Probabilistic Analysis of Slope Using Finite Element Approach and Limit Equilibrium Approach around Amalpata Landslide of West Central, Nepal

The stability study of the ongoing and recurring Amalpata landslide in Baglung in Nepal’s Gandaki Province is presented in this research. The impacted slope is around 200 meters high, with two terraces that have different slope inclinations. The lower bench, located above the basement, consistently fails and sets others up for failure. The fluctuating water level of the slope, which travels down the slope masses, exacerbates the slide problem. The majority of these rocks are Amalpata landslide area experiences several structural disruptions. The area’s stability must be evaluated in order to prevent and control more harm from occurring to the nearby agricultural land and people living along the slope. The slopes’ failures increase the damages of house existing in nearby area and the erosion of the slope. Two modeling techniques the finite element approach and the limit equilibrium method were used to simulate the slope. The findings show that, in every case, the terrace above the basement is where the majority of the stress is concentrated, with a safety factor of near unity. Using probabilistic slope stability analysis, the failure probability was predicted to be between 98.90% and 100%.

A global-local finite element analysis of hybrid composite-to-metal bolted connections used in aerospace engineering

Efficient bolted joint design is an essential part of designing the minimum weight aerospace structures, since structural failures usually occur at connections and interface. A comprehensive numerical study of three-dimensional(3D) stress variations is prohibitively expensive for a large-scale structure where hundreds of bolts can be present. In this work, the hybrid composite-to-metal bolted connections used in the upper stage of European Ariane 5ME rocket are analyzed using the global-local finite element(FE) approach which involves an approximate analysis of the whole structure followed by a detailed analysis of a significantly smaller region of interest. We calculate the Tsai-Wu failure index and the margin of safety using the stresses obtained from ABAQUS. We find that the composite part of a hybrid bolted connection is prone to failure compared to the metal part. We determine the bolt preload based on the clamp-up load calculated using a maximum preload to make the composite part safe. We conclude that the unsuitable bolt preload may cause the failure of the composite part due to the high stress concentration in the vicinity of the bolt. The global-local analysis provides an efficient computational tool for enhancing 3D stress analysis in the highly loaded region.

Global-Local Finite Element Analysis for Predicting Separation in Cord-Rubber Composites of Radial Truck Tires

A global-local finite element modeling technique is employed in this paper to predict the separation in steel cord-rubber composite materials of radial truck tires. The local model uses a finite element analysis in conjunction with a glob-al-local technique in ABAQUS. A 3-dimensional finite element local model calculates the maximum cyclic shear strain of an interface between steel cord and rubber materials at the carcass ply shoulder region. It is found that the maximum cyclic shear strain is reliable as a result of the analysis of carcass ply separation in radial truck tires. Using the analysis of the local model, a study of the cyclic shear strain is performed in the shoulder region and used to deter-mine the carcass ply separation. The effect of the change of carcass ply design on the separation in steel cord-rubber composite materials of radial truck tires is discussed.

On the Approaching Domain Obtained by Finite Element Method

The use of finite element method leads to replacing the initial domain by an approaching domain. Under some appropriate assumptions, we prove that there exists a W1,+∞-diffeomorphism from the original domain to the approaching domain.

A 3-Node Co-Rotational Triangular Finite Element for Non-Smooth,Folded and Multi-Shell Laminated Composite Structures

