Effects of Glosses and Involvement Loads on Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition

The present study aims at exploring the effects of different glosses and involvement loads on incidental vocabulary acquisition among non-English majors.It investigates whether glosses and involvement load would have an effect on the learners’immediate word gain and promote their word knowledge retention.The experiment chooses 96 non-English freshmen at a university in Si Chuan Province.Results indicate that Translation task with multiple-choice glosses is the most effective,and reading comprehension task with single glosses is the worst.

基于语义上下文感知的文本数据增强方法研究

在文本分类任务中,数据的质量和数量对分类模型的性能有着重要影响,而在现实场景中获取大规模标记数据往往是昂贵和困难的。数据增强作为一种解决数据匮乏问题的低成本方法,已在各种深度学习和机器学习任务中取得了显著效果。由于文本语言具有离散性,在语义保留的条件下进行数据增强具有一定困难。因此,提出基于语义上下文感知的数据增强方法,采用由WordNet 3.0中的词义定义(Gloss)和预训练模型BERT进行整合的Gloss选择模型,进一步识别上下文中目标词(尤其是多义词)的实际词义;然后根据下一个句子预测策略,将目标词的实际词义与被遮盖目标词的句子结合为一个句子对,使用掩码语言模型对句子对进行预测采样;最后计算语义文本相似度,并在三个基准分类数据集上对文中方法进行验证。实验结果表明,提出的方法在语义保留条件下,与选取的基线数据增强方法相比,在三个数据集的平均准确率指标上都有所提升,证明了文中方法的有效性。

Review of Effects of Glosses on Incidental Vocabulary Learning and Reading Comprehension

词汇学习是语言学习的基础。Hunt and Beglar(1998)将能促进词汇学习的方法分为三种:附带学习、直接学习和独立策略学习。三种方法中,词汇附带学习被认为是二语词汇习得的一个基本的部分。许多研究证明了注释对词汇附带学习和阅读理解的有效性。本文总结并分析了近年来有关注释对词汇附带习得和阅读理解的研究成果,并指出了其中的不足,提出了未来研究的方向。

Cucumber glossy fruit 1 (CsGLF1) encodes the zinc finger protein 6 that regulates fruit glossiness by enhancing cuticular wax biosynthesis

Cucumber glossiness is an important visual quality trait that affects consumer choice.Accumulating evidence suggests that glossy trait is associated with cuticular wax accumulation.However,the molecular genetic mechanism controlling cucumber glossiness remains largely unknown.Here,we report the map-based cloning and functional characterization of CsGLF1,a locus that determines the glossy trait in cucumber.CsGLF1 encodes a homolog of the Cys_(2)His_(2)-like fold group(C2H2)-type zinc finger protein 6(ZFP6)and its deletion leads to glossier pericarp and decreased cuticular wax accumulation.Consistently,transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that a group of wax biosynthetic genes were downregulated when CsZFP6 was absent.Further,transient expression assay revealed that CsZFP6 acted as a transcription activator of cuticular wax biosynthetic genes.Taken together,our findings demonstrated a novel regulator of fruit glossiness,which will provide new insights into regulatory mechanism of fruit glossiness in cucumber.

Physical,Anatomical,and Photochemical Analyses of Some ExoticWood Species Submitted to Heat Treatment

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on decorative properties including glossiness,color coordinates including lightness(L),blue-yellow(b^(*))and red-green(a^(*)),hardness(shore-D)morphological characterization and thermal properties of some exotic wood species.Heat treatment of anigre(Aningeria altissima),cedrorana(Cedrelinga catenaeformis),cemara(Casuarina sumatrana)and coronilla(Scutia buxifolia)wood materials were performed in an oven with a programmable controller at 210°C for 3 h.The obtained samples were conditioned in a climate cabin and the decorative properties,morphological characterization with scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and thermal properties with thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA)of the obtained samples were determined.The test results showed that color got darker with heat treatment,specifically L and b^(*)decreased,and a^(*)increased for anigre and cedrorana but a^(*)decreased for cemara and coronilla.The glossiness for all samples generally increased from 20°to 85°but heat treatment decreased the glossiness.The density generally decreased with heat treatment and decrease ratio in the density was found to be in range from 5.6%to 10.6%.According to the SEM analysis,some cracks,pit aspiration and layer decomposition in the micro level of the wood structure were detected.TGA showed that heat treatment makes thermally more stable wood.As a result,it can be said that heat treatment improved the decorative properties of the exotic wood.

