A Review on the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary

This paper provides a synthetic review of researches on Meishan Section D, the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary （PTB）. The history of research, geographic and geological setting of the section are briefly introduced. Changhsingian to ＂Griesbachian＂ conodont and ammonoid zonations, the most perfect Permo-Triassic zonations over the world, are presented, with a short discussion on the age of Otoceras, The Changhsingian to ＂Griesbachian＂ strata are subdivided into three 3rd order sequences, and the sedimentary structure of each sequence is indicated. The paper presents a correlation of the Changhsingian to ＂Griesbachian＂ magneetostratigraphy of the Meishan section with the general scale, and informed the negation of a short magnetic reversal at the PTB suggested by Zhu and Liu （1999）. Recent developments of chemostratigraphy of δ^13C and δ^34S are introduced, especially the discovery of more than one negative δ^13C excursions across the PTB. Two important molecular researches reveal the profound changes at the base of eco-system, the microbial catastrophy, and the euxinic conditions in the photic zone during the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event. The paper reports the changes in dating the age of PTB since 2001. According to recent achievements, the age of volcanogenic claybed 25, 14 cm below the PTB, is now set at 252.4±0.3 Ma. A discussion on the eventostratigraphy concludes that, although there is a major event episode at beds 25-26, the events across the PTB at Meishan are multi-episodic and commenced prior to the Event Beds 25-26, thus the possibility that the mass extinction was mainly induced by an exterrestrial impact is largely excluded.

A Candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Precambrian——Cambrian Boundary at Meishucun,Yunnan,China

This paper gives the detail description of Meishucun section , Yunnan , China . By studying biotic characteristics , analyzing isotopic age and comparing with the main Precambrian - Cambrian boundary sections in the world , we construct a global stratotype section and a point for the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary at Meishucun , which are of the convenient assessibility , abundant fossils of diverse groups , continuous sedimentation . perfect outcropping , lock of tectonic and metamorphic alteration , and have been deep studied in all related disciplines of sciences .

Recently Ratified and Proposed Cambrian Global Standard Stratotype-section and Points

This paper briefly summarizes an officially ratified Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point （GSSP） and a proposed GSSP for global stages of the Cambrian System. The Luoyixi section near Luoyixi town, Guzhang, northwestern Hunan is ratified as the boundary stratotype for the base of the global Guzhangian Stage, which is the upmost stage of an unnamed series termed provisionally as Cambrian Series 3. The GSSP position lies 121.3 m above the base of the Huaqiao Formation in the section, coinciding with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite Lejopyge leavigata.The Duibian B section at Duibian village, Jiangshan, western Zhejiang, is proposed as the boundary stratotype for the base of the proposed global Jiangshanian Stage that is the second stage of the Furongian Series. The proposed GSSP position lies 108.12 m above the base of the Huayansi Formation in the section, coinciding with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite Agnostotes orientalius. This horizon is also with the first appearance of the cosmopolitan polymerid trilobite lrvingella angustilimbata.

A Potential Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point of the Moscovian Stage(Carboniferous)

Conodonts and fusulinids are the two most widely used biotic groups for subdividing and correlating Bashkirian and Moscovian strata. The definition of the base of the Global Moscovian Stage is undecided because there are many disagreements among existing boundary definition proposals,each of which has disadvantages. Declinognathodus donetzianus is easily recognized but somewhat limited in its paleogeographic distribution. Idiognathoides postsulcatus is slightly more widespread, but it is less easily identified and its occurrences may be diachronous from region to region. Diplognathodus ellesmerensis is easily recognized and even more widespread, but it is usually rare and its ancestry is not adequately known. The Naqing Section of South Guizhou, South China contains diverse conodont evolutionary lineages among different taxa, including Idiognathoides, Idiognathodus, Diplognathodus,Neognathodus, Gondolella and Mesogondolella. There are numerous transitional forms in almost every lineage of the Naqing section, which shows that the prospects for South China to play a critical role in determining the basal Moscovian Stage definition are good.

Absorption cross section of black holes with global monopole

We study the absorption problem for a massless scalar field propagating in general static spherically-symmetric black holes with a global monopole. The absorption cross section expression is provided using a partial-wave method, which permits us to make an elegant and powerful resummation of the absorption cross section, and to extract the physical information encoded in the sum over the partial-wave contributions.

