A Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings in the Vision of Modernization of Global Governance: China's Expression and Practice

The human rights cause in the world still faces structural challenges and crises, the factor of which including scarcity of living material resources, global environmental crisis and global terrorism. However, the existing global governance model and governance pattern have made it difficult to deal effectively with the above structural challenges and crises facing the development of human rights in the world. Therefore, it’s necessary to advance and modernize global governance. In order to realize these ends, the Chinese government presents the ideal of a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings as the modernization of global governance and the Belt and Road Initiative as the proper project for this process of modernization. It calls on all countries to work hand in hand and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind so as to realize the modernization of global governance and hence the comprehensive development of human beings.

The Gx Global Governance:China Faces G20 Leadership

The Enlarging Gx Leadership Since the2005G7/8summit at Gleneagles,China’s leader and the leaders of the other G5 countries-China,India,Brazil,South

Global Governance in Cyberspace: Process,Conflict and China’s Proposals

In recent years,problems such as cyber warfares,cyber espionages and cyber crimes have become global public nuisances and always challenge the authority of the sovereign states. Therefore,the governance of the derivative problems concerning the global cyberspace has become an issue of importance in the international law. To overcome these challenges,sovereign states begin to get involved in cyberspace and seek international cooperation,so as to promote the evolution of the international rule of law in cyberspace. Currently,the cyberspace is filled with contradictions and conflicts. The cyber hegemonic states monopolize basic resources for cyberspaces,and their liberalism of double standards is the best tool to maintain their centralized and dominant situations. Moreover,the differences on governance problems between different camps leads to the significant institutional supply shortage. Accordingly,as a responsible power,China should advocate the Chinese solution and wisdom so as to create the reform of global cyberspace governance system. Possible specific measures include clarifying the governance structure of sovereign state-orientation,adhering to the model of shared governance with multilateral approach and multi-party participation.

Prospects of Deliberative Global Governance

Global governance is often equated with international institutions such as the United Nations and the World Bank that were established after World War II to address problems transcending national borders. While these institutions incorporate norms of representative democracy that evolved in national societies, their legitimacy is often questioned on grounds of limited effectiveness and remoteness from the citizens they purportedly serve. The arguments of many democratic theorists that deliberation among ordinary citizens can legitimize policies that heed these views thus bear important implications for global governance. In this paper, the possibility and different ways that civil society enhancing public participation, transparency and accountability in global governance are addressed. The empirical focus will be on the world＇s first global deliberation--WWViews （world wide views on global warming） that was held in 38 countries with all inhabited continents in 2009. The social drivers that encourage innovation in global democratic governance are analysed, as the main successes and challenges of WWViews and sketch three scenarios of the future of deliberative global governance are based on the experiences and plans around global citizen participation. The authors argue that despite some challenges, such as ensuring high quality of deliberation in highly variant policy cultural contexts and building policy pathways conducive to political impact, the prospects of deliberation in helping solve global environmental and policy problems are high, and likely to see cumulative progress in the near future.

Comparison of Global Governance Strategies of China and the United States

With the profound changes taking place in the international power structure and the accelerated changes occurring in the world that have not been seen in a century,the discord between China and the United States(US)in the realm of global governance is becoming increasingly prominent.Moreover,the raging COVID-19 pandemic has aggravated the divergences between the two countries in terms of global governance strategy.Since the end of World War II,although the diplomatic strategies of the US and their implementation have varied from administration to administration,such strategies have generally been defined by the US desire for hegemony in global governance.China’s engagement in global governance,by contrast,has undergone twists and turns,and its strategies and policies have kept pace with the times,which has gradually led to a global governance strategy that highlights extensive consultation,joint contribution,and shared benefits.The divergences between China and the US in terms of global governance strategy are embodied in governance values,areas,and approaches,relations among governance entities,and balance between national and global governance,which have resulted mainly from the two countries’different cultural backgrounds,historical traditions,realistic goals,and national strength.In the context of intensifying competition among major countries today,these strategic divergences between China and the US have exerted a profound impact on global governance cooperation and the reform of the global governance system,and exacerbated the fragmentation of global governance and the competition over leadership.Therefore,a comparison of the global governance strategies pursued by China and the US will help enhance mutual understanding,avoid confrontation and conflict,properly manage disagreements,and promote a healthy and stable development of bilateral relations between China and the US.

