The Influence of Co-Suppressing Tomato 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid OxidaseⅠon the Expression of Fruit Ripening-Related and Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of co-suppressing tomato ACC oxidase Ⅰ on the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes, and on the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene and storage ability of fruits. Specific fragments of several fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes from tomato （Lycopersicon esculentum） were cloned, such as the l-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 gene （LeAC01）, 1- aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid oxidase 3 gene （LeAC03）, EIN3-binding F-box 1 gene （LeEBF1）, pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene （LePR1）, pathogenesis-related protein 5 gene （LePR5）, and pathogenesis-related protein osmotin precursor gene （LeNP24） by PCR or RT-PCR. Then these specific DNA fragments were used as probes to hybridize with the total RNAs extracted from the wild type tomato Ailsa Craig （AC＋＋） and the LeAC01 co-suppression tomatoes （V1187 and T4B）, respectively. At the same time, ethylene production measurement and storage experiment of tomato fruits were carded out. The hybridization results indicated that the expression of fruit ripening-related genes such as LeACO3 and LeEBF1, and pathogenesis-related protein genes such as LePR1, LePR5, and LeNP24, were reduced sharply, and the ethylene production in the fruits, wounded leaves decreased and the storage time of ripening fruits was prolonged, when the expression of LeACO1 gene in the transgenic tomato was suppressed. In the co-suppression tomatoes, the expression of fruit ripening-related and pathogenesis-related protein genes were restrained at different degrees, the biosynthesis of endogenous ethylene decreased and the storage ability of tomato fruits increased.

Nectin-like Molecule 1 Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of U251 Glioma Cells by Regulating the Expression of An Extracellular Matrix Protein Osteopontin

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of nectin-like molecule 1(NECL1) inhibiting the migration and invasion of U251 glioma cells.Methods We infected U251 glioma cells with adeno-nectin-like molecule 1(Ad-NECL1) or empty adenovirus(Ad).Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to observe the migration of U251 cells incubated with the cell supernatant from Ad-NECL1 or Ad infected U251 cells.DNA microarray was applied to screen the gene expression profile after the restoration of NECL1 in U251 glioma cell lines.The differential expression of osteopontin(OPN),a gene related to migration and invasion,was further analyzed with semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry.Results The restoration of NECL1 inhibited migration of U251 cells significantly(P<0.05).Altogether 195 genes were found differentially expressed by microarray,in which 175 were up-regulated and 20 down-regulated,including 9 extracellular matrix proteins involved in the migration of cells.Both mRNA and protein expressions of OPN,the most markedly reduced extracellular matrix protein,were found decreased in U251 cells after restoration of NECL1.Immunohistochemical assay also detected an increase of OPN in glioma tissues,related with the progressing of malignant grade.Conclusion A link might exist between NECL1 and the extracellular matrix protein OPN in inhibiting the migration and invasion of U251 glioma cells.

Changes and significance of serum ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in patients with glioma

BACKGROUND Brain gliomas are malignant tumors with high postoperative recurrence rates.Early prediction of prognosis using specific indicators is of great significance.AIM To assess changes in ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1(UCH-L1)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)levels in patients with glioma pre-and postoperatively.METHODS Between June 2018 and June 2021,91 patients with gliomas who underwent surgery at our hospital were enrolled in the glioma group.Sixty healthy volunteers were included in the control group.Serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels were measured in peripheral blood collected from patients with glioma before and 3 d after surgery.UCH-L1 and GFAP levels in patients with glioma with different clinicopathological characteristics were compared before and after surgery.The patients were followed-up until February 2022.Postoperative glioma recurrence was recorded to determine the serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels,which could assist in predicting postoperative glioma recurrence.RESULTS UCH-L1 and GFAP levels in patients with glioma decreased significantly 3 d after surgery compared to those before therapy(P<0.05).However,UCH-L1 and GFAP levels in the glioma group were significantly higher than those in the control group before and after surgery(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in preoperative serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels among patients with glioma according to sex,age,pathological type,tumor location,or number of lesions(P>0.05).Serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels were significantly lower in the patients with WHO grade I-II tumors than in those with gradeⅢ-IV tumors(P<0.05).Serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels were lower in the patients with tumor diameter≤5 cm than in those with diameter>5 cm,in which the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Glioma recurred in 22 patients.The preoperative and 3-d postoperative serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels were significantly higher in the recurrence group than these in the non-recurrence group(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted.The areas under the curves of preoperative serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels for predicting postoperative glioma recurrence were 0.785 and 0.775,respectively.However,the efficacy of serum UCH-L1 and GFAP levels 3 d after surgery in predicting postoperative glioma recurrence was slightly lower compared with their preoperative levels.CONCLUSION UCH-L1 and GFAP efficiently reflected the development and recurrence of gliomas and could be used as potential indicators for the recurrence and prognosis of glioma.