Evolution of Carbon Isotope Composition in Potential Global Stratotype Section and Point at Luoyixi, South China, for the Base of the Unnamed Global Seventh Stage of Cambrian System

This work deals with the evolution of carbon isotope composition in the Luoyixi （罗依溪） Section, a candidate of the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point （GSSP）, defining the base of the as-yet-undefined seventh stage of Cambrian System at the first appearance of the cosmopolitan agnostoid Lejopyge iaevigata. This level is favored in a vote of International Subcommission on Cambrian Stratigraphy （ISCS） as the biohorizon for defining the base of a global stage. Two hundred and sixty-four samples for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis have been collected from the carbonate successions at an interval of 0.25 to 0.5 m in this section. Results of the carbon isotope data exhibit a remarkable disciplinarian trend. The pattern of the carbon isotope evolution is gently undulant with a relatively long period during the underlying Drumian Stage, and then the values of δ13C fluctuate sharply with a short period in provisional seventh stage. The onset of sharp fluctuation in the δ13C values begins at the proposed GSSP level, defining the base of the global seventh stage, where δ13C values change from a gentle trend to a sharp trend. Distinct covariant-relationships among δ13C,δ18O, and sea level fluctuations suggest that a warming change in paleoclimate took place during the early global seventh stage, which led to a positive shift in δ13C values.

SRTM、Global Mapper及Section在地质勘查中的运用

本文简要介绍了三种软件在地质勘查中的联合运用,主要是提供获取国内外相关地形资料的方法,供大家参考。同时也有助于相关软件在其他行业中的应用。

Changshanian Maximum Flooding Event in China and Its Global Correlation

Various orders of condensed sections are recognized in the Cambrian of North China Carbonate Platform. Study of comparative sedimentology proves that CS4-CS5 in the Changshanian age is the maximum sea flooding sediments in the Cambrian, regardless of the distribution, thickness, internal structure of the condensed section series and K2O abundance. It is a two-layered composite condensed section series, characterized by the enrichment of such elements as K, P, Mn, Ti, Co, V, Cr, Cu, Zr, Ni, Li, Th, La, Ce, Nd, Dy, Y, Sc and Be. The Changshanian maximum flooding event can be correlated on a global scale, and the corresponding sedimentary records are discovered in 26 intercontinental sections in N. Europe, N. America, and Tarim and the Yangtze Platform of China. Through detailed sedimentological research, meter-scale cycle analysis and Fischer plots, it is concluded that the Changshanian maximum flooding was a composite effect of the second-order eustacy superimposed by the third-and fourth-order eustacy, which lasted for 1.2-3 Ma. An intercontinental model of the Changshanian maximum flooding is proposed at the end of this paper.

贵州南部地区中三叠统青岩阶底界附近牙形石生物地层学研究

下—中三叠统界线的划分一直是国际地层学研究中一个有争议的问题。中国西南地区从台地相到盆地相不同类型下—中三叠统地层均较发育 ,为奥仑尼克阶—安尼阶界线层型的研究提供了有利条件。根据贵州望谟甘河桥剖面和贵州省贵阳市青岩剖面牙形石的研究 ,可识别出 6个可与国内外进行对比的牙形石带 ,自下而上分别为 :1N eospathdus cristagalli间隔带 ,2 N eospathodus pakistanensis间隔带 ,3N eospathodus waageni间隔带 ,4 N eospathodus homeri— N . triangularis组合带 ,5 Chiosella timorensis间隔带 ,6 N eogongdolellaregale延限带。在贵阳青岩剖面和望谟甘河桥剖面 ,早—中三叠世存在一个 N eospathodus— Chiosella—N eogongdolella的牙形石演化系列。在这个演化序列中 ,在 N eospathodus homeri— N . triangularis带上部出现N eospathodus homeri和 Chiosella timorensis之间的过渡类型 N eospathodus qingyanensis,表明在下—中三叠统附近牙形石存在较好的演化关系。在贵阳青岩剖面 ,下—中三叠统界线位于紫云组顶面之下 1.5 m处 Chiosellatimorensis带首现的位置 ,在望谟甘河桥剖面 ,下—中三叠统界线位于紫云组顶面之下 0 .5 m处 Chiosella timorensis带首现的位置。依据上述情况 ,本文?