Proactively Participate in and Lead the Reform of the Global Governance System:An Important Practice for Chinese Diplomacy in the New Era

In the 21st century,increasingly significant or entirely new global issues have continued to emerge and accumulate.In response to the spread of global crises such as terrorism,nuclear proliferation,the refugee crisis,climate change,and the spread of disease,the existing global governance system“has lost the momentum for progress.”*1 Its effectiveness under the leadership of certain Western countries has begun to be questioned by many parties and has fallen into a dilemma marked by stagnation.The reform of the global governance system has become an inevitable requirement for international relations.With today?s unprecedented changes,not only are global financial,developmental,and ecological issues constantly erupting,but the sudden emergence of the new COVID-19 virus poses a serious threat to human health and safety.In this context,the world is obviously facing instability and uncertainty,and the reform o f the global governance system is at a historical turning point.The existing global governance mechanisms have been unable to adapt to the new complex and diverse situation,and the old global order is further disintegrating.China is actively promoting for the reform of the global governance system to build a community with a shared future for mankind that will lead the world into a new global governance structure.It is also an important practice of China's major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

The Changing Identity of China in Global Governance and International Institutions

As global issues become more prominent and complex, various actors in the international community are strengthening global governance through systems of international cooperation. Different international actors have different identities, responsibilities and roles in international institutions due to their comprehensive strengths. They are roughly divided into three types: followers, supporters and leaders. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, its process of participation in international institutions and global governance has been obviously staged.In recent years, China has actively participated in various major international activities and carried out a series of diplomatic activities at home, which further demonstrates its involvement from a single participant to both a leader and a participant. In the existing traditional, modified and innovative international institutions, China is essentially playing a dual role, namely the roles of participant and supporter, the supporter and reformer, and the supporter and leader.

G20 and Global Governance——Summaries of Two Conferences at CICIR

The China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations hosted two important conferences in November and the summaries of both are as follows.

Chinese Approach to Improving Global Governance

Today's world is facing profound changes rarely seen in a century and the traditional global governance mechanism has lost its ability to effectively cope with these changes.Innovations in the models of global governance and improving global governance mechanisms are now necessary for the continuation of positive global development.Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China has proven its ability to continuously improve its ability to participate in global governance reforms and will continue to do so by contributing Chinese vision, Chinese experience, and Chinese approaches to the improvement of global governance.

CHINA'S SELF-CONFIDENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

'China should make greater contributions to mankind.'Such contributions are now to be found more and more on the level of global governance.As General Secretary Xi Jinping observed in his New Year Address of 2016,'the world is too big,and challenges are too many,to go without the voice from China being heard,without solution ideas from China being shared,without the involvement of China being needed'.

GUIDING GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN NEW FRONTIERS GUIDED WITH IDEA OF “COMMUNITY OF SHARED DESTINY FOR MANKIND”

Polar regions,deep sea,cyberspace and outer space are often collectively known as global new frontiers.They are'new'compared to the space that has long been inhabited and governed by the mankind.Thanks to technological advancement,the mankind has been able to access and utilize new space and resources in deep sea,

THE POSITION AND ROLE OF THE BRICS IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Global issues,just as the name implies,refer to the common threats and challenges facing the whole globe.Upon the backdrop of deepening globalization and increasing interdependence among all the countries,global issues feature diversification and complexity.Furthermore,without the so-called'world government'in place,all the countries should

How China Improves Global Governance capability--Take the field theory as the visual threshold

The world is currently experiencing a trend of power shifting from east to west.The raging epidemic and the continuous development of deglobalization have made the world more uncertain.The world’s original governance rules are not enough to solve real problems,and China urgently needs to improve its global governance capability.