泛癌分析揭示SREK1在低级别胶质瘤中促进CD274表达

目的剪接调节谷氨酸和富赖氨酸的蛋白质1(SREK1)在多种肿瘤中的泛癌分析,揭示SREK1在泛癌中的作用。方法利用在线数据库GEPIA 2、TIMER 2.0、TISIDB和cBioPortal分析SREK1表达对肿瘤患者预后的影响、在低级别胶质瘤(LGG)肿瘤组织中的表达、遗传变异的特征及其表达对肿瘤组织中免疫细胞的浸润和免疫—肿瘤靶基因的相关性分析。结果LGG肿瘤组织中,SREK1表达与记忆B细胞、活化的CD4+T细胞、Th2细胞、中性粒细胞、NKT细胞以及单核细胞和CD56dimNK细胞的浸润存在相关性(P均<0.05)。SREK1与免疫—肿瘤靶基因如信号传导及转录激活蛋白3(STAT3)、Ⅰ型干扰素受体1(IFNAR1)、核受体亚家族3C组成员1(NR3C1)和表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、表面抗原分化簇274(CD274)等表达在LGG中均呈正相关(P均<0.05)。结论SREK1是LGG患者的危险因子之一,可能通过促进CD274的表达来加剧LGG的进展。

miR-26b-3p靶向CREB1调控神经胶质瘤细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭

目的探讨miR-26b-3p靶向调控环磷酸腺苷效应元件结合蛋白1(CREB1)表达水平影响胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力的分子机制。方法运用RT-qPCR和Western blotting检测不同级别胶质瘤中miR-26b-3p和CREB1的表达情况;生物信息学方法分析miR-26b-3p与CREB1结合的靶向序列。采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测miR-26b-3p对CREB1的靶向调控机制;将胶质瘤U251细胞分为对照组、miR-26b-3p mimic组及miR-26b-3p inhibitor组,采用Western blotting检测CREB1的表达变化,采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力的影响,采用划痕实验检测各组细胞迁移能力的影响,采用Transwell检测各组细胞侵袭能力的影响,采用流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡的影响。结果miR-26b-3p的表达随着胶质瘤级别的增加而降低(P<0.05),而CREB1的表达则逐渐增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);双荧光素酶报告基因结果显示miR-26b-3p可显著影响CREB13′UTR表达载体的荧光素酶活性,CREB1是miR-26b-3p下游靶基因。抑制miR-26b-3p表达可上调CERB1的表达,进而抑制细胞凋亡,促进胶质瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭。过表达miR-26b-3p可下调CERB1的表达,促进细胞凋亡,抑制胶质瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭(P<0.05)。结论miR-26b-3p可靶向调控CREB1的表达调节胶质瘤细胞的凋亡、增殖、迁移和侵袭,进而参与胶质瘤的发生发展。

