In the paper, after clarification of concepts about digital economy and the 'Belt and Road',the author analyzes the status quo of information infrastructure of countries along the route. And then, the author r...In the paper, after clarification of concepts about digital economy and the 'Belt and Road',the author analyzes the status quo of information infrastructure of countries along the route. And then, the author raises the idea that it needs to make joint efforts in the developing path of information, industry and intelligence ecosystems, so as to realize the global construction of the digital 'Belt and Road'. And in the essay, they are called 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 versions of China’s going-out strategy respectively. Under such circumstances, the digital reform approaches of bridging digital gap of different countries are put forward,from the four different aspects of platform media, emerging technology, digital literacy and think tanks.展开更多
In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This...In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This paper details the first African meeting of the G-DEP.Consultative meeting reviewed preceding dryland ecosystems case studies,identified vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions,and proposed sustainable solutions to problems.It also identified the successes and failures of previous attempts to improve vulnerable ecosystems and ultimately formed an action plan to improve these attempts.Climate,ecosystems,and livelihoods for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)for Sahara and Sahel,and China-Africa cooperation on science,technology,and innovation are three extra main sections concerned of the meeting.Separately,more specific topics as the complicated relationship between these natural processes and human activity,including pastoralism,soil restoration,and vegetation regenerate techniques,were fully discussed.Consultative meeting also identified the positive effects international collaboration can have on dryland regions,specifically in the capacity of sharing information,technology,and innovation on purpose to develop a joint proposal for long-term research programs in African arid and semi-arid areas.Moreover,meetings that review the progress made on ecosystem management for the sustainable livelihoods in Africa,identification of priority areas,and the development and implementation of ecosystem programs for proper research and collaboration in African arid and semi-arid zones,have been proposed as strategic recommendations to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development.Furthermore,as the outcomes of the workshop,there are three steps proposed to handle African dryland climate changes,several aspects suggested to solve current dilemmas of the GGWI,and a series of actions recommended for G-DEP related activities in Africa.展开更多
This paper presents the latest developments in the re search progress on mechanisms by which natural plants and crops respond to the doubled concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, resultant climatic change and the mo...This paper presents the latest developments in the re search progress on mechanisms by which natural plants and crops respond to the doubled concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, resultant climatic change and the modeling of vegetation and eco-systems in China. In addition, it points out that the future study on global change and terrestrial ecosystems should stress m(?)iti-disciplinary teamwork and inter-discipline penetration. Finally, the paper emphasizes 10 research realms in the field to be enhanced in the future.展开更多
The relationship between the global warming and carbon cycle in the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem was discussed based on a literature survey. As a result, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) concentr...The relationship between the global warming and carbon cycle in the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem was discussed based on a literature survey. As a result, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) concentrations increased markedly during the past few centuries. The increase in concentration of these greenhouse gases was coupled with the global warming. Summer temperature in the Arctic regions showed a rapid rising. The Arctic soil is a huge organic carbon pool, with a mean estimate of 355×10 9 tC, being 23.7% 32.3% of global soil carbon pool. At present the Arctic terretrial ecosystem is functioning as a sink of atmospheric CO 2. The rising global temperature resulting from an increase in atmospheric CO 2 would influence markedly the Arctic soil carbon and CO 2 source/sink relation of the Arctic ecosystems.展开更多
In the last two decades, unprecedented changes have taken place in the frequency and severity of wildfires;in different regions of the world, some fires were even classified as megafires. Although there are studies ab...In the last two decades, unprecedented changes have taken place in the frequency and severity of wildfires;in different regions of the world, some fires were even classified as megafires. Although there are studies about the diverse effects of fire, which have made significant theoretical contributions, a comprehensive review of the changes in fire research is required to understand worldwide patterns, particularly in those countries where fire activity is on the rise, such is the case of Mexico. The objective of this study was to analyze the trends in the research on wildfires published in Mexico and worldwide over a 40-year timescale. For this purpose, the Web of Science database, bibliometric tools, and the keywords TI = Forest fire* OR TI = Wildfire* were used to extract as many articles as possible related to fires from 1980 to 2020, without being restricted to those studies whose title included any of the variants of the keywords. There were 8458 publications about fires in the vegetation cover, with a notable increase in the frequency of studies in the previous decade;52% of the studies were concentrated in five countries and 20% of the articles focused on the study of different aspects of the soil. Mexico ranks thirteenth in volume of scientific production and studies in the country have focused mainly on the description of the quantitative relationship between the size of the affected area and the number of occurrences in the landscape, meanwhile, studies on fires and the consequences on the biotic interactions have been little explored.展开更多
