Application research on large-scale battery energy storage system under Global Energy Interconnection framework

In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward.

Global exponentially stability for time-delay and time-varying measure large scale systems with impulsive effects

The global exponentially stability was studied for time-delay and time-varying measure large scale systems with impulsive effects. Firstly, the concepts are drawn for the functional category. Secondly, some sufficient conditions of the uniformly stability and the global exponentially stability are given for the above systems through defining a Lyapunov function of the weighting sum of the variable absolute by using the Lyapunov function method and the comparison principle. At the same time, the new conclusion of stability of these systems is more universal and contains the existing results. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the obtained results.

Decentralized Stabilization of Large-scale Uncertain Systems with State-Delays——LMIs Approach

This paper deals with the problem of decentralized robustcontrol for a class of interconnected uncertain systemswith state delays.The parameter uncertainties are un-known but norm-bounded.A new sufficient condition isobtained for each subsystem and overall system to be sta-bilizable via linear memoryless state feedback robust de-centralized controllers.The results depend on the size of the delays and are given in terms of linear matrix ine-qualities,so they are less conservative than those of delay-independent.Moreover,matching condition is not a necessary condition.Finally,an example is presented to illustrative the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Utilization Survey of Livestock Manure Resources in Large-scale Farms of Yangzhou

Based on surveying the conditions of large -scale farms and commercial manure in the each county of Yangzhou city, the situations and problems for utilization of livestock manure resources were grasped. After an analysis of the potential value of livestock manure, the suggestion and strategy for utilization of livestock manure resources were proposed based on the actual conditions in Yangzhou city.

Formation conditions and exploration direction of large natural gas reservoirs in the oil-prone Bohai Bay Basin, East China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a typical oil-prone basin, in which natural gas geological reserves have a small proportion. In this basin, the gas source rock is largely medium-deep lake mudstone with oil-prone type Ⅱ2-Ⅱ1 kerogens, and natural gas preservation conditions are poor due to active late tectonic movements. The formation conditions of large natural gas fields in the Bohai Bay Basin have been elusive. Based on the exploration results of Bohai Bay Basin and comparison with large gas fields in China and abroad, the formation conditions of conventional large-scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin were examined from accumulation dynamics, structure and sedimentation. The results show that the formation conditions of conventional large natural gas reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin mainly include one core element and two key elements. The core factor is the strong sealing of Paleogene "quilt-like" overpressure mudstone. The two key factors include the rapid maturation and high-intensity gas generation of source rock in the late stage and large scale reservoir. On this basis, large-scale nature gas accumulation models in the Bohai Bay Basin have been worked out, including regional overpressure mudstone enriching model, local overpressure mudstone depleting model, sand-rich sedimentary subsag depleting model and late strongly-developed fault depleting model. It is found that Bozhong sag, northern Liaozhong sag and Banqiao sag have favorable conditions for the formation of large-scale natural gas reservoirs, and are worth exploring. The study results have important guidance for exploration of large scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin.

Global aridification in the second half of the 20th century and its relationship to large-scale climate background

The variation in surface wetness index (SWI), which was derived from global gridded monthly precipi- tation and monthly mean surface air temperature datasets of Climatic Research Unit (CRU), from 1951― 2002 over global land was analyzed in this paper. The characteristics of the SWI variation in global continents, such as North America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, and Australia, were compared. In addition, the correlation between the SWI variation of each continent (or across the globe) and the large-scale background closely related to SST variations, which affects climate change, was analyzed. The results indicate that the SWI variation shows distinct regional characteristics in the second half of the 20th century under global warming. A drying trend in the last 52 years occurred in Africa, Eurasia, Australia and South America, most obviously in Africa and Eurasia. North America shows a wetting trend after 1976. A 30-year period of dry-wet oscillation is found in South America and Australia; the latest is in a drying period in two regions. The results also revealed that global warming has changed the dry-wet pattern of the global land. South America and Australia have a drying trend despite in- creases in precipitation. This indicates that increases in surface air temperature cannot be ignored in aridification studies. Global dry-wet variation is closely related to large-scale SST variations: the drying trend in Africa and Eurasia and the wetting trend in North America are correlated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO); the interdecadal oscillation of SWI in South America and Australia is consistent with the interdecadal variation in Southern Oscillation Index (SOI).