磁共振SWI序列联合血清Id1、IGFBP-3对脑胶质瘤术前分级的评估价值

目的分析磁共振磁敏感加权成像(SWI)序列联合血清分化抑制因子1(Id1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)对脑胶质瘤术前分级的评估价值。方法选取2019年12月至2022年6月我院收治的脑胶质瘤患者98例作为此次研究对象,根据恶化情况分为低级别组(世界卫生组织Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级)46例,高级别组(世界卫生组织Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级)52例;入选患者均进行磁共振SWI序列检查;采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清Id1、IGFBP-3水平;采用Pearson法分析血清Id1、IGFBP-3水平的相关性;受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析Id1、IGFBP-3水平对脑胶质瘤术前分级的临界诊断点;采用四格表分析磁共振SWI序列联合血清Id1、IGFBP-3对脑胶质瘤术前高低级别的诊断价值。结果高级别组ITSS分级显著高于低级别组(P>0.05)。高级别组Id1、IGFBP-3水平均显著高于低级别组(P>0.05)。根据pearson相关性分析得知,脑胶质瘤患者血清Id1、IGFBP-3水平呈正相关(r=0.486,P<0.05)。根据ROC曲线得知,Id1、IGFBP-3诊断脑胶质瘤术前分级的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.837、0.861,二者联合诊断脑胶质瘤术前分级的AUC为0.908。磁共振SWI序列在脑胶质瘤术前分级诊断中准确度为83.67%,灵敏度为84.62%,特异度为82.61%;Id1在脑胶质瘤术前分级诊断中准确度为79.59%,灵敏度为80.77%,特异度为78.26%;IGFBP-3在脑胶质瘤术前分级诊断中准确度为81.63%,灵敏度为82.69%,特异度为80.43%;三者联合检测在脑胶质瘤术前分级诊断中准确度为91.84%,灵敏度为92.31%,特异度为91.30%。结论Id1、IGFBP-3在脑胶质瘤患者血清中显著升高,磁共振SWI序列联合血清Id1、IGFBP-3可以提高对脑胶质瘤术前分级的评估价值。

血管细胞黏附分子1、P14Arf蛋白表达与脑胶质瘤患者肿瘤恶性程度及术后复发的关系

目的 探究血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)、P14Arf蛋白表达与脑胶质瘤患者肿瘤恶性程度及术后复发的关系。方法 收取102例经病理检查证实的脑胶质瘤组织标本(脑胶质瘤组)以及30例因颅脑损伤行内减压术患者的正常脑组织(对照组),通过免疫组织化学法检测血管VCAM-1和P14Arf蛋白的表达情况,比较各级别之间的表达差异。根据术后6个月复发情况分为复发组和未复发组,比较两组脑胶质瘤组织血管VCAM-1和P14Arf蛋白表达,分析各蛋白表达与临床病理的关系。结果 脑胶质瘤组中胶质瘤家族史、汽柴油接触史、射线或电磁场接触史、金属铅接触史、农药接触史、VCAM-1和P14Arf蛋白阳性率与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别、年龄、吸烟及饮酒差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随着脑胶质瘤恶性程度的升高,VCAM-1高表达率逐渐上升,P14Arf蛋白高表达率逐渐下降,Ⅲ、Ⅳ级别脑胶质瘤患者VCAM-1和P14Arf蛋白高表达水平与Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级患者间VCAM-1和P14Arf蛋白高表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同组织分化程度、Karnofsky评分患者VCAM-1和P14Arf蛋白表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);复发组VCAM-1高表达率及P14Arf蛋白低表达率高于未复发组(P<0.05)。结论 VCAM-1和P14Arf蛋白表达水平与脑胶质瘤病情进展及预后相关,可作为临床诊治的参考指标。

国内抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤灭活蛋白1抗体脑炎的临床特征分析

目的探讨国内抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤灭活蛋白1(LGI1)抗体脑炎的临床特征、治疗及预后。方法在回顾我院1例确诊为抗LGI1抗体脑炎患者病历资料的基础上,对中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网及万方数据库检索获得的2013—2023年国内核心期刊公开报道确诊的452例抗LGI1抗体脑炎患者的临床资料进行汇总分析。结果抗LGI1抗体脑炎患者的首发症状发生率最高的是癫痫发作,依次为记忆力减退、精神行为异常及其他症状;主要症状中的癫痫发作以面臂肌张力障碍发作(FBDS)、部分性发作及强直阵挛发作为表现。部分患者合并低钠血症。MRI主要显示颞叶内侧、海马、基底神经节和岛叶异常信号。大多数患者的血清和/或脑脊液LGI1抗体检测呈阳性。多数患者免疫球蛋白和/或类固醇治疗有效,少部分需要长期口服免疫抑制剂,一般预后良好。结论抗LGI1抗体脑炎最常见症状是癫痫发作、记忆力减退以及精神行为异常。血清抗LGI1抗体阳性率高于脑脊液。脑MRI多为颞叶异常信号。尽管部分患者可能在短期内复发,但经免疫治疗一般预后良好。

Knockdown of HMGB1 improves apoptosis and suppresses proliferation and invasion of glioma cells