An effective plan for global ecosystem management must be developed in the next 10 or 20 years. Awareness of the need has recently emerged, but still no integrated resource management system is universally accepted. A...An effective plan for global ecosystem management must be developed in the next 10 or 20 years. Awareness of the need has recently emerged, but still no integrated resource management system is universally accepted. A fragmented management approach has not been effective. Any successful course of action must be based on three assumptions: (1) that science can determine how ecosystems function, (2) once this is known, the social/political system will be able to protect ecosystems to the extent needed for the survival of human society, and (3) reality will take precedence over political expediency because Mother Nature cannot be fooled. This discussion focuses on the transition from awareness to taking effective action.展开更多
The role of the World Ocean in Global Climate Change is considered from two points of view: 1) heat energy accumulation and distribution in the ocean and its discharge into the atmosphere as purely physical processes;...The role of the World Ocean in Global Climate Change is considered from two points of view: 1) heat energy accumulation and distribution in the ocean and its discharge into the atmosphere as purely physical processes;2) participation of living matter in the ocean in these processes. The oceanic organic matter, especially plankton and different organic compounds, absorbs solar energy and changes water transparency, controlling thickness of layers and amount of the energy accumulated. Having ability to react not only to fluctuations of solar heat energy supply, but also to extra weak fluctuations of electromagnetic and magnetic fields of terrestrial and extraterrestrial origin, phytoplankton and other organic matter should be considered as active forcing of global climate and ocean ecosystem fluctuations observed on different scales. Several mechanisms of solar activity effects on global climate-ocean ecosystem interactions are discussed.展开更多
文摘In the paper, after clarification of concepts about digital economy and the 'Belt and Road',the author analyzes the status quo of information infrastructure of countries along the route. And then, the author raises the idea that it needs to make joint efforts in the developing path of information, industry and intelligence ecosystems, so as to realize the global construction of the digital 'Belt and Road'. And in the essay, they are called 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 versions of China’s going-out strategy respectively. Under such circumstances, the digital reform approaches of bridging digital gap of different countries are put forward,from the four different aspects of platform media, emerging technology, digital literacy and think tanks.
基金Funding to support this consultative meeting was provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41761144053,41661144022)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(121311KYSB201700).
文摘In order to enhance and restore the ecosystems of natural capital in African arid regions,the Global Dryland Ecosystem Programme(G-DEP)consultative meeting was hosted in Dakar,Senegal,from 23 to 25 September 2019.This paper details the first African meeting of the G-DEP.Consultative meeting reviewed preceding dryland ecosystems case studies,identified vulnerable arid and semi-arid regions,and proposed sustainable solutions to problems.It also identified the successes and failures of previous attempts to improve vulnerable ecosystems and ultimately formed an action plan to improve these attempts.Climate,ecosystems,and livelihoods for Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),Great Green Wall Initiative(GGWI)for Sahara and Sahel,and China-Africa cooperation on science,technology,and innovation are three extra main sections concerned of the meeting.Separately,more specific topics as the complicated relationship between these natural processes and human activity,including pastoralism,soil restoration,and vegetation regenerate techniques,were fully discussed.Consultative meeting also identified the positive effects international collaboration can have on dryland regions,specifically in the capacity of sharing information,technology,and innovation on purpose to develop a joint proposal for long-term research programs in African arid and semi-arid areas.Moreover,meetings that review the progress made on ecosystem management for the sustainable livelihoods in Africa,identification of priority areas,and the development and implementation of ecosystem programs for proper research and collaboration in African arid and semi-arid zones,have been proposed as strategic recommendations to enhance the global partnership for sustainable development.Furthermore,as the outcomes of the workshop,there are three steps proposed to handle African dryland climate changes,several aspects suggested to solve current dilemmas of the GGWI,and a series of actions recommended for G-DEP related activities in Africa.
