Semi-analytical solution for mechanical analysis of tunnels crossing strike-slip fault zone considering nonuniform fault displacement and uncertain fault plane position

The tunnel subjected to strike-slip fault dislocation exhibits severe and catastrophic damage.The existing analysis models frequently assume uniform fault displacement and fixed fault plane position.In contrast,post-earthquake observations indicate that the displacement near the fault zone is typically nonuniform,and the fault plane position is uncertain.In this study,we first established a series of improved governing equations to analyze the mechanical response of tunnels under strike-slip fault dislocation.The proposed methodology incorporated key factors such as nonuniform fault displacement and uncertain fault plane position into the governing equations,thereby significantly enhancing the applicability range and accuracy of the model.In contrast to previous analytical models,the maximum computational error has decreased from 57.1%to 1.1%.Subsequently,we conducted a rigorous validation of the proposed methodology by undertaking a comparative analysis with a 3D finite element numerical model,and the results from both approaches exhibited a high degree of qualitative and quantitative agreement with a maximum error of 9.9%.Finally,the proposed methodology was utilized to perform a parametric analysis to explore the effects of various parameters,such as fault displacement,fault zone width,fault zone strength,the ratio of maximum fault displacement of the hanging wall to the footwall,and fault plane position,on the response of tunnels subjected to strike-slip fault dislocation.The findings indicate a progressive increase in the peak internal forces of the tunnel with the rise in fault displacement and fault zone strength.Conversely,an augmentation in fault zone width is found to contribute to a decrease in the peak internal forces.For example,for a fault zone width of 10 m,the peak values of bending moment,shear force,and axial force are approximately 46.9%,102.4%,and 28.7% higher,respectively,compared to those observed for a fault zone width of 50 m.Furthermore,the position of the peak internal forces is influenced by variations in the ratio of maximum fault displacement of the hanging wall to footwall and the fault plane location,while the peak values of shear force and axial force always align with the fault plane.The maximum peak internal forces are observed when the footwall exclusively bears the entirety of the fault displacement,corresponding to a ratio of 0:1.The peak values of bending moment,shear force,and axial force for the ratio of 0:1 amount to approximately 123.8%,148.6%,and 111.1% of those for the ratio of 0.5:0.5,respectively.

Engineering geological classification of the structural planes for hydroelectric projects in Emeishan Basalts

The scale and characteristics of rock mass are important indexes of the rock mass structural plane classification. This paper firstly analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, the structural plane types （original structural plane, tectonic structural plane and hypergenic structural plane） and the associated features of the Emeishan basalts and then studies the classification schemes of the built hydropower structure planes of different rock areas （the east district, the central district and the west district） in the Emeishan basalt distribution area, Southwest China. Based on the analysis and comparison of the scale and the engineering geological characteristics of the typical structure planes in the basalt hydroelectric Stations, the types of structural planes are used in the first order classification. The secondary order classification is made by considering the impact factors of rock mass quality, e.g., the state of the structural planes, infilling, joint opening, extending length, the grade of weathering and strength. The engineering geological classification for Emeishan basalt is proposed. Because there are no evidences of a large structure presenting in study area, the first-order （Ⅰ） controlling structural planes do not appear in the classification, there only appear Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ grade structural planes influencing the rock-mass quality. According to the different rock-block types in bedding fault zone, the second-grade （Ⅱ） structural planes consisted of bedding fault zone is further classified into Ⅱ1, Ⅱ2 and Ⅱ3. The third-grade （Ⅲ） structural planes constructed by intraformational faulted zones are not subdivided. According to the different characteristics of intrusion, alteration and weathering unloading structural planes, the Ⅳ grade structure plane is divided into Ⅳ1, Ⅳ2 and Ⅳ3. According to the development characteristics of joints and fractures, the V grade structure plane is divided into fracture Ⅴ1 and columnar joint Ⅴ2. In all, the structural planes are classified into four groups with nine subsets. The research proposes the engineering geological classification of the structural plane for the hydropower project in the Emishan basalts, and the result of the study has a potential application in similar regions.

EXACT SOLUTIONS OF NEAR CRACK LINE FIELDS FOR MODE I CRACK UNDER PLANE STRESS CONDITION IN AN ELASTIC－PERFECTLY PLASTIC SOLID

The near crack line analysis method has been used in the present paper,The classical small scale yielding conditions have been completely abandoned in the analyses and one inappropriate matching condition used to be used at the elasticplastic boundary has been corrected.The reasonable solution of the plastic stresses near the crack line region has been established.By matching the plastic stresses with the exact elastic stresses at the elastic-plastic boundary,the plastic stresses the length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary near the crock line region have been obtained for a mode I crack under uniaxial tension,as well as a mode I crack under biaxial tension,which shows that for both conditions the plastic stress componentsσy, and σsy.he length of the plastic zone and the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary are quite the same while the plastic stress σs is different.