Background： Effective methods for managing patients with solitary pulmonary nodules（SPNs） depend critically on the predictive probability of malignancy.Methods： Between July 2009 and June 2011, data on gender, age, cancer history, tumor familial history, smoking status, tumor location, nodule size, spiculation, calcification, the tumor border, and the final pathological diagnosis were collected retrospectively from 154 surgical patients with an SPN measuring 3-30 mm. Each final diagnosis was compared with the probability calculated by three predicted models—the Mayo, VA, and Peking University（PU） models. The accuracy of each model was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristics（ROC） and calibration curves.Results： The area under the ROC curve of the PU model [0.800; 95% confidence interval（CI）： 0.708-0.891] was higher than that of the Mayo model（0.753; 95% CI： 0.650-0.857） or VA model（0.728; 95% CI： 0.623-0.833）; however, this finding was not statistically significant. To varying degrees, calibration curves showed that all three models overestimated malignancy.Conclusions： The three predicted models have similar accuracy for prediction of SPN malignancy, although the accuracy is not sufficient. For Chinese patients, the PU model may has greater predictive power.Background： Here, we introduced our short experience on the application of a new CUSA Excel ultrasonic aspiration system, which was provided by Integra Lifesciences corporation, in skull base meningiomas resection.Methods： Ten patients with anterior, middle skull base and sphenoid ridge meningioma were operated using the CUSA Excel ultrasonic aspiration system at the Neurosurgery Department of Shanghai Huashan Hospital from August 2014 to October 2014. There were six male and four female patients, aged from 38 to 61 years old（the mean age was 48.5 years old）. Five cases with tumor located at anterior skull base, three cases with tumor on middle skull base, and two cases with tumor on sphenoid ridge.Results： All the patents received total resection of meningiomas with the help of this new tool, and the critical brain vessels and nerves were preserved during operations. All the patients recovered well after operation.Conclusions： This new CUSA Excel ultrasonic aspiration system has the advantage of preserving vital brain arteries and cranial nerves during skull base meningioma resection, which is very important for skull base tumor operations. This key step would ensure a well prognosis for patients. We hope the neurosurgeons would benefit from this kind of technique.Background： The purposes of this study were to explore the effects of high mobility group protein box 1（HMGB1） gene on the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis of glioma cells, with an attempt to provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioma. Methods： The expressions of HMGB1 in glioma cells（U251, U-87 MG and LN-18） and one control cell line（SVG p12） were detected by real time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Then, the effects of HMGB1 on the biological behaviors of glioma cells were detected： the expression of HMGB1 in human glioma cell lines U251 and U-87 MG were suppressed using RNAi technique, then the influences of HMGB1 on the viability, cycle, apoptosis, and invasion abilities of U251 and U-87 MG cells were analyzed using in a Transwell invasion chamber. Also, the effects of HMGB1 on the expressions of cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, and MMP 9 were detected. Results： As shown by real-time PCR and Western blotting, the expression of HMGB1 significantly increased in glioma cells（U251, U-87 MG, and LN-18） in comparison with the control cell line（SVG p12）; the vitality, proliferation and invasive capabilities of U251 and U-87 MG cells in the HMGB1 siR NA-transfected group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group and negative control（NC） siR NA group（P〈0.05） but showed no significant difference between the blank control group and NC siR NA group. The percentage of apoptotic U251 and U-87 MG cells was significantly higher in the HMGB1 siR NA-transfected group than in the blank control group and NC siR NA group（P〈0.05） but was similar between the latter two groups. The HMGB1 siR NA-transfected group had significantly lower expression levels of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 protein in U251 and U-87 MG cells and significantly higher expression of Bax protein than in the blank control group and NC siR NA group（P〈0.05）; the expression profiles of cyclin D1, Bax, Bcl-2, and MMP 9 showed no significant change in both blank control group and NC siR NA group. Conclusions： HMGB1 gene may promote the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and suppress its effects of apoptosis. Inhibition of the expression of HMGB1 gene can suppress the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and promote their apoptosis. Our observations provided a new target for intervention and treatment of glioma.