A study on light-aging resistance of instrument panel materials and bumper materials on the automobile

The light-aging test method commonly used in the automotive industry is utilized to carry out light- aging research on automotive instrument panel （IP） materials and bumper materials. On one hand, the impacts of common light-aging test methods on aging degree of automotive component materials are reviewed; on the other hand, the light-aging resistances of different component materials are compared. The results show that, for light-aging behavior of IP materials, the aging degree of the third test method is not severer than that of the second method, but it is severer than that of the first method. The light-aging resistance of IP material A is al- most the same as that of IP material B. With reference to light-aging behavior of bumper materials, the aging de- gree of three common test methods indicates that the aging degree of the sixth test method is not severer than that of the fourth method, but it is severer than that of the fifth method. The light-aging resistance of bumper material D is superior to that of bumper material C.

Investigation of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Stainless Steel Surface and Their Effect on the Appearance Aspects of the Alloy Surface

Stainless steel alloy SS-304 is widely used in many engineering applications primarily for its excellent corrosion resistance, ease of fabrication and aesthetic appeal. Many kitchen appliances are made from SS-304 alloy because of its durability, ease of cleaning and beautiful finish. However, over the years of continuous usage and cleaning by detergent bar and abrasive clothes the initial brightness and shine of the plates and dishes undergo considerable degradation. In this work, we report the results of a thorough investigation of the physico-chemical characteristics of the surface regions of both new and old SS-304 plates of known history of continuous usage to identify the key physical and chemical factors that are responsible for the loss of shine. Several analytical techniques viz. SEM/EDX, AFM, XPS, XRD, Reflectance FTIR, Profilometry and Reflectance spectrometry in the visible region have been used for experimental investigation of surface structure, morphology, roughness profile, chemical composition and appearance measurements of several steel samples. In addition, glossmeter has been used to measure the gloss of the samples at certain specific angles. It seems that surface roughness is one of the key physical parameters that play an important role in the reduction of brightness and shine. The other parameter is the presence of a thin surface film on the steel surface. In order to analyze the experimental data and to predict the shine and brightness phenomena quantitatively, we have used Fresnel’s theory to compute first the reflectance from each component of SS-304 alloy assuming it to be a smooth surface and then extended it to compute the reflectance of the alloy surface (SS-304). In order to interpret the reflectance from old and used plates, we have further used Beckmann’s theory of light scattering from random rough surface to analyze and predict the appearance aspects of the alloy surface quantitatively. Both the experimental and computed results show good agreement, thus validating the reflectance model used for computing the reflectance from SS-304 alloy surface and the appropriateness of Beckmann’s model of random rough surface.

Human Sebaceous <i>Cis</i>-6-Hexadecenoic Acid: Possible Application of an Innate Antimicrobial Substance to Cosmetic Products for Mucous Membrane

The antimicrobial properties of cis-6-hexadecenoic acid (C16:1Δ6), a component of the innate human metabolome, were studied and its application to cosmetic products was investigated in detail. A variety of the resident and transient microbial flora of the skin, oral cavity, and intestine was applied to an investigation of the antimicrobial activity of C16:1Δ6. C16:1Δ6 showed selective antibacterial activity against human microbial pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens (one of the most common causes of food poisoning) and Streptococcus mutans (one of the tooth-decaying bacteria), as well as Staphylococcus aureus. C16:1Δ6 seemed to possess a “species-selective” antibacterial activity against bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Clostridium. We performed a preliminary assessment of the application of C16:1Δ6 as an antimicrobial component in a liquid lip gloss by performing preservation efficacy and home-use tests. We noted that the amount of p-hydroxybenzoate was needed in an oily cosmetic, especially liquid lip gloss, could be reduced by replacing p-hydroxybenzoate with C16:1Δ6. We suggest that C16:1Δ6 may find application as a stable antimicrobial substance gentle enough for use in consumer products by its selective antimicrobial characteristics.