A Summary of the Symposium on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Global Governance of Human Rights

On June 8,2017,a symposium on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind and Human Rights Global Governance was held in Jinnan campus of Nankai University.It was hosted by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the Publicity Department of Tianjin Municipal Party Committee and organized by Nankai University.

New Global Governance Platform

Since it was put forward three years ago by Chinese President Xi Jinping,the Belt and Road Initiative has become an important platform for countries along the routes to share development opportunities.According to Wang Yiwei,Professor of international relations at Renmin University of China,the initiative will act as a good supplement and improve- ment to the existing mechanism of international governance, while injecting new vitality into the world＇s economic recovery and long-term development. His ideas follow：

A Critical Analysis of Global Governance vs.Protection and Development of Human Rights

Human rights merit global attention in the current era of globalization. The realization and protectionof human rights is an important part of the process of global governance. Meanwhile, global governance plays a double role in the protection and development of human rights. On the one hand, global governance and hu- man rights have a lot in common, both calling for democracy under the rule of law and protection of citizen rights. On the other hand, to varying degrees global governance weakens the au- thoritv of sovereien states.

Impacts of Emerging Biotechnologies on Major Power Competition and Global Governance

COVID-19’s global spread has exposed the weakness of biosecurity systems,underlining shortcomings and increasing the difficulty of global governance.Given the dilemma inherent in biotechnology’s prospects and risks,the leadership of biotechnology and biosecurity capability has become a focal point of great power competition.Both the threat of bioterrorism and the risk of the misuse or abuse of biotechnology are urgent and complicated.Due to the lack of verification mechanisms and the dual-nature of biotechnology,biosecurity competition may result in an arms race or military conflict,but major powers can innovate cooperation mechanisms to provide public goods and manage risk.

The New Industrial Revolution, Global Governance Reshaping and Multilateralism

Currently,a new industrial revolution characterized by artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and digitalization is in a critical transition from initiation to allaround expansion.While injecting new dynamism into global economic growth,and promoting inclusive development and human welfare,the new industrial revolution will reshape the pattern of international competition,and provide a window period for latemoving countries to compete and catch up with developed nations.Amid the shocks of the new industrial revolution,countries must adhere to the principles of openness,multilateralism and reciprocity to share the dividends of the new industrial revolution and effectively cope with its challenges.Therefore,multilateralism,rather than protectionism and unilateralism,should dominate the mainstream of change in future global governance.The reform of existing multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization(WTO)must proceed under the principle of multilateralism.

Promoting Global Governance to Catalyze Shared Development

POVERTY is still a major issue plaguing the modern world. In the 65 countries including China along the Belt and Road route, only 18 are high-income countries, with the per capita GDP reaching US $27,000. There are 22 countries in the upper-middle-income bracket as the average per capita GDP in these countries stands at US $7,000. The number of lower-middle-income nations is 23, having an average per capita GDP less than US $2,500. The remaining two, Afghanistan and Nepal, have their GDP per capita share of US $1,000.

Who Should Be the Subject of Global Governance?

The neo-liberal view of global governance holds that sovereign state-dominated global governance will undermine the fairness of the international community,and the social legitimacy of nationalism is insufficient.However,some scholars pointed out that in the global governance mechanism advocated by neo-liberalism and cosmopolitanism,the state role is absent and the subjects and fields of governance are highly overlapping and inefficient,resulting in the dilemma that global governance is more fair than efficient.This article holds that the implementation of effective global governance can draw lessons from the experience of China’s socialist market economy and form a state-coordinated diversified governance program.Through the coordination of the state and considering both the fairness and efficiency in the process of global governance,the effective combination of the two can be achieved on the subject of global governance.