Based on the first-order shear deformation theory,a 3-node co-rotational triangular finite element formulation is developed for large deformation modeling of non-smooth,folded and multi-shell laminated composite structures.The two smaller components of the mid-surface normal vector of shell at a node are defined as nodal rotational variables in the co-rotational local coordinate system.In the global coordinate system,two smaller components of one vector,together with the smallest or second smallest component of another vector,of an orthogonal triad at a node on a non-smooth intersection of plates and/or shells are defined as rotational variables,whereas the two smaller components of the mid-surface normal vector at a node on the smooth part of the plate or shell(away from non-smooth intersections)are defined as rotational variables.All these vectorial rotational variables can be updated in an additive manner during an incremental solution procedure,and thus improve the computational efficiency in the nonlinear solution of these composite shell structures.Due to the commutativity of all nodal variables in calculating of the second derivatives of the local nodal variables with respect to global nodal variables,and the second derivatives of the strain energy functional with respect to local nodal variables,symmetric tangent stiffness matrices in local and global coordinate systems are obtained.To overcome shear locking,the assumed transverse shear strains obtained from the line-integration approach are employed.The reliability and computational accuracy of the present 3-node triangular shell finite element are verified through modeling two patch tests,several smooth and non-smooth laminated composite shells undergoing large displacements and large rotations.

Review: Recent Developments in the Non-Probabilistic Finite Element Analysis

Generally, the finite element analysis of a structure is completed under deterministic inputs.However,uncertainties corresponding to geometrical dimensions,material properties, boundary conditions cannot be neglected in engineering applications. The probabilistic methods are the most popular techniques to handle these uncertain parameters but subjective results could be obtained if insufficient information is unavailable. Non-probabilistic methods can be alternatively employed,which has led to the procedures for nonprobabilistic finite element analysis. Each non-probabilistic finite element analysis method consists of two individual parts,including the core algorithm and pre-processing procedure. In this context,three types of algorithms and two typical pre-processing procedures as well as their effectiveness are described in detail,based on which novel hybrid algorithms can be conceived for the specific problems and the future work in this research field can be fostered.

A New Rectangular Finite Element Formulation Based on Higher Order Displacement Theory for Thick and Thin Composite and Sandwich Plates

A new displacement based higher order element has been formulated that is ideally suitable for shear deformable composite and sandwich plates. Suitable functions for displacements and rotations for each node have been selected so that the element shows rapid convergence, an excellent response against transverse shear loading and requires no shear correction factors. It is completely lock-free and behaves extremely well for thin to thick plates. To make the element rapidly convergent and to capture warping effects for composites, higher order displacement terms in the displacement kinematics have been considered for each node. The element has eleven degrees of freedom per node. Shear deformation has also been considered in the formulation by taking into account shear strains ( rxz and ryz) as nodal unknowns. The element is very simple to formulate and could be coded up in research software. A small Fortran code has been developed to implement the element and various examples of isotropic and composite plates have been analyzed to show the effectiveness of the element.

有限元法预测颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合螺钉置入位置对内固定稳定性的影响

背景:在颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合过程中,螺钉放置角度会影响内固定系统的稳定性。目的:有限元分析法预测不同螺钉放置角度对颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合过程中内固定系统应力的影响,寻找螺钉最佳放置角度。方法:采用三维重建法建立颈椎力学模型,模拟颈椎侧弯、直立和前屈等3种不同的工况。在SolidWorks 2017软件中,建立颈椎前路钢板和螺钉模型,根据螺钉的不同放置角度建模,a为内侧偏移,b为理想位置,c为外侧偏移,d为向下偏移,e为向上偏移。观察不同螺钉放置角度下内固定的应力分布,并记录其应力和位移。结果与结论:①构建全颈椎及前路钢板置入后的有限元模型,在相同工况下,钢板上螺钉的不同置入角度对脊柱生物力学改变无明显差别;②但微观数值显示,在侧弯工况下,向外偏移(c)螺钉位置的抗侧弯性能最好;在直立工况下,向下偏移(d)螺钉承载效果最好;在反屈工况下,向外偏移(c)螺钉抗屈效果最好;③在不同的运动工况下,内固定装置的固定效果是相对稳定的;当螺钉向内侧、外侧、向下或向上放置时,3种工况下的内固定效果相差10%,但位移变化较小;这说明在临床实际操作中同时满足承重、抗弯、抗屈的最佳螺钉位置是不存在的;④提示颈椎前路间盘切除融合术中钢板螺钉的置入方向对颈椎的力学稳定性影响不大;在颈椎侧屈、直立、前屈运动时,不同方向的螺钉角度对颈椎内固定装置的稳定性影响不大;因此在临床手术中无需刻意追求螺钉的置入方向。