组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1对恶性胶质瘤细胞发生发展的作用及临床应用价值研究

目的探索乳腺癌/卵巢癌易感基因1相关蛋白1(breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility gene 1 associated protein 1,BAP1)对人源恶性胶质瘤发生、发展的作用与BAP1作为恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物的可行性。方法基于基因表达综合数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)的子数据集GSE4290,GSE90598,分析BAP1在正常组织及胶质瘤组织中的差异性表达情况;受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析BAP1对恶性胶质瘤的早期诊断价值;选取自主收集的非配对28例恶性胶质瘤患者的原发灶组织、5例颅脑外伤患者内减压术切除的非瘤脑组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测BAP1的表达水平;利用靶向BAP1的特异性小干扰RNAs(small interfering RNAs,siRNAs)瞬时转染U251细胞系,进一步检测其干涉效率;基于流式细胞仪分析BAP1下调的U251细胞系,其细胞周期、凋亡的变化情况。结果生物信息学结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤组织中的表达水平均低于正常脑组织(GSE4290:1209±18.49 vs 1476±53.90;GSE90598:5.19±0.10 vs 5.65±0.21),差异具有统计学意义(t=5.115,2.267,均P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,BAP1可高效区分恶性胶质瘤组织与正常脑组织(GSE4290:AUC=0.78;GSE90598:AUC=0.75,均P<0.05)。临床标本结果显示,BAP1在恶性胶质瘤原发灶组织中的表达水平显著低于非瘤脑组织(0.27±0.04 vs 1.06±0.07),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.22,P<0.001)。在U251细胞系中下调BAP1的表达,其细胞周期中S期细胞比例明显增多,由17.59%分别增至27.21%(siBAP1-1)和25.79%(siBAP1-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=6.576,6.642,均P<0.01),而细胞凋亡水平则有所下降,由10.17%分别降至2.70%(siBAP-1)和3.00%(siBAP-2),差异具有统计学意义(t=10.31,9.428,均P<0.01)。结论组蛋白H2A去泛素化酶BAP1能够通过抑制恶性胶质瘤细胞周期快速进展并促进其凋亡,进而发挥肿瘤抑癌基因的功能,可作为潜在的恶性胶质瘤临床诊断标志物。

脑胶质瘤组织中YTHDF2,UBXN1的表达及其对预后的评估价值

目的研究脑胶质瘤组织中YTH结构域N6-甲基腺嘌呤RNA结合蛋白2(YTH domain N6-methyladenine RNA binding protein 2,YTHDF2),UBX结构域蛋白1(UBX domain protein 1,UBXN1)的表达及预后评估价值。方法选取2017年2月~2018年2月青岛市胶州中心医院诊治的92例脑胶质瘤患者。免疫组织化学检测组织YTHDF2,UBXN1表达。相关性采用Spearman秩相关分析。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析YTHDF2,UBXN1表达与脑胶质瘤患者预后的影响。COX分析脑胶质瘤患者预后影响因素。结果相比于癌旁组织,脑胶质瘤中YTHDF2(65.22%vs 15.22%)阳性率较高,UBXN1(26.09%vs 73.91%)的阳性率较低,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=47.831,42.087,均P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析,脑胶质瘤中YTHDF2与UBXN1表达呈负相关(r=-0.712,P<0.05)。相比于肿瘤直径<3cm,WHO分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,肿瘤直径≥3cm和WHO分级Ⅲ级脑胶质瘤组织中YTHDF2(75.47%vs 51.28%,65.22%vs 50.00%)阳性率较高,而UBXN1(15.09%vs 41.03%,11.11%vs 47.37%)阳性率较低,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.795,6.609;7.835,15.207,均P<0.05)。YTHDF2阳性组五年总生存率低于阴性组[28.33%(17/60)vs 62.50%(20/32)],UBXN1阳性组五年总生存率高于阴性组[66.67%(16/24)vs 30.88%(21/68)],差异具有统计学意义(Log-Rankχ^(2)=12.870,7.665,均P<0.05)。YTHDF2阳性(HR=2.427,95%CI:1.426~4.569)、UBXN1阴性(HR=1.740,95%CI:1.121~2.568)、WHO分级Ⅲ级(HR=2.671,95%CI:1.160~6.012)及肿瘤直径≥3cm(HR=1.628,95%CI:1.017~2.592)是胶质瘤患者不良预后的危险因素。结论脑胶质瘤组织中YTHDF2升高,UBXN1降低,两者与WHO分级及肿瘤直径有关。YTHDF2和UBXN1是评估脑胶质瘤患者预后的独立因素。

抗LGI1抗体相关脑炎1例

男性,62岁,出现四肢抽搐、意识模糊症状2月,有记忆力减退、视听幻觉,现症状进一步加重。查体:神志清楚,记忆力、计算力、定向力下降(MMSE:17分)。颅脑MRI:双侧海马见斑片状T1WI低信号(图1A),T2WI稍高信号(图1B),FLAIR稍高信号(图1C),增强未见明显异常强化(图1D);考虑脑代谢性疾病可能性大。实验室检查:抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1(LGI1)抗体IgG阳性。临床诊断:抗LGI1抗体相关脑炎。给予大剂量激素冲击、免疫球蛋白及抗癫痫治疗,患者临床症状明显好转。

