种减摩作用只在介质为水时突出，而在乙醇和液体石蜡与苯的混合溶液中却不明显。ＳｉＯ＿２在水中的减摩作用是通过其表面与水之间的相互作用而实现的。用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ变换红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）测定了ＳｉＯ＿２粉末吸附水的行为，并在此基础上提出了ＳｉＯ＿２的减摩机理，认为水分子与ＳｉＯ＿２表面生成Ｓｉ一ＯＨ，并形成牢固附着的水分子膜是减摩的主要原因。

煤矸石酸浸渣-硫酸钠碳热法制备水玻璃的实验研究

为了便于利用煤矸石酸浸渣-硫酸钠干法制备水玻璃,用98%硫酸作酸浸介质、微波进行辅助加热直接浸取煤矸石中酸溶物,制备富含硅的酸浸渣。按酸浸渣中二氧化硅与硫酸钠中氧化钠摩尔比1.0配料干法生产低模数水玻璃。研究了焦炭量、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、冷却方式、溶解温度、溶解时间、液固比对二氧化硅溶出率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:焦炭量为硫酸钠质量的17.0%,煅烧温度1100℃,熔融时间1 h,冷却方式为水淬骤冷,液固质量比为10∶1,溶解温度80℃,溶解时间90 min,此条件下二氧化硅溶出率为72.56%,液体水玻璃模数为1.24。

新型电位滴定法测定水玻璃模数

本文建立了一种测定水玻璃中氧化钠,二氧化硅以及模数的新型电位滴定法,用盐酸标准溶液滴定水玻璃中的氧化钠含量,剩余体系,加入过量氟化钠,生成定量氢氧化钠,用盐酸标准溶液滴定至pH值=6.2,计算水玻璃中的二氧化硅含量。该方法相比较传统手动滴定的方法,具有快速,精准的特点,对滴定终点的控制由电极完成,避免了肉眼识别变色点的误差,具有很好的重复性和灵敏度。