几何参数对加筋圆柱壳轴压屈曲折减因子的影响

加筋圆柱壳广泛应用于航天运载器结构中。受制造工艺影响,实际产品总是存在无法避免的几何缺陷,导致实际航天运载器结构的轴压承载力远低于理论解,需要引入一个0-1之间的折减因子乘上理论解来进行修正,令理论解在保证安全的同时尽可能接近实验值。当结构的几何参数在设计迭代过程中调整时,折减因子的值也可能会随之改变。厘清折减因子随结构几何参数发生改变时的变化规律,有助于便捷、准确地得到合适的折减因子值,从而保证结构安全、降低重量、缩短设计周期。介绍了基于边界扰动载荷法的实现过程,针对主要分析参数进行了收敛性考察,明确了分析参数的选取原则。基于该方法研究了结构的典型参数发生变化时折减因子相应的变化规律。结果表明,折减因子随蒙皮厚度的增加而线性增加,随纵筋截面面积的增加而线性减小,即蒙皮厚度越大、纵筋越是低而薄,则折减因子值越大、结构的缺陷敏感性也越低,而壳体高度的变化则对折减因子没有显著影响。

基于隔离非线性法-黏弹性人工边界的结构高效抗震分析方法

黏弹性人工边界是解决土-结构动力相互作用问题的有效手段之一,但其在分析过程中通常需要进行大量的非线性动力时程计算,效率较低。建立采用黏弹性人工边界求解土-结构动力相互作用问题控制方程求解的高效计算方法,为此,引入隔离非线性法高效求解思想,构造基于隔离非线性法-黏弹性人工边界的非线性土-结构动力相互作用分析模型,推导的动力控制方程在形式上与固定边界的隔离非线性动力控制方程基本一致,仅需将黏弹性人工边界的弹簧-阻尼器元件的刚度直接集成到近场土-结构模型的初始刚度矩阵与阻尼矩阵上即可。此外,结合Woodbury公式与组合近似法提出了改进Woodbury近似法,该改进方法能同时降低控制方程求解的时间复杂度与空间复杂度,实现了黏弹性人工边界求解土-结构动力相互作用问题动力控制方程的高效求解。研究方法同时保留了黏弹性人工边界与隔离非线性法的优点,数值算例验证了所提方法的正确性与高效性。

A Goal-Oriented Adaptive Finite Element Method for 3D Resistivity Modeling Using Dual-Error Weighting Approach

A goal-oriented adaptive finite element（FE） method for solving 3D direct current（DC） resistivity modeling problem is presented. The model domain is subdivided into unstructured tetrahedral elements that allow for efficient local mesh refinement and flexible description of complex models. The elements that affect the solution at each receiver location are adaptively refined according to a goal-oriented posteriori error estimator using dual-error weighting approach. The FE method with adapting mesh can easily handle such structures at almost any level of complexity. The method is demonstrated on two synthetic resistivity models with analytical solutions and available results from integral equation method, so the errors can be quantified. The applicability of the numerical method is illustrated on a resistivity model with a topographic ridge. Numerical examples show that this method is flexible and accurate for geometrically complex situations.

Effects of surface finish and treatment on the fatigue behaviour of vibrating cylinder block using frequency response approach

This paper presents the effects of surface finish and treatment on the high cycle fatigue behaviour of vibrating cylinder block of a new two-stroke free piston engine at complex variable amplitude loading conditions using frequency response approach. Finite element modelling and frequency response analysis was conducted using finite element analysis software Package MSC.PATRAN/MSC.NASTRAN and fatigue life prediction was carded out using MSC.FATIGUE software. Based on the finite element results, different frequency response approach was applied to predict the cylinder block fatigue life. Results for different load histories and material combinations are also discussed. Results indicated great effects for all surface finish and treatment. It is concluded that polished and cast surface finish conditions give the highest and lowest cylinder block lives, respectively; and that Nitrided treatment leads to longest cylinder block life. The results were used to draw contour plots of fatigue life and damage in the worst or most damaging case.