Fault Type Analysis along the San Andreas Fault Zone: A Numerical Approach

Finite Element (FE) modeling under plane stress condition is used to analyze the fault type variation with depth along and around the San Andreas Fault (SAF) zone. In this simulation elastic rheology was used and was thought justifiable as the variation in depth from 0.5 km to 20 km was considered. Series of calculations were performed with the variation in domain properties. Three types of models were created based on simple geological map of California, namely, 1) single domain model considering whole California as one homogeneous domain, 2) three domains model including the North American plate, Pacific plate, and SAF zone as separate domains, and 3) Four domains model including the three above plus the Garlock Fault zone. Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and Byerlee's law were used for the calculation of failure state. All the models were driven by displacement boundary condition imposing the fixed North American plate and Pacific plate motion along N34°W vector up to the northern terminus of SAF and N50°E vector motion for the subducting the Gorda and Juan de Fuca plates. Our simulated results revealed that as the depth increased, the fault types were generally normal, and at shallow depth greater strike slip and some thrust faults were formed. It is concluded that SAF may be terminated as normal fault at depth although the surface expression is clearly strike slip.

Quiet Zone Design in Diffuse Fields Using Ultrasonic Transducers

This paper presents quiet zone design using ultrasonic transducers for local active control in pure tone diffuse fields. Most of researches in local active noise control used conventional loudspeakers for the secondary sources to produce quiet zones. Recently ultrasonic transducers have been used for the secondary sources to control the plane wave in active noise control. However there is no research related to active noise control in diffuse fields using ultrasonic transducers. Therefore this study uses ultrasonic transducers for the secondary sources to control the diffuse fields. The quiet zone produced using ultrasonic transducers in single tone diffuse fields has been analyzed through simulations in this work. The results showed that quiet zones created using ultrasonic transducers were larger than those created using conventional loudspeakers. This is due to the fact that the audible sound pressure produced by the ultrasonic transducers decays slowly with the distance. Therefore the secondary field created by an ultrasonic transducer could fit the primary field better and the larger zone of quiet could be obtained using the ultrasonic transducer. Also the audible sound produced by the ultrasonic transducers is directional;therefore the sound pressure amplification outside the quiet zones was lower.

Modeling of Plane Arrays Using a Variational Approach

The variational statement of synthesis problem is generalized in order to account the additional requirements to the synthesized radiation pattern (RP) and field distribution in the specified points of near zone. For this aim, the minimizing functional is supplemented by term providing the possibility to minimize the values of field in these points;creating the deep zeros in the RP for the certain angular coordinates is realized too. The approach foresees reduction of an explicit formula for field values in a near zone. The results of computational modeling testify the possibility to create zeros in the given RP and to minimize the values of field in a near zone of plane arrays in a great extent.

Study on rupture zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake using fault-zone trapped waves

The observation of the fault-zone trapped waves was conducted using a seismic line with dense receivers across surface rupture zone of the M=8.1 Kunlun Mountain earthquake. The fault zone trapped waves were separated from seismograms by numerical filtering and spectral analyzing. The results show that: a) Both explosion and earthquake sources can excite fault-zone trapped waves, as long as they locate in or near the fault zone; b) Most energy of the fault-zone trapped waves concentrates in the fault zone and the amplitudes strongly decay with the distance from observation point to the fault zone; c) Dominant frequencies of the fault-zone trapped waves are related to the width of the fault zone and the velocity of the media in it. The wider the fault zone or the lower the velocity is, the lower the dominant frequencies are; d) For fault zone trapped waves, there exist dispersions; e) Based on the fault zone trapped waves observed in Kunlun Mountain Pass region, the width of the rupture plane is deduced to be about 300 m and is greater than that on the surface.

A SUPPLEMENTARY STUDY OF ANISOTROPIC PLASTIC FIELDS AT A RAPIDLY PROPAGATING PLANE－STRESS CRACK－TIP（I）

The results in Ref. [1] are not suitable for the cases of β≥2. For this reason, byusing the methods in Ref [1] and Ref [2], we derive the general expressions ofamsotropic plastic fields at a rapidly propagating plane-stress crack-tip for both thecases of β=2 and β>2 .

