Lipid-albumin nanoassemblies co-loaded with borneol and paclitaxel for intracellular drug delivery to C6 glioma cells with P-gp inhibition and its tumor targeting

Successful chemotherapy with paclitaxel(PTX)is impeded by multidrug resistance(MDR)in tumor cells.In this study,lipid-albumin nanoassemblies co-loaded with borneol and paclitaxel(BOR/PTX LANs)were prepared to circumvent MDR in C6 glioma cells.The physiochemical properties including particle size,encapsulation efficiency and morphology were evaluated in vitro.Quantitative and qualitative investigations of cellular uptake were carried out in C6 glioma cells.The cytotoxicity of the BOR/PTX LANs was determined by MTT assay.After that,the tumor targeting was also evaluated in C6 glioma bearing mice by in vivo imaging analysis.BOR/PTX LANs have a higher entrapment efficiency(90.4±1.2%),small particle size(107.5±3.2 nm),narrow distribution(P.I.=0.171±0.02).The cellular uptake of PTX was significantly increased by BOR/PTX LANs compared with paclitaxel loaded lipidalbumin nanoassemblies(PTX LANs)in quantitative research.The result was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy qualitatively.The cellular uptake was energy-,timeand concentration-dependent,and clathrin-and endosome/lysosome-associated pathways were involved.The BOR/PTX LANs displayed a higher cytotoxicity agaist C6 glioma cells in comparion with PTX LANs and Taxol.Moreover,the encapsulation of BOR in LANs obviously increased the accumulation of the drug in tumor tissues,demonstrating the tumor targeted ability of BOR/PTX LANs.These results indicated that BOR/PTX LANs could overcome MDR by combination of drug delivery systems and P-gp inhibition,and shown the potential for treatment of gliomas.

Inhibitory effects of lapachol on rat C6 glioma in vitro and in vivo by targeting DNA topoisomerase Ⅰ and topoisomerase Ⅱ

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of lapachol on rat C6 glioma both in vitro and in vivo,as well as the potential mechanisms.METHODS First,the model of C6 glioma in Wistar rats was established and verified by hemotoxylin and eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Then different doses of lapachol were gavaged and tumor volumes of the C6 glioma were detected by MRI.The effects of lapachol on C6 cell proliferation,apoptosis and DNA damage were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS)/phen-azinemethosulfate(PMS)assay,Hoechst33358 staining,AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI staining,and comet assay.Effects of lapachol on topoisomeraseⅠ(TOPⅠ)and topoisomeraseⅡ(TOPⅡ)activities were detected by TOPⅠand TOPⅡmediated supercoiled p BR322 DNA relaxation assay.Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction of lapachol-TOPⅠand lapachol-TOPⅡ.TOP I and TOPⅡexpression levels in C6 cells were determined by Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kits and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS The rat C6 glioma model was successfully established.High dose lapachol showed significant inhibitory effect on the C6 glioma in Wistar rats(P<0.05).MTS/PMS assay,Hoechst 33258 staining,AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI staining,and comet assay showed that lapachol could inhibit proliferation,induce apoptosis and DNA damage of C6 cells in dose dependent manners.Lapachol could inhibit the activities of both TOPⅠandⅡ.Molecular docking showed that lapachol-TOPⅠshowed relatively stronger interaction than that of lapachol-TOPⅡ.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-PCR showed that lapachol could inhibit TOPⅡexpression levels,but not TOPⅠexpression levels.CONCLUSION These results showed that lapachol could significantly inhibit C6 glioma both in vivo and in vitro,which might be related with inhibiting TOPⅠand TOPⅡactivities,as wel as TOPⅡexpression.