Alteration of the Cyclin D1／p16-pRB Pathway, Cellular Proliferation and Apoptosis in Glioma

Objective:To study the alteration of cyclin D1,p16 and pRB in glioma,analyze proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells,and discuss the pathogenesis of glioma. Methods:Thirty-seven glioma specimens were classified as astrocytoma(25 cases,including 7 fibrillary cases;6 protoplasmic cases;12 anaplastic cases),and glioblastoma(12 cases,including 4 GBM cases).Ten normal brain tissues were taken as controls.The expression of cyclin D1,p16 and pRB were detected by immunohistochemical method.Cellular proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 label index(Ki-67 LI).Cellular apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and apoptotic indices(AI)was calculated. Results:The alterations of three proteins were cyclin D1 overexpression(28/37,75.7%),p16 and pRB deletion(20/37,54.1 % and 12/37,32.4%),which were closely related to tumor types,particularly in malignant glioma.Ki-67 LI and AI were higher when pRB pathway was abnormal.Apoptosis was minor in astrocytic tumors(astrocytomas,0.010±0.002;glioblastomas,0.057±0.016). Conclusion:The abnormalities of cyclin D1/p16-pRB pathway correlated closely with pathogenesis of glioma.

NEDD4-1 shRNA对U251胶质瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨NEDD4-1 shRNA对U251胶质瘤细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法构建NEDD4-1 shRNA表达载体。以不同比例质粒和脂质体转染U251细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察细胞存活情况,优化转染效率。转染48 h后采用Western blot、RT-PCR分别检测NEDD4-1蛋白及mRNA的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,MTT法检测细胞增殖,DAPI荧光染色检测细胞凋亡。结果 NEDD4-1 shRNA表达载体构建成功。脂质体与质粒的最佳转染效率比例为2.5μl∶1μg,48 h转染效率在60%～70%。与对照组比较,转染NEDD4-1 shRNA后,U251胶质瘤细胞NEDD4-1的蛋白及mRNA表达水平均下降(均P<0.05),细胞大多停滞在G0-G1期(均P<0.05),增殖率明显降低(均P<0.05),凋亡率显著增加(均P<0.05)。结论 NEDD4-1作为PTEN泛素连接酶,为胶质瘤基因治疗提供靶点。

富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎7例临床分析

目的总结富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白(LGI1)抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎临床特点及免疫治疗反应,以提高对该病的认识。方法分析2012-03-2014-07在天坛医院神经内科就诊的7例LGI1抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎患者的临床、实验室检查资料,总结不同治疗方案患者的预后。结果 7例患者以精神行为异常、认知功能下降、颞叶癫痫为主要临床表现。均行脑脊液检查,其中4例常规、生化正常,3例表现为蛋白轻度升高。3例患者出现顽固性低钠血症。所有患者肿瘤标志物、影像学筛查均未发现肿瘤,副肿瘤抗体(抗-Hu、-Yo、-Ri、-Ma2)阴性。4例脑电图检查异常,表现为局灶性癫痫样放电或节律减慢。4例MRI检查Flair及T2序列可见颞叶内侧高信号病灶。7例患者经免疫调节治疗预后良好。结论 LGI1抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎以认知功能下降、癫痫发作为主要临床表现,常伴有低钠血症,极少伴有肿瘤;病灶累及颞叶内侧为主,T2或Flair序列为高信号;具有较好的免疫治疗效果,及时的诊断及治疗有助于患者的恢复。