文摘This paper presents the latest developments in the re search progress on mechanisms by which natural plants and crops respond to the doubled concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, resultant climatic change and the modeling of vegetation and eco-systems in China. In addition, it points out that the future study on global change and terrestrial ecosystems should stress m(?)iti-disciplinary teamwork and inter-discipline penetration. Finally, the paper emphasizes 10 research realms in the field to be enhanced in the future.
文摘The relationship between the global warming and carbon cycle in the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem was discussed based on a literature survey. As a result, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) and methane (CH 4) concentrations increased markedly during the past few centuries. The increase in concentration of these greenhouse gases was coupled with the global warming. Summer temperature in the Arctic regions showed a rapid rising. The Arctic soil is a huge organic carbon pool, with a mean estimate of 355×10 9 tC, being 23.7% 32.3% of global soil carbon pool. At present the Arctic terretrial ecosystem is functioning as a sink of atmospheric CO 2. The rising global temperature resulting from an increase in atmospheric CO 2 would influence markedly the Arctic soil carbon and CO 2 source/sink relation of the Arctic ecosystems.
文摘In the last two decades, unprecedented changes have taken place in the frequency and severity of wildfires;in different regions of the world, some fires were even classified as megafires. Although there are studies about the diverse effects of fire, which have made significant theoretical contributions, a comprehensive review of the changes in fire research is required to understand worldwide patterns, particularly in those countries where fire activity is on the rise, such is the case of Mexico. The objective of this study was to analyze the trends in the research on wildfires published in Mexico and worldwide over a 40-year timescale. For this purpose, the Web of Science database, bibliometric tools, and the keywords TI = Forest fire* OR TI = Wildfire* were used to extract as many articles as possible related to fires from 1980 to 2020, without being restricted to those studies whose title included any of the variants of the keywords. There were 8458 publications about fires in the vegetation cover, with a notable increase in the frequency of studies in the previous decade;52% of the studies were concentrated in five countries and 20% of the articles focused on the study of different aspects of the soil. Mexico ranks thirteenth in volume of scientific production and studies in the country have focused mainly on the description of the quantitative relationship between the size of the affected area and the number of occurrences in the landscape, meanwhile, studies on fires and the consequences on the biotic interactions have been little explored.
文摘An effective plan for global ecosystem management must be developed in the next 10 or 20 years. Awareness of the need has recently emerged, but still no integrated resource management system is universally accepted. A fragmented management approach has not been effective. Any successful course of action must be based on three assumptions: (1) that science can determine how ecosystems function, (2) once this is known, the social/political system will be able to protect ecosystems to the extent needed for the survival of human society, and (3) reality will take precedence over political expediency because Mother Nature cannot be fooled. This discussion focuses on the transition from awareness to taking effective action.
文摘The role of the World Ocean in Global Climate Change is considered from two points of view: 1) heat energy accumulation and distribution in the ocean and its discharge into the atmosphere as purely physical processes;2) participation of living matter in the ocean in these processes. The oceanic organic matter, especially plankton and different organic compounds, absorbs solar energy and changes water transparency, controlling thickness of layers and amount of the energy accumulated. Having ability to react not only to fluctuations of solar heat energy supply, but also to extra weak fluctuations of electromagnetic and magnetic fields of terrestrial and extraterrestrial origin, phytoplankton and other organic matter should be considered as active forcing of global climate and ocean ecosystem fluctuations observed on different scales. Several mechanisms of solar activity effects on global climate-ocean ecosystem interactions are discussed.