藏东昌都红层滑坡的地质成因模式

藏东昌都红层紧邻北澜沧江结合带(LCS),是近年来新厘定的红层岩系。为进一步丰富和完善红层及滑坡灾害研究,文章基于翔实的现场调查,从构造地质学角度约束滑坡发育的边界条件,总结归纳了藏东昌都红层滑坡的地质成因模式,并对不同类型滑坡典型案例进行了剖析。结果表明:受区域造山作用影响,藏东昌都红层掀斜,发育大量透入性构造面,导致岩体物理力学性能弱化。藏东昌都红层滑坡的地质成因模式主要包括原生层理型、层理断层型、层理节理型、褶皱节理型和断层节理型等5类。构造面是红层滑坡发育的主控因素,建议在明确研究区构造演化过程及构造框架的基础上,精细刻画滑坡区构造面发育特征。研究成果可为揭示滑坡发育的内在机制及监测预警、工程防治等提供理论支撑。

钢铁物流中心平面布局研究

钢铁物流中心将物流的各个环节连接在一起,科学合理地布局钢铁物流中心,对于促进物流中心内各项物流活动高效运作、降低物流成本、提升物流服务质量具有重要意义。结合钢铁物流的特点,研究了钢铁物流中心的功能分区和作业流程,提出适合钢铁物流中心平面布局的原则。根据铁路装卸线是否进入仓库,以及库内桥吊与铁路装卸线的相对关系不同,研究了铁路布置在库外和库内、桥吊垂直和平行铁路布置等4种平面布局方案,并给出了不同布局方案的适用场景。最后结合长沙北货场钢铁物流中心实例,对钢铁物流中心平面布局进行说明,对钢铁物流中心的规划和设计具有一定的参考意义。

基于混合相位的多平面全息显示

在计算全息术中,基于层析法实现多平面全息显示是最常用的方法之一。针对层析法中多个平面之间存在串扰的问题,本文结合随机相位和二次相位的优点,提出了一种基于混合相位的多平面全息显示方法。首先,选择合适的权重因子生成混合相位代替随机相位作为初始相位。利用迭代傅里叶变换算法进行迭代后,将获得的每个子全息图与具有不同重建距离的菲涅尔波带片叠加,接着将每个全息图以复振幅叠加,获取相位后得到纯相位全息图,从而将分层图像重构于指定的平面上。利用硅基液晶空间光调制器搭建多平面全息显示系统开展了相关的光学实验。实验结果表明,与基于随机相位的方法相比,本文方法提高了结构相似性参数(最高可达4.6%),减弱了多个全息重构平面之间的串扰,提高了多平面全息显示的再现质量。

基于机器学习的岩体结构面剪切破坏区域预测研究

剪切破坏区域是岩体结构面上下盘相对运动的主要接触区域,对抗剪强度具有重要影响。鉴于结构面剪切破坏区域与形貌特征的高度非线性关系,本文在分析结构面表面形貌特征及剪切机制的基础上,以粗糙度参数倾向、倾角、曲率、高差和孔径分布来描述结构面表面形貌特征。对结构面试样开展法向应力为1.0 MPa的直剪试验,通过图像分割技术提取剪切破坏区域,利用多种机器学习方法构建结构面剪切破坏区域预测模型,建立结构面粗糙度参数与破坏状态之间的非线性关系,并采用训练准确率和AUC(Area Under Curve)值等指标对模型预测性能进行评估。结果表明所建立的模型中集成装袋树预测性能最好,其次是K最近邻,其训练准确率最高分别可达98.02%和97.38%,AUC值最高分别可达0.78和0.74。通过敏感性分析发现孔径分布对剪切破坏区域的影响最大。本研究对有效分析结构面的剪切破坏机理和准确评价抗剪强度具有重要意义。

全板宽厚玻璃的离线应力测试方法

厚板玻璃在生产和加工过程中常常会因退火工艺异常而出现玻璃板应力集中或应力分布不均匀的问题,引发生产过程中断板和后续切裁等质量问题。本研究通过使用双折射法对企业生产线中厚板玻璃的实际微区应力进行测量,进而实现对满板应力分布进行研究和综合分析。基于微区应力测试结果,探讨了微区应力分析方法与满板玻璃平面应力的对应关系,以及对厚板玻璃生产工艺过程的指导作用。