"Cultural Default"and Adding Gloss Translation in Literary Translation

The translation practice is not only a change of language but also a change of culture. The"cultural default"is derived from the cultural differences between the SL (Source Language) and TL (Target Language), is a very troublesome thing for the translators. When there appears the phenomenon of cultural default, it is necessary to compensate for it, in this way, adding gloss translation is a very good way to do it , especially in the literary translation. This essay will discuss the phenomenon of"cultural default"and advantage of adding gloss translation in literary translation.

Fatty Acid Composition of Tobacco Seed Oil and Synthesis of Alkyd Resin

The fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil revealed that the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, having linoleic acid （71.63%）, oleic acid （13.46%） and palmitic acid （8.72%） as the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids respectively. So the tobacco oil was characterized as semi-drying type on the basis of fatty acid composition. The synthesis of alkyd resin was carried out by alcoholysis or monoglyceride process using an alkali refined tobacco seed oil, pentaerythritol, cis-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride along with lithium hydroxide as catalyst. The alkyd resin so prepared was found to be bright and of low color with high gloss. The drying and hardness properties and adhesion of the tobacco seed oil derived alkyd resin were also found a bit superior to those of other alkyd resins of the same oil length. In addition, the water and acid resistance of the said alkyd was also found comparable to the other alkyds.

Color appearance and visual measurements for color samples with gloss effect

We assess the color appearance of the samples with different inks on glossy substrates, five kinds of paper with different gloss levels. The color samples are measured using spectrophotometers under different illuminating/viewing geometries and visually estimated using the psychophysical method of magnitude estimation. The results of the two approaches are compared through the color appearance model of CIECAM02. The experimental data analysis indicates that the 0/45 and 15/0 geometries can be used to describe the two major aspects of gloss effect, the enlargement of color gamut, and the reduction of lightness. The agreement for hue attribute between instrumental measurement and visual assessment is better than those for colorfulness and lightness.

The Effectiveness of Multimedia Gloss Modes and Languages for Chinese Learners'Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition

This study examines the effects of different gloss types,namely LI textonly,L2 text-only,LI text plus picture,and L2 text plus picture on vocabulary retention in a multimedia reading environment.This investigation is based on the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and the revised hierarchical model with image.Sixteen participants read a computerized text under one of four gloss conditions and took an immediate and delayed vocabulary retention test.Quantitative analyses in this study were based on responses to a survey,and performance data drawn from the recognition and production tasks in the vocabulary retention test.Qualitative evidence was obtained through interviews with the participants regarding their attitudes to the use of multimedia glosses.Results of this study suggested that LI and L2 did not differ in terms of their effects on vocabulary retention.In addition,a combination of text and picture was more effective than text-only in sustaining recall of the glossed words.Survey and interview responses indicated the participants’mixed opinions about LI and L2 definitions and their strong preferences for pictures.The positive effect of L2 plus picture type glosses for long-term retention suggested the possible important role of mental involvement in the process of L2 vocabulary acquisition.

READERS GET A TASTE OF GLOSS

Foreign involvement in the magazine industry is offering slick trendy publications,but may be suffocating the domestic

你们学校允许化妆吗?

（导读：越来越多的中国中小学生开始化妆了,这种现象在中国的学校是不提倡,甚至是反对的。在美国也是这样吗？）I am working at an elementary school.I have noticed more and more students wearing make-up lately.Personally,I don’t see anything wrong with it,and the school doesn’t have any rules in the handbook that forbids it.

NEW PRODUCT

Multi-Functional MasterBatch AssistantShanghai Onmillion Nanomaterials Company Ltd.re-cently developed a multi-functional master batchassistant.The product taking barium sulfate as the ma-jor component is produced through a unique process ofmulti-layer modification.When it is used in fiber-grademaster batch, it can promote the dispersion,increasethe gloss and reduce the consumption (by 20%-50%) ofpigments.It can also improve the spinning behavior ofcolored fibers,reduce the yarn breakage rate and