Determination of residual stress distribution combining slot milling method and finite element approach

Residual stress plays a vital role in the structural strength and stability. The determination of residual stress at single-point has become mature at present. However, the method to determine residual stress distribution is still in shortage. For this problem, a finite element approach combined with slot milling method was developed in this study. In the method, firstly a slot is milled on the specimen surface to release the residual stress and then the released displacement field is measured by optical method, such as digital image correlation （DIC）, finally the finite element approach is used to determine the residual stress distribution along the slot. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, it was applied to study the residual stress introduced by shot peening, mainly about the stress distribution along the direction vertical to the shot peened surface. Since the influence depth of shot peening was too small, we utilized focused ion beam （FIB） to determine the microscale residual stress distribution. The result measured by X-ray diffraction （XRD） demonstrated that the method was feasible to determine the residual stress distribution.

FORMULATION OF A SEMI-ANALYTICAL APPROACH BASEDON GURTIN VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE FOR DYNAMICRESPONSE OF GENERAL THIN PLATES

4 semi-analytical approach for the dynamic response of general thin plates whichemployes finite element discretization in space domain and a series of representation intime demain is developed on the basis of Curtin variational principles.The formulationof time series is also investigated so that the dynamic response of plates with arbitraryshape and boundary constraints can be achieved with adequate accuracy.

On Ductile Damage Modelling of Heterogeneous Material Using Second-Order Homogenization Approach

The paper deals with the numerical modelling of ductile damage responses in heterogeneous materials using the classical second-order homogenization approach.The scale transition methodology in the multiscale framework is described.The structure at the macrolevel is discretized by the triangular C^(1) finite elements obeying nonlocal continuum theory,while the discretization of microstructural volume element at the microscale is conducted by means of the mixed type quadrilateral finite element with the nonlocal equivalent plastic strain as an additional nodal variable.The ductile damage evolution at the microlevel is modelled by using the gradient enhanced elastoplasticity.The macrolevel softening is governed by two criterions expressed by the increase in homogenized damage variable and the threshold of the local equivalent strain.The softening at each material point at the macrolevel is detected by the critical value of the homogenized damage,where homogenization of the damage variable is performed onlywithin softening area.Due to the nonlocal continuumtheory applied,a realistic softening behaviour is demonstrated after the damage initiation,compared to the widely used first-order homogenization approach.All algorithms derived have been embedded into the finite element code ABAQUS by means of the user subroutines and verified on the standard benchmark problems.The damage evolution at both microlevel and macrolevel has been demonstrated.

局部有限寿命疲劳约束条件下的结构拓扑优化方法

拓扑优化方法为工程结构抗疲劳性能的改善提供了有效的设计策略,为了减少大规模局部疲劳约束引起的计算代价,往往采用P范数方法将其凝聚成全局约束,但是,满足这类弱约束的最优解与原问题的最优解存在间隙。为了精确满足局部疲劳约束和降低约束数量,采用增广拉格朗日方法将原问题处理为无约束问题,提出局部有限寿命疲劳约束条件下的结构拓扑优化方法。考虑变幅值的比例载荷作用,采用Palmgren-Miner线性损伤假设和Sines疲劳准则评价材料点的疲劳强度,以局部疲劳性能为约束条件,建立结构的轻量化设计模型,采用全局收敛移动渐近线算法求解局部疲劳约束下的结构拓扑优化问题。另外,将非结构化多边形网格技术融入到拓扑优化模型,实现复杂几何边界结构的抗疲劳轻量化设计。数值算例结果表明,与P范数方法的优化结果相比,局部疲劳约束条件下的优化结构具有更优的抗疲劳性能和更少的材料用量,因而考虑局部疲劳约束有益于材料的充分利用和结构抗疲劳性能的改善。