Effects of antigliomatin from the scorpion venom of Buthus martensii Karsch on chloride channels on C6 glioma cells

Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, the effects of antigliomatin were observed on chloride channels on C6 glioma cells cultured in vitro. Antigliomatin was extracted from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch. Chloride channels are closed under normal osmotic pressure. When osmotic pressure was reduced to 120, 110 and 100 mV, the cell volume enlarged, chloride channels opened, and the chloride channel current increased. Three minutes after antigliomatin treatment, the chloride channel current decreased in a dose-dependent manner. These results show that antigliomatin extracted from the venom of the scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch diminishes chloride channel currents on C6 glioma cells.

Bone marrow stromal cell versus neural stem cell transplantation in a C6 glioma rat model

BACKGROUND： Embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） have provided positive effects for the treatment of glioma. However, the source for embryonic NSCs remains limited and high amplification conditions are required. Bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） have been proposed for the treatment of glioma. OBJECTIVE： To investigate biological changes in NSCs and BMSCs following transplantation into rat models of glioma. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Embryonic Stem Cell Research Laboratory of Yunyang Medical College from February 2006 to August 2008. MATERIALS： The rat C6 glioma cell line was purchased from Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） monoclonal antibody and Cy3-1abeled goat anti-mouse IgG antibody was purchased from Upstate, USA. METHODS： A total of 95 Sprag6ue Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups： NSC （n = 35）, transplanted with 〉 6 × 10^6 NSCs via left medial hind limb; BMSC （n = 35）, transplanted with 〉 1 × 10^6 BMSCs via left medial hind limb; model group （n = 25）, injected with the same volume of 0.1 mmol/L phosphate buffered saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Gliomal growth and size were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and glioma morphological features were observed following hematoxylin-eosin staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry 3 and 4 weeks following transplantation. RESULTS： The average survival of rats in the BMSC, NSC, and model groups was 4.03, 4.28, and 3.88 weeks. At 3 weeks, there was no significant difference in the average glioma diameter between the BMSC and model groups （P 〉 0.05）. However, gliomal diameter was significantly decreased in the NSC group compared with the model group （P 〈 0.05）. At 4 weeks, there was no statistical difference between the groups （P 〉 0.05）. BrdU immunohistochemistry revealed that BMSCs and NSCs appeared to migrate to the gliomas. CONCLUSION： NSCs inhibited glioma cell growth and prolonged rat survival. BMSCs did not significantly suppress glioma cell growth.

Effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on C6 glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib on proliferation and apoptosis of C6 glioma cells in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A cellular, molecular, controlled study was performed at the Central Laboratory and Room of Electron Microscope, Medical School, Xi＇an Jiaotong University, China from March 2007 to March 2008. MATERIALS： C6 glioma cells during in vitro log phase were assigned to control and experimental groups. Celecoxib （Pfizer, USA）, dimethyl sulfoxide （Sigma, USA）, and MTT （Sigma, USA） were used for this study. METHODS： The control group was subdivided into blank control and dimethyl sulfoxide control groups. C6 glioma cells in the blank control and dimethyl sulfoxide control groups were incubated in Dulbecco＇s modified Eagle＇s medium supplemented with 10% calf serum and 0.3% dimethyl sulfoxide respectively. C6 glioma cells in the experimental group were separately treated with 60, 80 and 100 μmol/L celecoxib. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Activity of C6 glioma cells was examined by MTT assay. C6 glioma cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double-staining, followed by flow cytometry. Morphology and ultrastructure of C6 glioma cells were observed with an inverted microscope and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. RESULTS： Compared with the blank control group, cell density was reduced, adherence ability weakened, and irregular nuclei were visible, with the presence of chromatin condensation, margination, and some apoptotic bodies in the experimental group. Activity of C6 glioma cells was significantly decreased （P 〈 0.05）, cell number was reduced during S phase, cell number was significantly increased during G2/M phase （P 〈 0.01 ）, and the apoptotic rate was significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） in the experimental group. These results were displayed in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The outcomes were obvious in the 100 IJmol/L celecoxib group following 72 hours of treatment. CONCLUSION： Celecoxib blocked proliferation and induced apoptosis of C6 glioma cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.

