传统集合预报模式扰动方法通常用来描述物理过程随机误差,但模式不可避免会存在系统偏差,为了减少模式系统偏差对集合预报的影响,利用中国气象局全球集合预报系统(CMA-GEPS),通过经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)分解...传统集合预报模式扰动方法通常用来描述物理过程随机误差,但模式不可避免会存在系统偏差,为了减少模式系统偏差对集合预报的影响,利用中国气象局全球集合预报系统(CMA-GEPS),通过经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)分解方法获得系统偏差倾向,在积分过程中将系统偏差倾向扣除法与传统的随机物理倾向扰动法(Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Tendency,SPPT)相结合,构建了全球集合预报系统偏差和随机误差结合的模式倾向扰动方法(Bias correction of bias tendency based on SPPT,SPPT-B),设计并开展了集合预报试验来探究该方法对全球集合预报的影响。结果显示:(1)经验正交函数分解的第一模态能较好地体现系统偏差的主要特征,即随预报时效线性增长、对流层高层的系统偏差比中、低层大。(2)系统偏差倾向扣除法和SPPT-B方法均可以有效降低南、北半球和热带地区高层和低层的系统偏差,且SPPT-B方法能明显改善热带地区集合离散度。(3)两套方案对对流层高层的集合预报技巧改进效果优于低层。SPPT-B能有效提高全球集合预报技巧,为发展同时考虑系统偏差和随机误差的全球集合预报模式扰动方法提供了科学依据。展开更多
Temperature and relative humidity profiles derived from two China-made global positioning system（GPS） radiosondes（GPS-TK and CF-06-A） during the east tropical Indian Ocean（ETIO） experiment were compared with Vai...Temperature and relative humidity profiles derived from two China-made global positioning system（GPS） radiosondes（GPS-TK and CF-06-A） during the east tropical Indian Ocean（ETIO） experiment were compared with Vaisala RS92-SGP to assess the performances of China-made radiosondes over the tropical ocean.The results show that there have relative large biases in temperature observations between the GPSTK and the RS92-SGP in the low troposphere,with a warm bias of greater than 2 K in the day and a cooling bias of 0.6 K at night.The temperature differences of the CF-06-A were small in the troposphere both in daytime and nighttime,and became large peak-to-peak fluctuations in the stratosphere.The intercomparison of the relative humidity showed that the CF-06-A had large random errors due to the limitation of sensors and the lack of correction scheme,and the GPS-TK had large systematic biases in the low troposphere which might be related to the temperature impact.GPS height measurements are clearly suitable for China-made radiosonde systems operation.At night,the CF-06-A and the GPS-TK could provide virtual potential temperature and atmospheric boundary layer height measurements of suitable quality for both weather and climate research.As a result of the intercomparison experiment,major errors in the Chinamade radiosonde systems were well indentified and subsequently rectified to ensure improving accuracy for historical and future radiosondes.展开更多
文摘传统集合预报模式扰动方法通常用来描述物理过程随机误差,但模式不可避免会存在系统偏差,为了减少模式系统偏差对集合预报的影响,利用中国气象局全球集合预报系统(CMA-GEPS),通过经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)分解方法获得系统偏差倾向,在积分过程中将系统偏差倾向扣除法与传统的随机物理倾向扰动法(Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Tendency,SPPT)相结合,构建了全球集合预报系统偏差和随机误差结合的模式倾向扰动方法(Bias correction of bias tendency based on SPPT,SPPT-B),设计并开展了集合预报试验来探究该方法对全球集合预报的影响。结果显示:(1)经验正交函数分解的第一模态能较好地体现系统偏差的主要特征,即随预报时效线性增长、对流层高层的系统偏差比中、低层大。(2)系统偏差倾向扣除法和SPPT-B方法均可以有效降低南、北半球和热带地区高层和低层的系统偏差,且SPPT-B方法能明显改善热带地区集合离散度。(3)两套方案对对流层高层的集合预报技巧改进效果优于低层。SPPT-B能有效提高全球集合预报技巧,为发展同时考虑系统偏差和随机误差的全球集合预报模式扰动方法提供了科学依据。
基金The National Basic Research Program(973 Program)of China under contract Nos 2011CB403503 and 2011CB403504the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41276024+1 种基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.91228202the National Foundation of the Indian Ocean Opening Voyage Project of China under contract Nos 41149903 and 41049908
文摘Temperature and relative humidity profiles derived from two China-made global positioning system（GPS） radiosondes（GPS-TK and CF-06-A） during the east tropical Indian Ocean（ETIO） experiment were compared with Vaisala RS92-SGP to assess the performances of China-made radiosondes over the tropical ocean.The results show that there have relative large biases in temperature observations between the GPSTK and the RS92-SGP in the low troposphere,with a warm bias of greater than 2 K in the day and a cooling bias of 0.6 K at night.The temperature differences of the CF-06-A were small in the troposphere both in daytime and nighttime,and became large peak-to-peak fluctuations in the stratosphere.The intercomparison of the relative humidity showed that the CF-06-A had large random errors due to the limitation of sensors and the lack of correction scheme,and the GPS-TK had large systematic biases in the low troposphere which might be related to the temperature impact.GPS height measurements are clearly suitable for China-made radiosonde systems operation.At night,the CF-06-A and the GPS-TK could provide virtual potential temperature and atmospheric boundary layer height measurements of suitable quality for both weather and climate research.As a result of the intercomparison experiment,major errors in the Chinamade radiosonde systems were well indentified and subsequently rectified to ensure improving accuracy for historical and future radiosondes.