瓜德鲁普统—乐平统全球界线层型剖面沉积相和层序地层

瓜德鲁普统与乐平统的全球界线层型剖面—蓬莱滩剖面及其辅助剖面—铁桥剖面位于广西来宾地区,两剖面沿红水河两岸连续出露,是开展沉积相和层序地层研究的理想剖面。在两剖面的瓜德鲁普统茅口组与乐平统合山组中共识别出14种沉积相,组成4类沉积相组合,分别为盆地相、下斜坡相、上斜坡相和台地边缘相。依据这些沉积相及相组合垂向演化样式和横向分布特征,识别出6个主要的海侵—海退层序(TR),并具有高分辨率牙形石带的约束,分别为:TR1(J.nankingensis zone)、TR2(J.aserrata to J.shannoni zone)、TR3(J.shannoni zone to early C.p.postbitteri zone)、TR4(C.p.postbitteri zone to early C.transcaucasia zone)、TR5(C.transcaucasia zone to C.orientalis zone)和TR6(C.orientalis zone to C.inflecta zone)。基于两剖面的海侵—海退层序,开展了本地区高分辨率(等时)层序古地理恢复,这对厘定这一时期海平面下降、峨眉山玄武岩喷发、生物灭绝等重要事件之间联系可能具有重要的指示意义。

二叠系—三叠系界线全球层型剖面——回顾和进展

综合评述了5年来对二叠系—三叠系界线(PTB)全球层型剖面——煤山D剖面的研究进展。简要介绍剖面的研究历史、地理和地质背景,叙述了世界上最完整的二叠纪长兴期至三叠纪格里斯巴赫期的牙形石和菊石带,并简短讨论了Otoceras的年代。叙述了煤山与其他剖面长兴期至格里斯巴赫期磁性地层学的对比。介绍了δ13C和δ34S的化学地层学最新研究进展,特别是在PTB附近多个δ13C负漂移的发现。两项重要的分子地层学研究显示了基础生态系统的深刻变化——微生物生态系的灾变和在二叠纪—三叠纪生态系之交严重缺氧事件期间透光带的静海相环境。文章报道了自2001年以来PTB年代测定的进展。PTB之下14cm处火山成因的粘土层25层的年代,现在定为(252·4±0·3)Ma(Mundil等,2004)。文章还讨论了事件地层学,认为尽管在25-26层有一个主事件,煤山PTB附近的事件是多幕式的,并且开始于事件层25-26层之前。因此,PTB大绝灭主因是外星撞击导致的可能性是不大的。

基于黄金分割的全局最优化方法

提出了求无约束问题全局最优解的一种直接解法。该方法将经典的0.618由一维推广到了二维,将原算法的适用范围由单峰函数推广到了多峰函数,从而可以求全局最优解,该算法具有结构简单、精度高、对计算机硬件要求低等优点。此外,给出了收敛性证明。仿真结果表明算法是有效的。

多峰函数优化的黄金分割斐波那契树优化算法

针对多峰函数优化问题,基于斐波那契树优化算法,结合黄金分割思想,提出一种黄金分割斐波那契树优化算法.该算法利用斐波那契树优化算法全局局部交替寻优特性,通过在寻优过程中对优化问题解空间进行黄金分割比例压缩,从而提高算法局部搜索能力与小峰值搜索能力.多峰函数优化的仿真结果表明,该算法多峰优化能力强、速度快、精度高.

基于GPS数据及车辆运行特性分析的单车路段行程时间估计

针对现有的基于浮动车单车路段行程时间估计方法的不足,提出了一种基于GPS数据及车辆运行特性分析的单车路段行程时间估计方法。该方法主要进行了3个方面的改进:①对地图匹配模块中节点附近GPS点采用了相邻点联合匹配的方法,提高了匹配的效率;②针对不同情况下车辆在边界点前后运行特性的不同,对车辆通过边界点时间进行相应处理,提高了车辆通过路段边界点时间的估计精度;③对车辆个体在运行中因受到干扰而停车现象进行了分析,并对干扰停车予以有效剔除,降低了估计中车辆个体行为对估计结果准确性的影响。最后用出租车GPS实验数据进行了验证,结果证明了本文方法的有效性。

油气运移受力分析全球观

全球化时代要求人们认识世界以全球观。特别是我国的油气生产管理部门,为了解决国民生产总值连续多年高速度发展带来的油气安全问题,认识全球油气具有分带性的特点,在世界范围内进行油气勘探与开发,有利于获取更大的经济效益。地球的强中纬力是影响地球范围最广的作用力之一,它不仅是形成大洋环流、大气环流的重要作用力,也是影响地下油气运移的重要作用力之一,受强中纬力影响,全球油气受力大小具有区带性。全球油气的受力作用可以分为5个区带。