Inhibitory effects of lapachol on rat C6 glioma in vitro and in vivo by targeting DNA topoisomeraseⅠ and topoisomeraseⅡ

OBJECTIVE Lapachol is a natural naphthoquinone compound that possesses extensive biological activities.The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effects of lapachol on rat C6 glioma both in vitro and in vivo,as well as the potential mechanisms.METHODS The antitumor effect of lapachol was firstly evaluated in the C6 glioma model in Wistar rats.The effects of lapachol on C6 cell proliferation,apoptosis and DNA damage were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium(MTS)/phenazinemethosulfate(PMS)assay,hoechst 33358 staining,annexinⅤ-FITC/PI staining,and comet assay.Effects of lapachol on topoisomerase I(TOP I)and topoisomeraseⅡ(TOPⅡ)activities were detected by TOPⅠand TOPⅡmediated supercoiled p BR322DNA relaxation assays and molecular docking.TOPⅠand TOPⅡexpression levels in C6 cells were also determined.RESULTS High dose lapachol showed significant inhibitory effect on the C6 glioma in Wistar rats(P<0.05).It was showed that lapachol could inhibit proliferation,induce apoptosis and DNA damage of C6 cel s in dose dependent manners.Lapachol could inhibit the activities of both TOPⅠ and Ⅱ.Lapachol-TOPⅠshowed relatively stronger interaction than that of lapachol-TOPⅡin molecular docking study.Also,lapachol could inhibit TOPⅡexpression levels,but not TOPⅠexpression levels.CONCLUSION These results showed that lapachol could significantly inhibit C6 glioma both in vivo and in vitro,which might be related with inhibiting TOPⅠ and TOPⅡ activities,as wel as TOPⅡ expression.

Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation of C6 glioma cells in vitro by tamoxifen

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of tamoxifen on rat C6 glioma cells. Methods C6 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with 3% fetal calf serum (FCS), and treated with tamoxifen of different concentrations, i.e. group A (1.25μmol/L), group B (2.50 μmol/L), group C (5.00 μmol/L), group D (10.00 μmol/L), group E (20.00 μmol/L) and control group (0.00 μmol/L). Morphological changes, MTT assay and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuriding labeling ratio were assessed. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Results C6 cells treated with different doses of tamoxifen for 24, 48, and 72 hours became irregular in shape, while cells treated with vehicle grew normally. MTT assay showed that tamoxifen did not suppress C6 cell growth until 72 hours after treatment. Seventy-two hours after treatment, there were significant differences in cell viable rate between group A versus groups C, D and E; so did group B versus group D as well as group E (P<0.05). BrdU incorporation assay indicated significant difference of BrdU labbled index (BrdU LI) among groups A, C, E and control group 48 hours after treatment (P<0.05). And the BrdU LI decreased with the increased concentration of tamoxifen. Flow cytometry (FCM) showed significant difference between treated group and control group at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Tamoxifen significantly suppresses the growth of C6 glioma cells in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of tamoxifen suppressing C6 glioma cells may be inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, tamoxifen can be a candidate as a chemotherapy agent for glioma.

Inhibitory effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin on rat C6 glioma cell proliferation