基于VisIt的全球科学数据并行可视化--以大气温度场为例

针对当前大规模全球科学数据可视化中存在的单机可视化数据量有限、从底层开发并行可视化系统难度大等问题,该文基于分布式环境和VisIt,提出了一种简便、开放而又有效的大规模全球科学数据可视化方法。介绍了VisIt的体系结构及运行机制,给出了自定义数据的并行可视化方法;并基于NCEP数据集及全球空间格网,在小规模集群环境下实现了小粒度适应性球体退化八叉树格网(SDOG)下的全球大气温度场的并行可视化。VisIt的并行可视化性能测试结果表明:通过增加计算节点,VisIt能有效摆脱传统单机可视化对数据量的限制,可实现大规模全球科学数据的并行可视化。

求解大尺度优化问题的学生t-分布估计算法

针对处理大尺度全局优化问题,提出一种基于自适应t-分布的分布估计算法(EDA-t).该算法不仅求解效果良好,而且求解速度也比同类型算法快.其基本思想是:在迭代搜索过程,首先利用期望最大化算法对演化种群进行概率主成分分析,然后根据得到的概率隐变量建立算法的概率模型,并通过t-分布自由度自适应方法,在算法收敛停滞时跳出局部最优.由于在构建模型时进行了数据降维,在不影响算法求解精度的前提下,其计算开销得到了明显降低.通过和目前主流的演化算法在大尺度优化测试函数上的仿真实验和分析,验证了所提算法的有效性和适用性.

全球大尺度信息在3km GRAPES-RAFS系统中的应用

为了缓解快速分析预报循环过程中固定边界条件造成的预报锁定,缩短动力、热力调整时间,提高模式预报能力,全球模式产品的大尺度部分的信息被引入GRAPES-RAFS系统中,通过二维离散余弦变换方法对全球模式产品和区域分析进行谱分解,获得综合全球大尺度和区域中小尺度信息的混合尺度分析.通过2018年5月9日-6月9日1个月间歇分析预报循环,比较对照试验和混合尺度分析试验的冷启动和暖启动预报结果表明,在快速分析预报循环中,全球大尺度信息的加入不仅增加分析的大尺度部分信息和降低地面气压倾向,缩短模式预报的动力、热力调整时间,且地面要素场、分析场和降水的暖启动预报质量有显著提高;台风艾云尼路径预报也更加接近观测.另外,GRAPES-RAFS循环的暖启动与冷启动预报相比,初始场更加协调,但地面2 m气温和10 m风场的预报质量比冷启动预报差,且其ETS降水评分也明显低于冷启动预报.混合尺度方案在RAFS系统中的应用能有效提高初始场的协调性,地面、高空要素和降水预报质量得到提升.

特大城市电网基于统一全局优化的AVC-DVC电压优化控制模式的研究和应用

分析了传统三级协调模式下AVC系统存在的协调水平不足问题,提出了基于全局无功电压优化控制的AVCDVC模式,通过采用全局优化控制策略,解决了省地协调过程中存在的无功设备投入率低,无功设备的频繁动作等问题;在执行层面,利用DVC的控制模式,结合目前广泛应用的智能变电站控制系统,实现自动闭环优化控制。该控制模式已在北京电网中实际应用,控制效果良好,高峰负荷期间无功设备投入率得到提升,无功分布得到优化。

Simplified Group Search Optimizer Algorithm for Large Scale Global Optimization

A simplified group search optimizer algorithm denoted as"SGSO"for large scale global optimization is presented in this paper to obtain a simple algorithm with superior performance on high-dimensional problems.The SGSO adopts an improved sharing strategy which shares information of not only the best member but also the other good members,and uses a simpler search method instead of searching by the head angle.Furthermore,the SGSO increases the percentage of scroungers to accelerate convergence speed.Compared with genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimizer(PSO)and group search optimizer(GSO),SGSO is tested on seven benchmark functions with dimensions 30,100,500 and 1 000.It can be concluded that the SGSO has a remarkably superior performance to GA,PSO and GSO for large scale global optimization.

