The production and trade of primary products had a growing impact on the economic security of all countries and regions,and the strategic position of these products in the global trade network was becoming increasingl...The production and trade of primary products had a growing impact on the economic security of all countries and regions,and the strategic position of these products in the global trade network was becoming increasingly prominent.Based on complex network theory,this paper explored the spatial pattern and complex structural evolution of the global primary product trade network(GPPTN)during 1985-2015 by using index methods,such as centrality,Sankey diagram,and structure entropy,focusing on the diversified spatial structure of China’s import and export markets for primary products(with exceptions of Taiwan of China,Hong Kong of China,and Macao of China due to a lack of data)and their geographical implications for China’s energy security.The research offered the following key findings.The GPPTN showed an obvious spatial heterogeneity pattern,and the area of import consumption was more concentrated;however,the overall trend was decentralized.The trade center of gravity shifted eastwards and reflected the rise of emerging markets.The overall flow of the GPPTN was from west to east and from south to north.In terms of the community detection of the GPPTN,North America,Europe,and Asia increasingly presented an unbalanced“tripartite confrontation”.China’s exports of primary products were mainly concentrated in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)and other peripheral regions of Asia,and its imports undergone a major transformation,gradually expanding from the peripheral regions of Asia to Africa,the Middle East,Latin America,and other parts of the world.Energy fuels also became the largest imported primary products.Based on the changing trend of structural entropy and main market share,the analysis showed that the stable supply of China’s energy diversification was gradually realized.In particular,the cooperation dividend proposed by the Belt and Road initiative became an important turning point and a strong support for the expansion of China’s energy market diversification pattern and guarantee of energy security.展开更多
Under global production network,export cannot represent a country's gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of export after deducting the input of intermediate goods and re-exp...Under global production network,export cannot represent a country's gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of export after deducting the input of intermediate goods and re-export after value-added return.Ownership-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of territory-based gains from trade after further deducting the trade in value added(TVA) realized through the inflow of foreign factors.By creating a multicountry input and output model,this paper calculates the territory-based gains from trade,ownership-based gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's export,as well as valueadded return and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's import.This paper has arrived at the following conclusions:behind China's status as the largest goods exporting country in the world,most of Chinese exports contribute to the gains of foreign countries;value addition for foreign countries realized through China's export and value-added return realized through China's import mostly come from Taiwan region,Japan and South Korea in East Asia;a considerable part of gains from trade for the United States realized through China-US trade is achieved through indirect trade.展开更多
基金financially supported by the MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences, China (20YJCZH057)the Hubei Province Social Science Fund General Project, China (2021147)the Xiangyang City Science and Technology Planning Project, Hubei Province, China (2021rkx04)
文摘The production and trade of primary products had a growing impact on the economic security of all countries and regions,and the strategic position of these products in the global trade network was becoming increasingly prominent.Based on complex network theory,this paper explored the spatial pattern and complex structural evolution of the global primary product trade network(GPPTN)during 1985-2015 by using index methods,such as centrality,Sankey diagram,and structure entropy,focusing on the diversified spatial structure of China’s import and export markets for primary products(with exceptions of Taiwan of China,Hong Kong of China,and Macao of China due to a lack of data)and their geographical implications for China’s energy security.The research offered the following key findings.The GPPTN showed an obvious spatial heterogeneity pattern,and the area of import consumption was more concentrated;however,the overall trend was decentralized.The trade center of gravity shifted eastwards and reflected the rise of emerging markets.The overall flow of the GPPTN was from west to east and from south to north.In terms of the community detection of the GPPTN,North America,Europe,and Asia increasingly presented an unbalanced“tripartite confrontation”.China’s exports of primary products were mainly concentrated in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)and other peripheral regions of Asia,and its imports undergone a major transformation,gradually expanding from the peripheral regions of Asia to Africa,the Middle East,Latin America,and other parts of the world.Energy fuels also became the largest imported primary products.Based on the changing trend of structural entropy and main market share,the analysis showed that the stable supply of China’s energy diversification was gradually realized.In particular,the cooperation dividend proposed by the Belt and Road initiative became an important turning point and a strong support for the expansion of China’s energy market diversification pattern and guarantee of energy security.
基金the outcome of major program of the National Social Sciences Foundation Research on the Upgraded Objectives and Strategic Innovation for the Transformation and Development of Major Trading Nations(Grant No.13&ZD048)
文摘Under global production network,export cannot represent a country's gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of export after deducting the input of intermediate goods and re-export after value-added return.Ownership-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of territory-based gains from trade after further deducting the trade in value added(TVA) realized through the inflow of foreign factors.By creating a multicountry input and output model,this paper calculates the territory-based gains from trade,ownership-based gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's export,as well as valueadded return and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's import.This paper has arrived at the following conclusions:behind China's status as the largest goods exporting country in the world,most of Chinese exports contribute to the gains of foreign countries;value addition for foreign countries realized through China's export and value-added return realized through China's import mostly come from Taiwan region,Japan and South Korea in East Asia;a considerable part of gains from trade for the United States realized through China-US trade is achieved through indirect trade.