BACKGROUND： Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin （PA-MSHA） parenteral injection is used as a broad-spectrum immunomodulator. It remains unclear whether PA-MSHA exhibits inhibitory effects on tumor cell growth. OBJECTIVE： To investigate inhibitory mechanisms of PA-MSHA-induced proliferation in rat C6 glioma cells in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Comparative observation and in vitro experiments were performed at the Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, Kunming Medical College, China from July 2008 to April 2009. MATERIALS： Rat C6 glioma cell line （Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China） and PA-MSHA parenteral injection （Beijing Wanteer Bio-Pharmaceutical, China） were used in the present study. METHODS： Rat C6 glioma cells in logarithmic growth phase were harvested in vitro. Adherent monolayer cells were respectively treated with PA-MSHA at final colony-forming units （cfu） of 1 ×10^8 cfu/mL, 2 × 10^8 cfu/mL, 4 × 10^8 cfu/mL, 6 × 10^8 cfu/mL, and 8 ×10^8 cfu/mL following 24 hours of conventional culture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： MTT colorimetric assay was utilized to determine the inhibitory rate of C6 glioma cells following treatment with various concentrations of PA-MSHA at different times. Cell apoptosis was detected by fluorescent microscopy following Hoechst 33258 staining. Flow cytometry was used to measure PA-MSHA effects on C6 cell cycle. RESULTS： Inhibitory rate of C6 glioma cells increased with prolonged time and increased dose. Hoechst 33258 staining revealed obvious morphological changes in apoptotic C6 glioma cells. Flow cytometry revealed hypodiploid peaks, Le., apoptotic peak, and the apoptotic rate in cells during S-phase significantly increased with increased concentrations in the experimental groups. CONCLUSION： With in vitro experiments, PA-MSHA preparations inhibited C6 glioma cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These mechanisms are likely associated with cell apoptosis induction and inhibition of the S phase.

IN VIVO GROWTH OF CEREBRAL C6 GLIOMA CELLS TRANSFECTED AND TREATED WITH CX43 GENE

Objective: To study the role of connexin gene (Cx 43) on the development of glioma and the feasibility of using Cx43cDNA as a target of gene therapy of gliomas. Methods: Parental rat C6 cells and C6 cells transfected with Cx43cDNA were implanted into right caudate nucleus of SD rats as control and transfected group. Rats bearing cerebral C6 gliomas were treated with Cx43cDNA and empty vector as treated group and empty vector group. The general manifestation, survival time, MRI dynamic scanning and histopathological changes of all rats were observed. In situ hybridization and immunohisto- chemistry were used for examination of Cx43mRNA and its protein in gliomas. Average number of AgNOR staining was used for detection of cell proliferation activity, and TUNEL method for determination of cell apoptosis. Results: All rats in control and empty vector group died of cerebral gliomas within 3 weeks after implantation of C6 cells. Six out of nine rats in the transfected group and eight out of ten rats in treated group kept alive beyond 120 days with totally disappearing of the tumor foci, except one treated rat having a little residue of tumor. In gliomas of transfected and treated groups Cx43 gene expression was upregulated, proliferation activity was lowered, However, the apoptotic cells did not increase. Conclusion: The present study indicates that Cx43 gene is of crucial importance in the development of malignant glioma. It can be an effective target for gene therapy of gliomas.

Preparation, Release-control and Cell Apoptosis of C_6 Glioma Cells in PEG-PLGA-Rg3 Nanoparticles

With biodegradable material poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（lactide-co-glycolide） （PEG-PLGA） as substrate, the size distribution of Rg3-NPs was approved by the scanning electron microscopy. MTT assay was used to detect the effects of Rg3-NPs on the growth rate of C6 cells at various concentrations and flow cytometry（FCM） was applied to assay the cell cycle and cell apoptosis of C6 glioma cells. Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein level of PCNA. The results show that Rg3-NPs are slick and uniformity, the average diameter of the nanoparticles is about 75-90 nm, entrapment efficiency is （89.7±1.7）%. MTT assay shows the growth of C6 Glioma Cells can be significantly inhibited by Rg3-NPs in a dose-dependence manner. FCM and Western blot analysis show Rg3 can be released from the conjugated nanoparticles to function in the cell nuclei so as to lead to the changes in the growth cycle of the cells, which results in the arrest of G0-G1 cell cycle and induces the apoptosis of C6 cells. Therefore, Rg3-NPs may be used for the auxiliary therapy of brain glioma.