一种修正三项Hestenes-Stiefel共轭梯度投影算法及其应用

提出一种新的修正三项Hestenes-Stiefel共轭梯度投影算法,用于求解大规模非线性方程组问题和信号恢复问题.该算法通过构造一个新的修正Hestenes-Stiefel搜索方向,结合经典线搜索方法和超平面投影技术而得,新搜索方向在不需要任何线搜索条件下自动满足充分下降性,在常规假设条件下,新算法具有全局收敛性质.数值实验结果表明,新算法高效且稳定.

全球50km分辨率SNU-AGCM模式模拟热带气旋活动

为了验证50 km分辨率的SNU-AGCM模式(Seoul National University Atmospheric General Circulation Model)模拟TC活动的能力,利用Hadley中心月平均海温资料驱动模式,模拟了1980—2009年全球热带气旋的活动特征。与观测资料对比分析,两组利用不同对流参数化方案的试验,都能够模拟与观测类似的TC结构以及全球TC活动的主要特点,包括全球生成总频数、各海区路径分布和TC活动的季节变化。但是各个海域TC生成的年平均频数与观测还存在明显差异。模式中西北太平洋和南太平洋两组试验平均的TC频数较观测分别偏多21.5%和31.3%;而北大西洋、南北印度洋分别偏少11.4%、41.1%和50%。模拟的东北太平洋TC比观测少了将近88%,而观测中TC极少的南大西洋在两组试验中平均每年却有1.5个TC生成。模拟的TC频数较观测的差异主要与模拟的北印度洋季风、西北太平洋季风槽、垂直风切变、850 h Pa相对涡度与观测的差异有关。

GPU-CA model for large-scale land-use change simulation

Land-use change simulation for large-scale regions(i.e.provincial regions or countries) is very useful for many global studies.Such simulation,however,is affected by computational capability of general computers.This paper proposes a method to implement cellular automata(CA) for land use change simulation based on graphics processing units(GPUs).This method can be applied to large-scale land-use change simulations by combining the latest GPU high-performance computing technology and CA.We carried out the experiments by simulating land-use change processes at a provincial scale.This involves a lot of sophisticated techniques,such as model mapping,and computational procedure of GPU-CA model.This proposed model has been validated by land-use change simulation in Guangdong Province,China.The comparison indicates that the GPU-CA model is faster than traditional CA by 30 times.Such improvement is crucial for land-use change simulations in provincial regions and countries.The outputs of the simulation can be further used to provide information to other global change models.

dx_i/dt=-a_(ii)(t)f_(ii)(x_i)+sum(a_(ij)(t)f_(ij)(x_j)) from j=1(j≠i) to n 的解的全局稳定性

讨论了系统dx_i/dt=-a_(ii)(t)f_(ii)(x_i)+sum(a_(ij)(t)f_(ij)(x_j)) from j=1(j≠i) to n(i＝1,...,n),应用大系统的分解理论,得到了该系统零解全局稳定的充分条件.此条件简明扼要,容易验证,实用方便.

一种求解大规模方程组的修正Dai-Yuan共轭梯度法

设计一种针对大规模非线性方程组的修正DY共轭梯度算法.该算法的搜索方向不仅自动满足充分下降条件,而且属于信赖域.在适当条件下,可以证明新算法是全局收敛的.初步的数值实验表明新算法可以有效求解大规模非线性方程组.

一种近似BFGS的自适应双参数共轭梯度法

为了更加有效的求解大规模无约束优化问题,本文基于自调比无记忆BFGS拟牛顿法,提出一个自适应双参数共轭梯度法,设计的搜索方向满足充分下降性,在一般假设和标准Wolfe线搜索准则下,证明该方法具有全局收敛性,数值实验结果证明提出的新算法是有效的.

大规模三维场景光线追踪渲染方法综述

光线追踪是目前最常用的真实感渲染算法,在三维动画、虚拟现实、数字孪生等领域发挥着巨大作用.随着人们对场景呈现精度和质量的要求不断增加,大规模场景光线追踪渲染方法受到了广泛关注.文中对大规模场景光线追踪的相关工作进行综述,并从多个角度对各类方法进行分析.首先从场景数据压缩和场景数据分解2个方面简述了大规模场景的数据组织方法;然后回顾了内外存调度光线追踪方法,并分析了LOD在该类方法中的应用;接着介绍了分布式光线追踪方法,并将其分为屏幕空间并行、数据并行和混合并行3类进行分析对比;最后,总结大规模场景光线追踪的研究进展,分析现有方法在数据存储、数据访问、渲染质量、渲染速度等方面的问题,并指出可能的未来研究方向,包括基于神经网络的场景数据压缩、实例化场景数据分解、计算热点预测、自适应分布式策略等.