复杂应力场中圆形隧洞偏应力场分布规律

为了厘清深部圆形中导洞(设置于双向隧洞中间)围岩偏应力分布问题,结合岩石力学与摩尔-库仑屈服准则,推导平面三向应力场中圆形隧洞围岩主偏应力与塑性区半径解析解,研究不同工况下圆形隧洞围岩主偏应力的分布规律及塑性区边界处主偏应力的几何形态分布特征。结果表明:当隧洞所处的斜向应力场为竖向应力场0.5~1.0倍时,随着斜向应力场水平方位角α_(1)=α_(2)增加,径向1.0倍隧洞半径范围内顶底主偏应力在快速降低,腰部主偏应力在快速增加,径向1.0倍隧洞半径范围外隧洞围岩主偏应力先小幅下降后又逐渐增大,最终在围岩深部趋于某定值;隧洞围岩主偏应力对其塑性区形态分布影响显著,当斜向应力场水平方位角α_(1)=α_(2)为30°时,围岩塑性区形态分布较优,为圆形或椭圆形。

疾病预防控制中心设计发展趋势探讨——以广州某疾控中心项目为例

疾病预防控制中心是城市的“免疫器官”,其重要性可想而知。以往的设计经验在此次疫情中暴露出很多不完善的方面。文章通过对广州某疾病预防控制中心项目的设计过程进行分析,研究如何建设高质量疾病预防控制中心的方法。通过设计手法如合理规划、完善功能分区、优化实验室布置和做好平疫结合设计等策略方法,去改善传统疾控中心建设普遍存在的问题。

高海拔地区投影变形处理方法适用性研究

在高海拔地区工程坐标系统建设中,对高精度GNSS测量投影变形方法的适用性进行理论与实证分析研究。结合云南高海拔地区程海水利联通工程项目实例,对工程测量中投影变形影响因素进行原因分析与公式推导,分析比较投影变形计算方法中投影面与投影中央子午线的不同组合方案。实例研究得出,在高海拔地区项目以测区平均高程为投影面,反算中央子午线,进行任意带中央子午线投影设置,投影变形最小,建立坐标系统效果最佳。

广西北部湾海域空间资源统筹利用研究

针对广西北部湾海域海洋空间资源开发利用矛盾激烈的问题,本研究根据各类用海活动的海域空间使用特点,从海域管理二维平面兼容性、三维立体分层确权可行性、四维时间区划管理协调性3个层次着手,综合分析各类开发利用活动之间以及开发利用与生态保护之间的矛盾冲突,研究二维三维四维用海空间和时序的优化配置方案,提出用海功能优先级确定的原则。研究成果对国土空间规划海洋部分及各行业用海专项规划编制极具指导意义,得到了广泛应用,有效促进了北部湾海洋空间资源利用的集约节约和协调有序。下一步海洋空间资源管理仍需从政策体制优化、协同机制建设、科学技术创新等方面持续突破,促进广西海洋经济的可持续发展。

交通工程长条形地下结构平面框架计算问题探讨

交通工程长条形地下结构具有荷载大、恒载占总荷载比例高、构件截面尺寸及配筋量大、通常采用平面框架计算模型的特点,结合现行设计规范要求,通过典型工程算例对比对这类模型中杆件计算长度取值、节点刚域处理及结构正截面配筋计算中压应力考虑原则对计算结果的影响进行探讨。进而对这一类地下结构的设计计算提出优化建议,提高结构设计经济性及施工便利性,提升交通工程建设碳效益。

开采沉陷中的层面效应研究

根据复合岩梁理论，推出了开采沉陷中层面滑移函数和层面滑移判断式。获得了层面滑移规律：即当弹性模量一定时，随主要影响半径ｒ的增大和最大下沉值减小，滑移间距增大；当ｒ和最大下沉值一定时，随着弹性模量的增加，滑移间距减小；随层面抗滑力的增加，滑移间距增大。研究了层面滑移量、滑移范围与采厚、弹性模量、主要影响半径及采空区位置的关系。结合相似材料模型观测结果，证明了所给公式和规律的正确性。

三峡库区泄滩滑坡滑带土特征研究

在滑坡地质灾害勘察过程中 ,如何准确地辨识滑带土的特征和确定滑动面的具体位置 ,是让大多数工程技术人员都感到头痛的问题。本文以三峡库区泄滩古滑坡为例 ,较为详细地介绍了泄滩滑坡滑体的结构特征 ,以及通过勘探平硐、钻孔岩芯和地表露头等多种手段揭露的滑带土的基本特征。研究结果表明 ,泄滩滑坡滑带土中不仅可见明显的擦痕、镜面以及碎块石印模 ,而且在个别钻孔可见滑带土呈糜棱岩化现象 ,地表露头还可见到滑带土在地下水和高速下滑过程中被碾压、搓揉原有结构被破坏后又重新胶结的痕迹。同时 ,在滑带以下还存在一层特殊的滑坡影响带。泄滩滑坡滑带土特征非常典型 ,具有一定的代表性 ,可供同行在实际工作中确定滑面时参考。