RNA interference affects tumorigenicity and expression of insulin-like growth factor-1,insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor,and basic fibroblast growth factor-2 in rat C6 glioma cells

BACKGROUND： Human gliomas are more likely to express basic fibroblast growth factor-2 （FGF-2） insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1）, and IGF-1 receptor （IGF-1R） than normal brain tissue. These factors activate signal transduction systems of Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akl, which promote glioma growth. OBJECTIVE： To utilize RNA interference （RNAi） technique to down-regulate FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R gene expression, and to investigate the effects of these genes on rat C6 glioma cells, as well as the feasibility of RNAi for treating glioma. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This neurooncological, randomized, controlled, in vivo and in vitro experiment, which used RNAi methodology, was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences between August 2005 and February 2008. MATERIALS： Rat C6 cell lines were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Cellular Biology Affiliated to Chinese Academy of Sciences. Small interfering RNA （siRNA） was synthesized by Shanghai GenePharma. Anti-IGF-1, anti-IGF-1R, anti-FGF-2, anti-mouse and anti-rabbit IgG G1-HRP antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Four to six week-old BALB/c nude mice were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences. METHODS： C6 glioma cells were transfected with siRNA, which was chemically synthesized in vitro to correspond to endogenous FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R genes. The inhibition ratio of targeting mRNA expression was detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. C6 glioma cell proliferation was observed using a growth curve C6 glioma cell apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. C6 glioma cell growth regression was observed by transwell migration assay. In addition, nude mouse subcutaneous tumor models were used in this study. For studying the anti-tumor effects of IGF-1 and IGF-1R siRNA, two blank control groups, with six mice each, were set up： A （2.5 μg siRNA was injected one week after C6 cells were inoculated, Le., when tumor volume reached 8 mm × 8 mm） and B （siRNA was injected at the same time with C6 cells were inoculated. To study the effects of FGF-2 siRNA, the groups consisted of a blank control group, negative control group, 2.6 μg siRNA group, 4 μg siRNA group, and 5.3 μg siRNA group, with six mice each. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： mRNA and protein inhibition ratio of FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1 R; C6 glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cycle growth arrest; C6 glioma cell growth regression and subcutaneous tumorigenicity rates. RESULTS： All siRNA constructs proved to be effective. After 48 hours, transfection of 200 nmol/L siRNA resulted in a FGF-2 or IGF-1R gene inhibition ratio 〉 80% and an IGF-1 gene inhibition ratio of approximately 70%. Protein expression levels for FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R decreased in a dose-dependent manner following siRNA transfection, with an inhibition rate 〉 85%, 60%, and 50%, respectively. C6 glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis rates increased in proportion to siRNA. The apoptosis rate of C6 glioma cells induced by FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R siRNA was 39.96%, 15.07% and 22.47%, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Transfection of 200 nmol/L IGF or IGF-1R siRNA for 48 hours suppressed C6 glioma cell migration. At 30 days after intratumoral injection of 2.6, 4, and 5.3 tJg FGF-2 siRNA, tumor growth regression rate of FGF-2 siRNA was 56%, 67%, and 86%, respectively. The tumor growth regression rate was 71.88% and 45.71%, respectively, when IGF-1 or IGF-1R siRNA was intratumorally injected 1 week after C6 glioma cell transplantation. When IGF-1 or IGF-1 R siRNA was intratumorally injected during C6 glioma cell transplantation, the tumor growth regression rate was 78.13% and 74.29%, respectively. CONCLUSION： siRNA transfection downregulated gene expression of FGF-2, IGF-1, and IGF-1R In addition, siRNA treatment markedly suppressed glioma cell proliferation, growth, and migration, and concomitantly reduced subcutaneous tumorigenicity.

