A new monsoon index, the dynamical normalized seasonality (DNS), is introduced to study the issue of monsoons. This DNS index can describe both seasonal variation and interannual variability of different monsoon regio...A new monsoon index, the dynamical normalized seasonality (DNS), is introduced to study the issue of monsoons. This DNS index can describe both seasonal variation and interannual variability of different monsoon regions. It can also be used to delimit the geographical distribution of the global monsoon systems. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the index is very useful for understanding deeply the monsoons to study the difference, relationship, and interactions among the classical monsoon, ordinary monsoon and monsoon-like system.展开更多
Crystallographic stability is an important factor that affects the stability of perovskites.The stability dictates the commercial applications of lead-based organometal halide perovskites.The tolerance factor(t)and oc...Crystallographic stability is an important factor that affects the stability of perovskites.The stability dictates the commercial applications of lead-based organometal halide perovskites.The tolerance factor(t)and octahedral factor(μ)form the state-of-the-art criteria used to evaluate the perovskite crystallographic stability.We studied the crystallographic stabilities of halide and chalcogenide perovskites by exploring an effective alternative descriptor,the global instability index(GII)that was used as an indicator of the stability of perovskite oxides.We particularly focused on determining crystallographic reliability by calculating GII.We analyzed the bond valence models of the 243 halide and chalcogenide perovskites that occupied the lowest-energy cubic-phase structures determined by conducting the first-principles-based total energy minimization calculations.The decomposition energy(ΔHD)reflects the thermodynamic stability of the system and is considered as the benchmark that helps assess the effectiveness of GII in evaluating the crystallographic stability of the systems under study.The results indicated that the accuracy of predicting thermodynamic stability was significantly higher when GII(73.6%)was analyzed compared to the cases when t(55%)andμ(39.1%)were analyzed to determine the stability.The results obtained from the machine learning-based data mining method further indicate that GII is an important descriptor of the stability of the perovskite family.展开更多
Objective：To validate malnutrition screening tool of nutrition risk index （NRI） against patent-generated subjective global assessment （PG-SGA） as a gold standard tool in colorectal cancer patients before radiothe...Objective：To validate malnutrition screening tool of nutrition risk index （NRI） against patent-generated subjective global assessment （PG-SGA） as a gold standard tool in colorectal cancer patients before radiotherapy.Methods：Nutritional status of 52 volunteer colorectal cancer patients with a mean age of 54.1±16.8 years who referred to radiotherapy center were assessed by PG-SGA （gold standard method） and NRI.Serum albumin levels of patients were determined by colorimetric method.A contingency table was used to determine the sensitivity,specificity,and predictive value of the NRI in screening patients at risk of malnutrition,in comparison with the PG-SGA in patients before radiotherapy.Results：The findings of PG-SGA and NRI showed that 52％ and 45％ of patients in our study were moderately or severely malnourished respectively.The NRI had a sensitivity of 66％ and a specificity of 60％ against PG-SGA.The positive predictive value was 64％ and the negative predicative value was 62％.The agreement between NRI and PG-SGA was statistically insignificant （kappa =0.267; P＞0.05）.Conclusions：The findings of present study showed that the prevalence of malnutrition was high in patients with colorectal cancer.Moreover,NRI method had low sensitivity and specificity in assessing nutritional status of patients with cancer.It seems that the combination of anthropometric,laboratory parameters and a subjective scoring system may be helpful tools in screening of malnutrition in cancer patients.展开更多
Time series for the Southern Oscillation Index and mean global near surface temperature anomalies are compared for the 1950 to 2012 period using recently released HadCRU4 data. The method avoids a focused statistical ...Time series for the Southern Oscillation Index and mean global near surface temperature anomalies are compared for the 1950 to 2012 period using recently released HadCRU4 data. The method avoids a focused statistical analysis of the data, in part because the study deals with smoothed data, which means there is the danger of spurious correlations, and in part because the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation is a cyclical phenomenon of irregular period. In these situations the results of regression analysis or similar statistical evaluation can be misleading. With the potential controversy arising over a particular statistical analysis removed, the findings indicate that El Nino-Southern Oscillation exercises a major influence on mean global temperature. The results show the potential of natural forcing mechanisms to account for mean global temperature variation, although the extent of the influence is difficult to quantify from among the variability of short-term influences.展开更多
This paper presents the global solar radiation (GSR) and cloud transmittance factor (cf) measured at the horizontal surface over a period of one year from 2009 to 2010 using CMP6 Pyranometer and NILUUV Irradiance Mete...This paper presents the global solar radiation (GSR) and cloud transmittance factor (cf) measured at the horizontal surface over a period of one year from 2009 to 2010 using CMP6 Pyranometer and NILUUV Irradiance Meter at Lukla (Latitude 26.69oN,Longitude 86.73?E and Altitude 2850 m) in the foothills of the Mt Everest (8850 m high). Monthly and seasonal variations of global solar radiation as well as correlation between clearness index and cloud transmittance factor at Lukla are presented. The annual average daily global solar radiation is about 3.83 kWh/sq·m/day which is sufficient to promote solar active and passive energy technology at high mountain terrain where there is no other viable alternative sources of energy. The maximum and minimum global solar radiation of 5.33 and 2.08 kWh/sq·m/day is recorded in April and September 2010 respectively. The seasonal variation of solar energy is about 2.87 kWh/sq·m/day and 4.83 kWh/sq·m/day in summer and spring respectively which is not in line with the general trend. The coefficient of determination (R2) between cloud transmittance factor (cf) and clearness factor (K) is found to be 0.97. This novel result can be utilized to estimate the global solar radiation at the horizontal surface where K and cf are available.展开更多
基金This work was supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 40233027 and 40275025, and ZKCX2-SW-210.