单侧与双侧入路植入骨填充网袋治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的有限元分析与应用

背景:骨填充网袋植入治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折具有显著的疗效,从手术时间、骨水泥侧漏情况、术中人员受辐射次数等方面考虑,选择单侧入路更佳,但没有研究从生物力学角度比较单侧与双侧骨填充网袋植入的效果,缺乏一定的理论数据支持。目的:探讨单侧与双侧入路植入骨填充网袋治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的生物力学特点和临床效果。方法:①建立有限元模型,模拟单侧和双侧入路植入骨填充网袋治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,在400 N竖直向下的加载力和7.5 N·m弯矩载荷作用时,对比两组4种工况下胸腰段整体有限元模型的位移和应力变化。②回顾性分析武汉市普仁医院2018年1月至2020年8月收治的99例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,其中接受单侧入路植入骨填充网袋治疗49例,接受双侧入路植入骨填充网袋治疗50例,分析两组患者的骨水泥渗漏率、目测类比评分和脊柱侧弯角变化。结果与结论:①有限元模型:两入路组在轴向、前屈、左侧弯和左旋转状态下的最大位移比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),在轴向、前屈、左侧弯和左旋转状态下的最大应力比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);②临床试验:单、双侧入路组骨水泥渗漏率分别为12%,16%,两组患者术后6个月的目测类比评分与脊柱侧弯角度均较术前明显改善(P<0.001),两组间术后6个月的目测类比评分与脊柱侧弯角度比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);③从生物力学和临床疗效角度来讲,单侧入路植入骨填充网袋较双侧入路植入骨填充网袋治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的效果更佳。

喷丸弹坑应力场演变的相似性实验与仿真模拟

运用ANSYS动力学模块建立单弹坑、双弹坑交叠模型和三弹坑互交模型,分析材料表面在弹丸作用下的动态塑变过程和弹坑形变与应力场分布规律。鉴于实际弹坑无法直接测试,实验基于相似原则,放大弹丸和坑型尺度,通过X射线衍射(XRD)表面应力测试获得弹坑应力分布,将结果归一化处理后与喷丸仿真下弹坑应力分布规律进行对比。结果表明:相似性实验结果与仿真结果具有较好的一致性;单弹坑内呈压应力分布,应力大小与形变量直接相关,从坑沿到凹陷最深处,应力强度逐渐增大;1/4d(d为弹丸直径)偏置模型中,弹丸依次撞击靶材,弹坑重叠区域应力分布表现为新的塑性变形导致原有的弹坑受挤压而产生变形,进而使得原有弹坑的应力松弛了68.2%,因此整体上喷丸后弹坑应力分布状况随着重叠区和凹陷区呈现波纹状起伏。研究认为,弹丸重叠撞击起到均化材料表面应力的作用。

基于卷积神经网络的钢桥面板疲劳裂纹识别方法研究

为准确识别钢桥面板在车辆反复荷载作用下产生的疲劳裂纹,构建了一种用于Lamb导波信号分析和疲劳裂纹扩展尺寸识别的卷积神经网络方法。该方法先用小波函数对导波信号进行卷积处理,获取导波特征,然后对时域参数和频域参数进行优化,最后运用全连接网络对导波特征与先验性裂纹尺寸信息进行学习,实现疲劳裂纹扩展过程中的裂纹尺寸智能识别。以某大跨度钢箱梁斜拉桥钢桥面板的疲劳裂纹扩展过程监测为背景,通过数值模拟和实桥测试,并与小波变换法和傅里叶变换法进行对比,验证该方法的有效性和优越性。结果表明:卷积神经网络方法提取得到的导波特征随裂纹尖端扩展的变化趋势具有明显且稳定的规律性,裂纹扩展长度识别结果与裂纹真实值之间的识别误差均在1 mm内。卷积神经网络方法适用于工程实测中导波信号处理分析,可在钢桥面板裂纹监测中推广应用。