CATIONIC AMPHIPHILE-MEDIATED TRANSFER OF THEENZYME/PRODRUG GENE INTO C_6 GLIOMA CELLS-AN EFFECTIVE IN VITRO CHEMOSENSITIVITY SYSTEM

Objectivs Enzyme/prodrug gene therapy provides a potential strategy for the treatment of glioma.Because of the limitations of using viral vectors for clinical application, we investigated the feasibility of cationicamphiphile-mediated enzyme/prodrug gene transfer into C6 glioma cells. Methods Rat C6 glioma cells weretransfected with pUT599plasmid encoding the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene via DOTAPand tested for chemosensitivity of prodrug ganciclovir (GCV). To demonstrate in vitro bystander effect, HSV-tkpositive cells were co-cultured with HSV-tk negative cells at varying proportions. Results DOTAP mediatedHSV-tk gene transfer into C6 cells showed 30%-40% of transfection efficiency. HSV-tk infected C6 glioma cellswere rendered sensitive to concentrations of GCV that were 3-4 logs lower than uninfected cells, with an IC05 of0.087μmol/L. In terms of the bystander effect, the viability of co-cultured cells decreased with increasingpopulations of HSV-tk positive cells after GCV treatment. Conclusion C6 cells were successfully transfected withthe HSV-tk gene via cationic amphiphile and displayed a strong bystander effect after GCV treatment. Cationicamphiphile - mediated HSV- tk/GCV chemosensitivity System may have promise as an intratumoral treatment forglioma.

金丝桃素对C_6胶质瘤细胞周期变化的研究

目的 探讨光活化的金丝桃素对Wistar大鼠胶质瘤株C6的分化诱导作用。方法 应用流式细胞术 (FCM)、MTT法和 3H -TdR掺入法观察光活化的金丝桃素对C6胶质瘤细胞株的细胞周期动力学变化的影响。结果 光活化的金丝桃素对C6胶质瘤细胞株的细胞呈剂量依赖性抑制 ,细胞周期的G0 /G1期升高 ,S期、G2 2 /M期相对下降 ,表明光活化的金丝桃素可抑制C6胶质瘤细胞株增殖 ,细胞的增殖周期阻滞在G1期。结论 提示光活化的金丝桃素通过诱导C6胶质瘤细胞凋亡而治疗脑胶质瘤具有可期待前景。

苯乙酸对胶质瘤细胞C_6DNA合成的抑制作用

目的：观察诱导分化剂苯乙酸对胶质瘤细胞Ｃ６的诱导分化作用，并在分子水平上探讨其作用机理。方法：细胞计数和〔３Ｈ〕－ＴｄＲ掺入法检测细胞增殖，流式细胞术分析细胞周期。结果：苯乙酸对细胞增殖存在剂量（２５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）依赖性抑制；免疫细胞化学检测ＣＰＭ值降低，肿瘤细胞ＤＮＡ合成减少；细胞周期分析Ｇ０／Ｇ１期所占比例下降，Ｓ期相对升高。结论：苯乙酸可阻抑细胞增殖周期，使细胞周期增殖循环中止于Ｓ期中ＤＮＡ合成准备期Ｓ０期，ＤＮＡ合成减少，抑制细胞增殖。

体外柴胡皂苷元d对C_6大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞前列腺素E_2生成的影响

目的 观察柴胡皂苷元d(saikogenind ,SGD)对C6大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞体外前列腺素E2 (PGE2 )生成的影响。方法 用放射性免疫法测定细胞产生的PGE2 ,液体闪烁测量法测定14 C花生四烯酸 (AA)标记细胞释放14 C AA。结果 SGD在 1～ 2 0 μmol·L-1范围内 ,抑制由钙离子载体A2 3187诱发C6大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞前列腺素E2 (prostaglandinE2 ,PGE2 )释放 ,其IC50 为 3μmol·L-1,但对花生四烯酸 (arachi donicacid ,AA)释放无影响。SGD不影响细胞微粒体组分将AA转化为PGE2 。结论 SGD抑制由钙离子载体A2 3187诱发体外C6大鼠神经胶质瘤细胞PGE2 产生 ,但不抑制AA释放和直接抑制环氧脂酶 (cyclooxygenase ,COX)活性。