文摘A new monsoon index, the dynamical normalized seasonality (DNS), is introduced to study the issue of monsoons. This DNS index can describe both seasonal variation and interannual variability of different monsoon regions. It can also be used to delimit the geographical distribution of the global monsoon systems. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the index is very useful for understanding deeply the monsoons to study the difference, relationship, and interactions among the classical monsoon, ordinary monsoon and monsoon-like system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62004080 and 92061113)the Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Supporting Program(BX20190143)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670834)。
文摘Crystallographic stability is an important factor that affects the stability of perovskites.The stability dictates the commercial applications of lead-based organometal halide perovskites.The tolerance factor(t)and octahedral factor(μ)form the state-of-the-art criteria used to evaluate the perovskite crystallographic stability.We studied the crystallographic stabilities of halide and chalcogenide perovskites by exploring an effective alternative descriptor,the global instability index(GII)that was used as an indicator of the stability of perovskite oxides.We particularly focused on determining crystallographic reliability by calculating GII.We analyzed the bond valence models of the 243 halide and chalcogenide perovskites that occupied the lowest-energy cubic-phase structures determined by conducting the first-principles-based total energy minimization calculations.The decomposition energy(ΔHD)reflects the thermodynamic stability of the system and is considered as the benchmark that helps assess the effectiveness of GII in evaluating the crystallographic stability of the systems under study.The results indicated that the accuracy of predicting thermodynamic stability was significantly higher when GII(73.6%)was analyzed compared to the cases when t(55%)andμ(39.1%)were analyzed to determine the stability.The results obtained from the machine learning-based data mining method further indicate that GII is an important descriptor of the stability of the perovskite family.
基金the financial support of Nutrition Research Center,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
文摘Objective：To validate malnutrition screening tool of nutrition risk index （NRI） against patent-generated subjective global assessment （PG-SGA） as a gold standard tool in colorectal cancer patients before radiotherapy.Methods：Nutritional status of 52 volunteer colorectal cancer patients with a mean age of 54.1±16.8 years who referred to radiotherapy center were assessed by PG-SGA （gold standard method） and NRI.Serum albumin levels of patients were determined by colorimetric method.A contingency table was used to determine the sensitivity,specificity,and predictive value of the NRI in screening patients at risk of malnutrition,in comparison with the PG-SGA in patients before radiotherapy.Results：The findings of PG-SGA and NRI showed that 52％ and 45％ of patients in our study were moderately or severely malnourished respectively.The NRI had a sensitivity of 66％ and a specificity of 60％ against PG-SGA.The positive predictive value was 64％ and the negative predicative value was 62％.The agreement between NRI and PG-SGA was statistically insignificant （kappa =0.267; P＞0.05）.Conclusions：The findings of present study showed that the prevalence of malnutrition was high in patients with colorectal cancer.Moreover,NRI method had low sensitivity and specificity in assessing nutritional status of patients with cancer.It seems that the combination of anthropometric,laboratory parameters and a subjective scoring system may be helpful tools in screening of malnutrition in cancer patients.
文摘Time series for the Southern Oscillation Index and mean global near surface temperature anomalies are compared for the 1950 to 2012 period using recently released HadCRU4 data. The method avoids a focused statistical analysis of the data, in part because the study deals with smoothed data, which means there is the danger of spurious correlations, and in part because the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation is a cyclical phenomenon of irregular period. In these situations the results of regression analysis or similar statistical evaluation can be misleading. With the potential controversy arising over a particular statistical analysis removed, the findings indicate that El Nino-Southern Oscillation exercises a major influence on mean global temperature. The results show the potential of natural forcing mechanisms to account for mean global temperature variation, although the extent of the influence is difficult to quantify from among the variability of short-term influences.
文摘This paper presents the global solar radiation (GSR) and cloud transmittance factor (cf) measured at the horizontal surface over a period of one year from 2009 to 2010 using CMP6 Pyranometer and NILUUV Irradiance Meter at Lukla (Latitude 26.69oN,Longitude 86.73?E and Altitude 2850 m) in the foothills of the Mt Everest (8850 m high). Monthly and seasonal variations of global solar radiation as well as correlation between clearness index and cloud transmittance factor at Lukla are presented. The annual average daily global solar radiation is about 3.83 kWh/sq·m/day which is sufficient to promote solar active and passive energy technology at high mountain terrain where there is no other viable alternative sources of energy. The maximum and minimum global solar radiation of 5.33 and 2.08 kWh/sq·m/day is recorded in April and September 2010 respectively. The seasonal variation of solar energy is about 2.87 kWh/sq·m/day and 4.83 kWh/sq·m/day in summer and spring respectively which is not in line with the general trend. The coefficient of determination (R2) between cloud transmittance factor (cf) and clearness factor (K) is found to be 0.97. This novel result can be utilized to estimate the global solar radiation at the horizontal surface where K and cf are available.