血管细胞黏附分子-1蛋白在人脑胶质瘤组织内表达改变及其临床意义

目的观察不同级别人脑胶质瘤组织中VCAM-1的表达情况,探讨其与脑胶质瘤病理分级的关系及临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学及蛋白免疫印迹技术,检测6例正常脑组织和30例脑胶质瘤组织中VCAM-1蛋白表达情况,比较各级别之间的表达差异,分析VCAM-1蛋白表达水平与脑胶质瘤病理级别的相关性。结果正常脑组织及各级别胶质瘤组织内VCAM-1阳性细胞率分别为:正常5.8%,Ⅱ级26.5%,Ⅲ级69.5%和Ⅳ级79.3%。高级别脑胶质瘤组织内,阳性细胞集中分布于肿瘤微血管周围。脑胶质瘤组织阳性细胞率明显高于正常脑组织(P<0.05);Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级恶性胶质瘤阳性细胞率显著高于Ⅱ级低级别胶质瘤(P<0.05);正常脑组织中VCAM-1表达量较低,胶质瘤组织中表达量则明显增多(P<0.05);Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级恶性胶质瘤内VCAM-1蛋白表达明显高于Ⅱ级胶质瘤(P<0.05);而Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级脑胶质瘤间,VCAM-1蛋白表达则无显著性差异。结论 VCAM-1蛋白在人脑胶质瘤组织中明显高表达,且与脑肿瘤病理级别相关,提示VCAM-1蛋白在脑胶质瘤恶性进展中可能发挥着重要作用。

CPEB1与Bcl-xL蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与恶性程度和预后的关系

目的探讨胞质多聚腺苷酸化成分结合蛋白1(CPEB1)与Bcl-xL蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其与恶性程度和预后的关系。方法选取2008年5月—2014年12月收集的68例人脑胶质瘤组织和68例瘤旁正常组织,回顾性分析所有标本来源患者的临床及随访资料,观察2组CPEB1与Bcl-xL蛋白的表达情况,并分析影响预后的危险因素。结果脑胶质瘤组织CPEB1与Bcl-xL蛋白阳性表达率均高于瘤旁正常组织(P <0. 05)。CPEB1与Bcl-xL蛋白阳性表达患者3年总生存率均低于阴性表达者(P <0. 05)。肿瘤分级过高、分化程度过低、出现淋巴结转移、术前KPS评分过低、术后未进行放化疗及CPEB1和Bcl-xL蛋白阳性均为影响人脑胶质瘤患者预后的独立危险因素(P <0. 05)。结论 CPEB1与Bcl-xL蛋白在人脑胶质瘤患者其癌组织中均以高水平表达,且随着病情的加重其阳性表达率均上升,且过高表达均为影响人脑胶质瘤患者预后的独立危险因素,故临床可将其作为评估人脑胶质瘤患者病情及预后的有效指标。

抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1抗体和抗接触蛋白相关蛋白2抗体脑炎28例临床特征

目的:抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1(leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1,LGI1)抗体、抗接触蛋白相关蛋白2(contactin-associated protein-like 2,CASPR2)抗体引起的自身免疫性脑炎较为罕见,临床异质性大,极易漏诊、误诊。本研究旨在总结抗LGI1抗体及抗CASPR2抗体脑炎患者的临床特征。方法:收集2018年1月至2021年1月中南大学湘雅医院神经内科收治的抗LGI1抗体、抗CASPR2抗体脑炎患者共28例,所有患者进行自身免疫性脑炎相关抗体谱及副肿瘤抗原谱抗体筛查。回顾性分析28例患者的临床表现、辅助检查资料、治疗及随访情况,采用改良Rankin量表评估患者治疗前后的生活能力,并对这2种自身免疫性脑炎的临床特征进行比较和分析。结果:28例中抗LGI1抗体脑炎17例,发病年龄28~83(53.18±19.08)岁,男女患者之比为9꞉8。临床表现为认知功能障碍的患者有10例,癫痫发作7例,面臂肌张力障碍发作4例,精神行为异常1例。实验室检查发现低钠血症7例;脑脊液检查异常4例,表现为白细胞数或蛋白质含量轻度上升各2例;脑电图异常13例,主要表现为慢波增多(8/13)及痫性放电(5/13);颅脑磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)异常13例,主要表现为颞叶、海马及基底节区T2加权成像(T_(2)-weighted imaging,T_(2)WI)及水抑制反转恢复序列(fluid attenuated inversion recovery,FLAIR)呈高信号。抗CASPR2抗体脑炎患者11例,发病年龄17~68(47.18±16.20)岁,男女患者之比为5꞉6。7例为边缘性脑炎,1例为莫旺综合征,3例为获得性神经性肌强直;临床表现为癫痫发作者4例,精神行为异常、认知障碍和意识障碍各1例;脑脊液异常3例,主要表现为白细胞数及蛋白质含量轻度升高;脑电图异常5例,主要表现为慢波增多(3/5)及痫性放电(2/5);颅脑MRI异常2例,主要表现为颞叶、海马T_(2)WI及FLAIR高信号。16例抗LGI1抗体脑炎及8例抗CASPR2抗体脑炎患者使用糖皮质激素、免疫球蛋白及血浆置换等一线免疫治疗,均反应良好,其中1例抗LGI1抗体脑炎及3例抗CASPR2抗体脑炎患者同时口服吗替麦考酚酯维持治疗;采用免疫治疗的患者除2例失访外,随访期内(6~36个月)均未见明显复发。2种抗体脑炎在认知障碍、低钠血症、颅脑MRI异常上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论:抗LGI1抗体及抗CASPR2抗体脑炎均可表现为边缘性脑炎,抗LGI1抗体脑炎以认知障碍为主要表现,面臂肌张力障碍发作及低钠血症为特征性表现,易出现颅脑MRI异常;抗CASPR2抗体脑炎以癫痫发作为最常见临床表现,可累及周围神经系统而出现神经性肌强直、莫旺综合征且易合并肿瘤。2种抗体脑炎均对免疫治疗敏感,预后良好。