C_6胶质细胞及其肿瘤模型细胞DNA含量和细胞周期

目的用流式细胞仪对Ｃ６胶质细胞株及其动物模型肿瘤细胞的ＤＮＡ含量及细胞周期进行分析。方法将对数生长期Ｃ６细胞悬液及７例Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠肿瘤模型单细胞悬液用碘化丙啶染色后，用流式细胞仪（ＦＣＭ）进行ＤＮＡ含量和细胞周期测定，所得结果进行统计学分析。结果（１）Ｃ６细胞ＤＮＡ含量呈超二倍体，Ｃ６肿瘤模型细胞７份中２份为二倍体，３份为超二倍体，２份为异倍体，统计学检查验二者有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０００１）。（２）细胞周期各时相细胞百分比示Ｃ６细胞增殖指数（ＰＩ）值为４６０％，Ｃ６肿瘤模型细胞ＰＩ值为４０７％，二者经统计学处理无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论流式细胞仪分析脑胶质瘤细胞对判定脑胶质瘤恶性程度和预后提供了客观线索和依据。

化疗作用对C_6胶质瘤细胞药物敏感性的实验研究

通过几种化疗药物对C6胶质瘤细胞的药敏实验 ,观察化疗药物加增敏剂 (NMD)后 ,单独化疗和联合化疗药物的敏感性 ,为临床提供有效的治疗依据 .利用体外细胞培养 ,采用MTT和3H -TDR方法 ,分别测定几种化疗药物单独使用和联合使用对肿瘤的抑制率 .BCNU ,Vm - 2 6两种化疗药物联合使用加增敏剂 ,使药物浓度降低了 10 0倍 ,其对细胞的抑制率可达 97 0 4% .高于BCNU +NMD的抑制效果 ,也明显高于Vm - 2 6+NMD的抑瘤效果 .联合用药优于单独用药 ,具有低浓度、低毒、高效的作用 ,同时也增加了药物对瘤组织的抑制作用 .说明联合用药 。

PDGF-B链基因三链形成寡核苷酸对C_6胶质瘤细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的 观察PDGF B链基因三链形成寡核苷酸 (triplex formingoligonucleotide ,TFO)对C6胶质瘤细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。方法 应用免疫荧光流式细胞技术观察PDGF B链基因TFO对C6胶质瘤细胞PDGF B、PCNA表达的影响。应用流式细胞技术观察PDGF B链基因TFO对C6胶质瘤细胞细胞周期的影响。结果 PDGF B链基因TFO对C6胶质瘤细胞PDGF B链基因、PCNA的表达有明显抑制作用 ,而且抑制作用存在浓度依赖性。PDGF B链基因TFO能使C6胶质瘤细胞S期的百分率明显降低 ,阻止细胞由静止期 (G0 G1期 )进入 (S期 )。结论 PDGF B链基因TFO能够抑制C6胶质瘤细胞PDGF B链基因的表达 ,阻碍细胞进入S期 。

DL型丁胱亚磺酰亚胺对大鼠C_6神经胶质瘤细胞放射增敏效应研究

目的 研究有氧及乏氧状态下DL型丁胱亚磺酰亚胺(DL BSO)对大鼠C6神经胶质瘤细胞的放射增敏效应。方法 以60 Coγ射线为放射源 ,分有氧和乏氧状态下单纯照射组、加药照射组。采用细胞克隆形成方法观察DL BSO对神经胶质瘤细胞的放射增敏效应。结果 有氧状态下 ,DL BSO的放射增敏作用和药物作用时间有关。 0 1mmol·L-1DL BSO用药 2、6、12h ,未能观察到放射增敏作用 ,放射增敏作用仅在用药后 2 4、4 8h出现。乏氧状态下 ,0 1mmol·L-1DL BSO用药后 ,各时间点 (2～ 4 8h)均可见放射增敏效应。有氧、乏氧状态下不同浓度DL BSO的放射增敏作用和药物浓度有关。结论 DL BSO对有氧及乏氧状态下的大鼠C6神经胶质瘤细胞均有放射增敏作用。离体状态下 ,DL BSO主要表现出乏氧增敏作用 ,并呈现一定的时间、浓度依赖关系。