BACKGROUND： Substantia nigra is deep in position and limited in range, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） injection directly into substantia nigra has relatively greater damages with higher diff...BACKGROUND： Substantia nigra is deep in position and limited in range, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） injection directly into substantia nigra has relatively greater damages with higher difficulty. GDNF injection into striatum, the target area of dopaminergic neuron, may protect the dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of substantia nigra through retrograde transport. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the protective effect of intrastriatal GDNF on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson disease （PD）, and analyze the action pathway. DESIGN： A controlled observation. SETTING： Neurobiological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College. MATERIALS： Twenty-four male Kunming mice of 7 - 8 weeks old were used. GDNF, 1-methy1-4-pheny1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP） were purchased from Sigma Company （USA）; LEICAQWin image processing and analytical system. METHODS： The experiments were carded out in the Neurobiological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College from September 2005 to October 2006. The PD models were established in adult KunMing mice by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. The model mice were were randomly divided into four groups with 6 mice in each group： GDNF 4-day group, phosphate buffer solution （PSB） 4-day group, GDNF 6-day group and PSB 6-day group. Mice in the GDNF 4 and 6-day groups were administrated with 1 μ L GDNF solution （20 μ g/L, dispensed with 0.01 mol/L PBS） injected into right striatum at 4 and 6 days after model establishment. Mice in the PSB 4 and 6-day groups were administrated with 0.01 mol/L PBS of the same volume to the same injection at corresponding time points. ② On the 12^th day after model establishment, the midbrain tissue section of each mice was divided into 3 areas from rostral to caudal sides. The positive neurons of tyroxine hydroxylase （TH） and calcium binding protein （CB） with obvious nucleolus and clear outline were randomly selected for the measurement, and the number of positive neurons in unit area was counted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Number of positive neurons of TH and CB in midbrain substantia nigra of mice in each group. RESULTS： All the 24 mice were involved in the analysis of results. The numbers of TH^＋ and CB^＋ neurons in the GDNF 4-day group （54.33±6.92, 46.33±5.54） were obviously more than those in the PBS 4-day group （27.67±5.01, 21.50±5.96, P 〈 0.01）. The numbers of TH^＋ and CB^＋ neurons in the GDNF 6-day group （75.67±5.39, 69.67±8.69） were obviously more than those in the PBS 6-day group （27.17±4.50, 21.33 ±5.72, P 〈 0.01） and those in the GDNF 4-day group （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Intrastriatal GDNF can protect dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of PD mice, and it may be related to the increase of CB expression.展开更多
目的:利用胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neurotroph ic factor,GDNF)对经过转染核相关因子1(nuc lear related factor 1,Nurr1)基因的大鼠骨髓源神经干细胞(bone m arrow strom al cells de-rived from neural s...目的:利用胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neurotroph ic factor,GDNF)对经过转染核相关因子1(nuc lear related factor 1,Nurr1)基因的大鼠骨髓源神经干细胞(bone m arrow strom al cells de-rived from neural stem cells,BMSCs-D-NSCs)进行培养和诱导分化,研究其能否促进Nurr1-BMSCs-D-NSCs向多巴胺能神经元转化。方法:(1)构建AAV-pcDNA3.1-Nurr1载体;(2)诱导SD大鼠BMSCs分化为成熟的神经元样细胞;(3)用脂质体法转染Nurr1基因到大鼠BMSCs-D-NSCs后用GDNF进行培养和诱导分化。结果:(1)AAV-pcDNA3.1-Nurr1载体携带预期的Nurr1遗传信息;(2)Nurr1基因成功转染到BMSCs-D-NSCs中并且持续表达;(3)Nurr1-BMSCs-D-NSCs以GDNF培养后表达TH因子。结论:GDNF能促进经过转染Nurr1基因的大鼠BMSCs-D-NSCs向多巴胺能神经元定向分化。展开更多
目的观察血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对糖尿病大鼠海马胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)表达及认知功能的影响。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病组(DM组)、糖尿病+Ang(1-7)组(DM1组)、糖尿病+An...目的观察血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对糖尿病大鼠海马胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)表达及认知功能的影响。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病组(DM组)、糖尿病+Ang(1-7)组(DM1组)、糖尿病+Ang(1-7)+A779组(DM2组)。糖尿病大鼠模型通过腹腔注射STZ(60 mg/kg)建立,Morris水迷宫实验测试大鼠空间学习和记忆能力;RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测海马GDNF m RNA和蛋白水平的表达;尼氏染色观察海马神经元形态变化;免疫组织化学方法检测GFAP及caspase-3表达的变化。结果与NC组相比,DM组大鼠逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少(P<0.05),海马区GDNF m RNA及蛋白表达下降(P<0.05),神经元明显受损(P<0.05),GFAP表达减少(P<0.05),caspase-3阳性细胞明显增多(P<0.05)。与DM组相比,DM1组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增加(P<0.05),海马GDNF的表达增多(P<0.05),神经元受损减少(P<0.05),GFAP表达增加(P<0.05),caspase-3阳性细胞表达显著下降(P<0.05),联合应用Ang(1-7)和Mas受体拮抗剂A779后,Ang(1-7)上述作用被阻断(P<0.05)。结论 Ang(1-7)与Mas结合后对糖尿病大鼠认知功能有改善作用,其机制可能与上调大鼠海马GFAP和GDNF的表达、影响神经元存活有关。展开更多
