Plant phenology is the study of the timing of recurrent biological events and the causes of their timing with regard to biotic and abiotic forces.Plant phenology affects the structure and function of terrestrial ecosy...Plant phenology is the study of the timing of recurrent biological events and the causes of their timing with regard to biotic and abiotic forces.Plant phenology affects the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems and determines vegetation feedback to the climate system by altering the carbon,water and energy fluxes between the vegetation and near-surface atmosphere.Therefore,an accurate simulation of plant phenology is essential to improve our understanding of the response of ecosystems to climate change and the carbon,water and energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems.Phenological studies have developed rapidly under global change conditions,while the research of phenology modeling is largely lagged.Inaccurate phenology modeling has become the primary limiting factor for the accurate simulation of terrestrial carbon and water cycles.Understanding the mechanism of phenological response to climate change and building process-based plant phenology models are thus important frontier issues.In this review,we first summarized the drivers of plant phenology and overviewed the development of plant phenology models.Finally,we addressed the challenges in the development of plant phenology models and highlighted that coupling machine learning and Bayesian calibration into process-based models could be a potential approach to improve the accuracy of phenology simulation and prediction under future global change conditions.展开更多
全球正向建模恢复法改正南极泄漏误差的效果取决于初始信号的准确性。球谐系数的截断和滤波导致南极周边海洋信号内泄漏至相邻的南极陆地,造成相应区域初始信号不准确。以美国德克萨斯大学的空间研究中心(Center for Space Research,CSR...全球正向建模恢复法改正南极泄漏误差的效果取决于初始信号的准确性。球谐系数的截断和滤波导致南极周边海洋信号内泄漏至相邻的南极陆地,造成相应区域初始信号不准确。以美国德克萨斯大学的空间研究中心(Center for Space Research,CSR)Mascon数据为模拟数据,讨论周边海洋信号对南极泄漏误差改正的影响。结果表明,海洋信号内泄漏对南极冰盖的质量变化及其空间分布影响显著,造成东南极Coats Land、Queen Maud Land、Enderby Land和Kemp Land等沿海地区反演结果不准确。引入“流域”函数分离海洋信号,利用全球正向建模恢复法改正南极泄漏误差,通过CSR RL05 GSM(glacial systems model)数据估算出南极冰盖的质量变化速率为-180.66 Gt/a,且质量变化空间分布与Mascon数据一致性较好。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31770516)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA06036001)+1 种基金the 111 Project(Grant No.B18006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2018EYT05)。
文摘Plant phenology is the study of the timing of recurrent biological events and the causes of their timing with regard to biotic and abiotic forces.Plant phenology affects the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems and determines vegetation feedback to the climate system by altering the carbon,water and energy fluxes between the vegetation and near-surface atmosphere.Therefore,an accurate simulation of plant phenology is essential to improve our understanding of the response of ecosystems to climate change and the carbon,water and energy balance of terrestrial ecosystems.Phenological studies have developed rapidly under global change conditions,while the research of phenology modeling is largely lagged.Inaccurate phenology modeling has become the primary limiting factor for the accurate simulation of terrestrial carbon and water cycles.Understanding the mechanism of phenological response to climate change and building process-based plant phenology models are thus important frontier issues.In this review,we first summarized the drivers of plant phenology and overviewed the development of plant phenology models.Finally,we addressed the challenges in the development of plant phenology models and highlighted that coupling machine learning and Bayesian calibration into process-based models could be a potential approach to improve the accuracy of phenology simulation and prediction under future global change conditions.
文摘全球正向建模恢复法改正南极泄漏误差的效果取决于初始信号的准确性。球谐系数的截断和滤波导致南极周边海洋信号内泄漏至相邻的南极陆地,造成相应区域初始信号不准确。以美国德克萨斯大学的空间研究中心(Center for Space Research,CSR)Mascon数据为模拟数据,讨论周边海洋信号对南极泄漏误差改正的影响。结果表明,海洋信号内泄漏对南极冰盖的质量变化及其空间分布影响显著,造成东南极Coats Land、Queen Maud Land、Enderby Land和Kemp Land等沿海地区反演结果不准确。引入“流域”函数分离海洋信号,利用全球正向建模恢复法改正南极泄漏误差,通过CSR RL05 GSM(glacial systems model)数据估算出南极冰盖的质量变化速率为-180.66 Gt/a,且质量变化空间分布与Mascon数据一致性较好。