抗LGi1抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎叠加Hashimoto脑炎临床特点分析并文献复习(附1例报告)

目的总结抗LGi1抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎的临床与影像学特点,加深对于本病的认识。方法报告于2013年11月25日就诊于北京积水潭医院神经内科门诊后收住院确诊的1例抗LGi1抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎患者的整个临床发病及诊治转归过程,对于患者的临床资料、影像学、电生理资料进行分析总结。结果患者为中年女性,亚急性起病,主要临床表现包括极其频繁发作的面部肩部不适及面部抽动、频率稍低的发作性幻嗅、逐渐出现的记忆力下降、精神淡漠等认知及精神障碍;头部MRI在T2及Flair序列上见到了双侧颞叶内侧、海马区的高信号病灶,脑电图见到多导广泛的高幅慢波及棘慢或尖慢综合波等癫痫样放电;血及脑脊液LGi1抗体均阳性,同时血甲状腺抗过氧化物酶抗体及甲状腺抗球蛋白抗体均明显增高,提示叠加了Hashimoto脑炎,此外尚合并部分其他自身抗体的阳性;在接受了大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击并逐渐减量的治疗方案后,患者病情迅速缓解好转,随访1 y未再复发。结论抗LGi1抗体阳性边缘系统脑炎作为一种罕见的以损伤边缘系统为主的自身免疫性脑炎,在边缘系统脑炎基本表现的基础上,有其特殊的临床变现。同时还可以合并其他自身免疫相关脑炎及自身抗体阳性,尽早明确诊断并给予一线的免疫治疗可明显改善患者预后。

基于TCGA与GTEx数据库分析AEBP1基因在不同分型胶质瘤中的表达及对预后的影响

目的探讨AEBP1基因及其剪接异构体在不同分型胶质瘤中的表达,分析AEBP1基因对不同分型胶质瘤患者预后的影响。方法利用GEPIA2可视化网络分析工具,对TCGA数据库中胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)(经典型、间充质型、神经元型、原神经元型)与低级别胶质瘤(LGG)(星型细胞瘤、少突星型细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤)组织,与TCGA和GTEx数据库中人体正常组织样本采用单因素方差分析法比较AEBP1基因表达水平。绘制小提琴图分析AEBP1基因剪接异构体在胶质瘤中的分布趋势。绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线并采用Logrank检验分析GBM与LGG肿瘤组织中AEBP1基因表达水平对胶质瘤患者预后的影响。结果GBM总体及4种分型GBM的肿瘤组织中AEBP1的表达均高于正常对照组织(P<0.05)。LGG中星型细胞瘤与少突星型细胞瘤肿瘤组织中AEBP1的表达高于正常对照组织(P<0.05)。GBM与LGG中有9种AEBP1基因剪接异构体表达且GBM中表达水平均较高。GBM患者总体与原神经元型GBM患者的AEBP1低表达组整体生存期(OS)优于高表达组(P<0.05)。LGG患者总体与星型胶质细胞瘤患者AEBP1低表达组OS与无进展生存期均优于高表达组(P<0.05)。结论AEBP1在GBM与LGG的发病与发展中具有重要临床价值,可作为评估原神经元型GBM与星型胶质细胞瘤患者预后的标志物,并可能成为靶向治疗的候选基因。