While hallmarks of rodent spermatogonia stem cell biomarkers' heterogeneity have recently been identified, their stage and subset distributions remain unclear. Furthermore, it is currently difficult to accurately ...While hallmarks of rodent spermatogonia stem cell biomarkers' heterogeneity have recently been identified, their stage and subset distributions remain unclear. Furthermore, it is currently difficult to accurately identify subset-specific SSC marker distributions due to the poor nuclear morphological characteristics associated with fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde. In the present study, testicular cross-sections and whole-mount samples were Bouin fixed to optimize nuclear resolution and visualized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). The results identified an expression pattern of PLZFhighc-KITpos in A1 spermatogonia, while A2–A4-differentiating spermatogonia were PLZFlowc-KITpos. Additionally, this procedure was used to examine asymmetrically expressing GFRA1 and PLZF clones, asymmetric Apr and false clones were distinguished based on the presence or absence of TEX14, a molecular maker of intercellular bridges, despite having identical nuclear morphology and intercellular distances that were <25 μm. In conclusion, this optimized Bouin fixation procedure facilitates the accurate identification of spermatogonium subsets based on their molecular profiles and is capable of distinguishing asymmetric and false clones. Therefore, the findings presented herein will facilitate further morphological and functional analysis studies and provide further insight into spermatogonium subtypes.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Department of Education, No. 02KJB310009
文摘BACKGROUND： Substantia nigra is deep in position and limited in range, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） injection directly into substantia nigra has relatively greater damages with higher difficulty. GDNF injection into striatum, the target area of dopaminergic neuron, may protect the dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of substantia nigra through retrograde transport. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the protective effect of intrastriatal GDNF on dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson disease （PD）, and analyze the action pathway. DESIGN： A controlled observation. SETTING： Neurobiological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College. MATERIALS： Twenty-four male Kunming mice of 7 - 8 weeks old were used. GDNF, 1-methy1-4-pheny1-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine （MPTP） were purchased from Sigma Company （USA）; LEICAQWin image processing and analytical system. METHODS： The experiments were carded out in the Neurobiological Laboratory of Xuzhou Medical College from September 2005 to October 2006. The PD models were established in adult KunMing mice by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP. The model mice were were randomly divided into four groups with 6 mice in each group： GDNF 4-day group, phosphate buffer solution （PSB） 4-day group, GDNF 6-day group and PSB 6-day group. Mice in the GDNF 4 and 6-day groups were administrated with 1 μ L GDNF solution （20 μ g/L, dispensed with 0.01 mol/L PBS） injected into right striatum at 4 and 6 days after model establishment. Mice in the PSB 4 and 6-day groups were administrated with 0.01 mol/L PBS of the same volume to the same injection at corresponding time points. ② On the 12^th day after model establishment, the midbrain tissue section of each mice was divided into 3 areas from rostral to caudal sides. The positive neurons of tyroxine hydroxylase （TH） and calcium binding protein （CB） with obvious nucleolus and clear outline were randomly selected for the measurement, and the number of positive neurons in unit area was counted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Number of positive neurons of TH and CB in midbrain substantia nigra of mice in each group. RESULTS： All the 24 mice were involved in the analysis of results. The numbers of TH^＋ and CB^＋ neurons in the GDNF 4-day group （54.33±6.92, 46.33±5.54） were obviously more than those in the PBS 4-day group （27.67±5.01, 21.50±5.96, P 〈 0.01）. The numbers of TH^＋ and CB^＋ neurons in the GDNF 6-day group （75.67±5.39, 69.67±8.69） were obviously more than those in the PBS 6-day group （27.17±4.50, 21.33 ±5.72, P 〈 0.01） and those in the GDNF 4-day group （P 〈 0.01 ）. CONCLUSION： Intrastriatal GDNF can protect dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra of PD mice, and it may be related to the increase of CB expression.