中国晚寒武世长山期最大海泛事件及其全球对比意义

在华北地台寒武-奥陶系层序地层研究中发现了不同层序中的海绿石质凝缩层。长山期最大海泛凝缩层系以富钾海绿右的双层结构复合层系为特征,富集多种金属元素和磷、锰、K_2O为特点。长山期海泛事件具有全球对比意义。笔者已在北欧,北美及亚洲26个洲际剖面点发现了长山事件记录。详细的比较沉积学、微相、米级旋回和Fischer图解研究均证明长山期最大海泛事件系起因干二级与三、四级海平面变化周期复合叠加作用,形成时限为1.2-3Ma,最后提出长山期全球海泛事件的洲际模式。

川东地区二叠纪-三叠纪界线地层地质与地球化学特征

PTB界线是地学界长期以来讨论最热烈、最前缘的科学问题和研究热点之一。以华蓥山涧水沟和重庆尖刀山2个PTB界线地层剖面为例,按生物演化过程和沉积相特征,将剖面中的PTB界线地层划分为生物富集层、生物绝灭层和生物萧条层3个生物演替层组,从中识别出生物地层PTB(B)界线和岩石地层PTB(R)界线2种性质的PTB界线,其中位于下部的PTB(B)界线以Hindeodus parvus牙形石首现为标志,上部的PTB(R)界线以古暴露面和暴露面两侧岩性、岩相突变的沉积超覆面为标志,两者相距约4.56 m,分别为3个生物演替层的组分界线。P—T之交发生的所有海平面下降、生物绝灭、火山喷发及晚二叠世晚期正常海向早三叠世早期文石海转化等复杂地质事件,都发生在此2个不同性质的PTB界线之间。Fe、Mn、Sr微量元素和C、O、Sr稳定同位素地球化学特征的规律性变化与相关控制因素,也都出现在此2个PTB界线之间,与PTB界线地层中所出现的各种复杂地质事件有良好的对应关系和沉积学响应特征。

工形截面钢拱考虑腹板局部屈曲的承载力设计方法研究

把工形截面钢拱的腹板做高做薄是提高其承载力的有效方法之一。该文采用大挠度弹塑性壳单元模型,研究焊接工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱在允许腹板局部屈曲条件下的平面内稳定承载力及其设计方法,其中考虑钢拱几何初始缺陷和残余应力的影响。首先,对钢拱在均匀轴压力作用下的承载力和破坏机理进行有限元数值分析和参数研究,考察拱截面腹板高厚比、钢拱几何长细比、截面翼缘腹板板厚比和翼缘宽厚比对钢拱稳定系数的影响。在设定的钢拱翼缘宽厚比范围内,基于大量的钢拱承载力数值分析结果,提炼出腹板高厚比和翼缘腹板板厚比组合效应的等效正则化腹板高厚比,进而获得钢拱稳定系数与等效正则化腹板高厚比以及钢拱正则化长细比之间关系的计算公式。其次,研究压弯组合作用下钢拱腹板高厚比变化对钢拱整体稳定承载力的影响,揭示钢拱压弯组合作用下的破坏机理及稳定承载力。最后通过对大量钢拱算例进行不同压弯组合工况下的极限承载力分析,提出了钢拱在一般荷载或组合荷载作用下承载力设计的计算公式。

石炭纪维宪阶全球界线层型剖面和点位补遗

经国际地质科学联合会批准,我国广西柳州北岸乡碰冲剖面为石炭纪维宪阶全球界线层型剖面和点位。层型剖面位于柳州市东北15 km之碰冲村南小溪(24°26′N,109°27′E)。层型点位在剖面83层之底,与底栖有孔虫"E.ovalis种群"至Eoparastaffella simplex谱系中Eoparastaffella simplex的首次出现吻合。辅助标志是点位之上近5m处,牙形石Gnathodus homopunctatus首现,其下约30 m为Scaliognathus anchoralis europensis的最高出现。本文补充介绍了层型点位的岩石特征和区域上的对比。

全球寒武系第4阶国际层型剖面及点位(GSSP)研究的进展

赵元龙研究团队以贵州剑河交榜杷榔组剖面为依据,结合其下变马冲组及其上“清虚洞组”于2010年起进行了长达10多年的寒武系第4阶地层、层序地层、碳硫同位素等学科的研究,取得了明显的进展,建立了3个三叶虫带及1个三叶虫层位、2个疑源类组合带,初步确定首现于杷榔组底部的Oryctocerella duyunensis为第4阶首现三叶虫。疑源类、碳硫同位素等变化曲线与此基本一致。并与北格林兰Henson Gletscher地层进行了对比,将视剑河交榜杷榔组剖面为潜在的寒武系第4阶国际层型剖面及点位(GSSP),将继续进行深入研究。