滇西北森林郁闭度估测模型——基于全球生态系统动力学调查多波束激光雷达数据

探究全球生态系统动力学调查(GEDI)多波束激光雷达数据估测区域森林郁闭度(FCC)的潜力,对于评估森林生态系统状态和林分环境具有重要作用。选取滇西北典型生态脆弱区香格里拉为研究区,以GEDI波形数据为信息源,提取46245个有林地光斑参数,使用经验贝叶斯克里金法(EBK)获取光斑参数在研究区未知空间的连续分布,结合54块实测样地数据,采用支持向量机的递归特征消除法(SVM⁃RFE)、随机森林(RF)和Pearson分析分别优选特征变量,基于贝叶斯优化(BO)随机森林回归模型(BO⁃RFR)、贝叶斯优化梯度回归模型(BO⁃GBRT)和偏最小二乘法(PLSR)研建森林郁闭度最佳估测模型。结果表明:(1)EBK法预测精度高,估测结果可靠,R2:0.20—0.92,RMSE:0.004—2812.912,MAE:0.003—1996.258,MRE:0.007—4.423;(2)基于不同特征优选方法筛选的特征变量和数量略有差异,SVM⁃RFE法优选出6个参数(cover、pai、sensitivity、rv_a1、rv_a4、rg_a4)的平均交叉验证精度达0.84,RF法以贡献度5%为阈值筛选出5个参数(cover、pai、pgap_theta_error、modis_treecover、modis_nonvegetated),Pearson法以相关性大于0.3且在0.01水平显著优选出5个参数(cover、pai、rv_a5、rg_a5、pgap_theta_error);(3)不同特征变量优选方法筛选的建模参数研建估测模型精度差异性较大,以SVM⁃RFE和RF方法优选参数构建估测模型的精度更佳,SVM⁃RFE方法优选参数研建估测模型精度变化相对稳定,以RF方法中的BO⁃GBRT模型为最佳FCC估测模型(R2=0.85、RMSE=0.069,P=86.5%);(4)采用BO⁃GBRT模型估测研究区森林郁闭度和空间制图,与GEDI pai参数预测的FCC具有较高空间相关性达0.53,FCC均值分别为0.58、0.61,主要分布在0.4—0.7,分别占比65.45%、51.79%。研究区森林郁闭度主要处于中度郁闭,北部区域主要为高度郁闭区,与研究区植被覆盖度的空间分布具有一致性,说明使用GEDI数据估测森林郁闭度的方法具有可行性、结果具有可靠性。研究为使用GEDI数据高效、及时、低成本估测大空间尺度的森林水平结构参数的相关研究奠定了基础。

AN ADAPTIVE CONTROL STRATEGY FOR PROPER MESH DISTRI-BUTION IN LARGE EDDY SIMULATION

The Filtering Grid Scale （FGS） of sub-grid scale models does not match with the theoretical Proper FGS （PFGS） because of the improper mesh. Therefore, proper Large Eddy Simulation （LES） Mesh is very decisive for better results and more economical cost. In this work, the purpose is to provide an adaptive control strategy for proper LES mesh with turbulence theory and CFD methods. A new expression of PFGS is proposed on the basis of -5/3 law of inertial sub-range and the proper mesh of LES can be built directly from the adjustment of RANS mesh. A benchmark of the backward facing step flow at Re = 5147 is provided for application and verification. There are three kinds of mesh sizes, including the RANS mesh, LAM （LES of adaptive-control mesh）, LFM （LES of fine mesh）, employed here. The grid number of LAM is smaller than those of LFM evidently, and the results of LAM are in a good agreement with those of DNS and experiments. It is revealed that the results of LAM are very close to those of LFM. The conclusions provide positive evidences for the novel strategy.