文摘目的:利用胶质细胞系源性神经营养因子(glial cell line-derived neurotroph ic factor,GDNF)对经过转染核相关因子1(nuc lear related factor 1,Nurr1)基因的大鼠骨髓源神经干细胞(bone m arrow strom al cells de-rived from neural stem cells,BMSCs-D-NSCs)进行培养和诱导分化,研究其能否促进Nurr1-BMSCs-D-NSCs向多巴胺能神经元转化。方法:(1)构建AAV-pcDNA3.1-Nurr1载体;(2)诱导SD大鼠BMSCs分化为成熟的神经元样细胞;(3)用脂质体法转染Nurr1基因到大鼠BMSCs-D-NSCs后用GDNF进行培养和诱导分化。结果:(1)AAV-pcDNA3.1-Nurr1载体携带预期的Nurr1遗传信息;(2)Nurr1基因成功转染到BMSCs-D-NSCs中并且持续表达;(3)Nurr1-BMSCs-D-NSCs以GDNF培养后表达TH因子。结论:GDNF能促进经过转染Nurr1基因的大鼠BMSCs-D-NSCs向多巴胺能神经元定向分化。
文摘目的观察血管紧张素(1-7)[Ang(1-7)]对糖尿病大鼠海马胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)表达及认知功能的影响。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、糖尿病组(DM组)、糖尿病+Ang(1-7)组(DM1组)、糖尿病+Ang(1-7)+A779组(DM2组)。糖尿病大鼠模型通过腹腔注射STZ(60 mg/kg)建立,Morris水迷宫实验测试大鼠空间学习和记忆能力;RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测海马GDNF m RNA和蛋白水平的表达;尼氏染色观察海马神经元形态变化;免疫组织化学方法检测GFAP及caspase-3表达的变化。结果与NC组相比,DM组大鼠逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台次数减少(P<0.05),海马区GDNF m RNA及蛋白表达下降(P<0.05),神经元明显受损(P<0.05),GFAP表达减少(P<0.05),caspase-3阳性细胞明显增多(P<0.05)。与DM组相比,DM1组大鼠逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越平台次数增加(P<0.05),海马GDNF的表达增多(P<0.05),神经元受损减少(P<0.05),GFAP表达增加(P<0.05),caspase-3阳性细胞表达显著下降(P<0.05),联合应用Ang(1-7)和Mas受体拮抗剂A779后,Ang(1-7)上述作用被阻断(P<0.05)。结论 Ang(1-7)与Mas结合后对糖尿病大鼠认知功能有改善作用,其机制可能与上调大鼠海马GFAP和GDNF的表达、影响神经元存活有关。
基金the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Project No. 2016YFC1000200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31472054).
文摘While hallmarks of rodent spermatogonia stem cell biomarkers' heterogeneity have recently been identified, their stage and subset distributions remain unclear. Furthermore, it is currently difficult to accurately identify subset-specific SSC marker distributions due to the poor nuclear morphological characteristics associated with fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde. In the present study, testicular cross-sections and whole-mount samples were Bouin fixed to optimize nuclear resolution and visualized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF). The results identified an expression pattern of PLZFhighc-KITpos in A1 spermatogonia, while A2–A4-differentiating spermatogonia were PLZFlowc-KITpos. Additionally, this procedure was used to examine asymmetrically expressing GFRA1 and PLZF clones, asymmetric Apr and false clones were distinguished based on the presence or absence of TEX14, a molecular maker of intercellular bridges, despite having identical nuclear morphology and intercellular distances that were <25 μm. In conclusion, this optimized Bouin fixation procedure facilitates the accurate identification of spermatogonium subsets based on their molecular profiles and is capable of distinguishing asymmetric and false clones. Therefore, the findings presented herein will facilitate further morphological and functional analysis studies and provide further insight into spermatogonium subtypes.
