Silent information regulator sirtuin 1 ameliorates acute liver failure via the p53/glutathione peroxidase 4/gasdermin D axis

BACKGROUND Acute liver failure(ALF)has a high mortality with widespread hepatocyte death involving ferroptosis and pyroptosis.The silent information regulator sirtuin 1(SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation affects multiple biological processes,including cellular senescence,apoptosis,sugar and lipid metabolism,oxidative stress,and inflammation.AIM To investigate the association between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the upstream regulatory mechanisms.METHODS This study included 30 patients with ALF and 30 healthy individuals who underwent serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)testing.C57BL/6 mice were also intraperitoneally pretreated with SIRT1,p53,or glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)inducers and inhibitors and injected with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-GalN)to induce ALF.Gasdermin D(GSDMD)^(-/-)mice were used as an experimental group.Histological changes in liver tissue were monitored by hematoxylin and eosin staining.ALT,AST,glutathione,reactive oxygen species,and iron levels were measured using commercial kits.Ferroptosis-and pyroptosis-related protein and mRNA expression was detected by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.SIRT1,p53,and GSDMD were assessed by immunofluorescence analysis.RESULTS Serum AST and ALT levels were elevated in patients with ALF.SIRT1,solute carrier family 7a member 11(SLC7A11),and GPX4 protein expression was decreased and acetylated p5,p53,GSDMD,and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4)protein levels were elevated in human ALF liver tissue.In the p53 and ferroptosis inhibitor-treated and GSDMD^(-/-)groups,serum interleukin(IL)-1β,tumour necrosis factor alpha,IL-6,IL-2 and C-C motif ligand 2 levels were decreased and hepatic impairment was mitigated.In mice with GSDMD knockout,p53 was reduced,GPX4 was increased,and ferroptotic events(depletion of SLC7A11,elevation of ACSL4,and iron accumulation)were detected.In vitro,knockdown of p53 and overexpression of GPX4 reduced AST and ALT levels,the cytostatic rate,and GSDMD expression,restoring SLC7A11 depletion.Moreover,SIRT1 agonist and overexpression of SIRT1 alleviated acute liver injury and decreased iron deposition compared with results in the model group,accompanied by reduced p53,GSDMD,and ACSL4,and increased SLC7A11 and GPX4.Inactivation of SIRT1 exacerbated ferroptotic and pyroptotic cell death and aggravated liver injury in LPS/D-GalNinduced in vitro and in vivo models.CONCLUSION SIRT1 activation attenuates LPS/D-GalN-induced ferroptosis and pyroptosis by inhibiting the p53/GPX4/GSDMD signaling pathway in ALF.

The effect of glutathione on glucosinolate biosynthesis through the sulfur assimilation pathway in pakchoi associated with the growth conditions

Glucosinolates(GSLs) are a group of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, synthesized primarily in members of the Brassicaceae family, that play an important role in food flavor, plant antimicrobial activity, resistance to insect attack, stress tolerance, and human anti-cancer effects. As a sulfur-containing compound, glutathione has a strong connection with GSLs biosynthesis as a sulfur donor or redox system, and exists in reduced(glutathione;GSH) and oxidized(glutathione disulfide;GSSG) forms. However, the mechanism of GSH regulating GSLs biosynthesis remainds unclear. Hence, the exogenous therapy to pakchoi under normal growth condition and sulfur deficiency condition were conducted in this work to explore the relevant mechanism. The results showed that exogenous application of buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, decreased the transcript levels of GSLs synthesis-related genes and transcription factors, as well as sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal growth condition. Application of exogenous GSH inhibited the expression of GSLs synthesis-and sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal condition, while the GSLs biosynthesis and the sulfur assimilation pathway were activated by exogenous application of GSH when the content of GSH in vivo of plants decreased owing to sulfur deficiency. Moreover,exogenous application of GSSG increased the transcript levels of GSLs synthesis-and sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal growth condition and under sulfur deficiency. The present work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of GSLs biosynthesis underlying glutathione regulation.

Dietary glycine supplementation enhances syntheses of creatine and glutathione by tissues of hybrid striped bass(Morone saxatilis ♀ × Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets

Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intestinal health.Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione(GSH)in mammals(e.g.,pigs),little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish.This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine-and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass(HSB;Morone saxatilis♀×Morone chrysops♂).Methods Phase-I and Phase-II HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0%,1%,or 2%glycine for 8 weeks.At the end of the 56-d feeding,tissues(liver,intestine,skeletal muscle,kidneys,and pancreas)were collected for biochemical analyses.Results In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds,creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB.The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied.In Phase-I HSB,supplementation with 1%or 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of intramuscular creatine(15%–19%)and hepatic GSH(8%–11%),while reducing(P<0.05)hepatic GSH sulfide(GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14%–15%,compared with the 0-glycine group;there were no differences(P>0.05)in these variables between the 1%and 2%glycine groups.In Phase-II HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle(15%–27%)and liver(11%–20%)in a dose-dependent manner,with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1%or 2%glycine group.In all HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine dose-dependently increased(P<0.05)activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase(22%–41%)and hepaticγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(17%–37%),with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1%or 2%glycine group.Glycine supplementation also increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas,and concentrations of GSH and activities of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine.Conclusions Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB,respectively.Dietary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-I and Phase-II HSB in a tissue-specific manner.Based on the metabolic data,glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.

Systematic analysis and functional verification of citrus glutathione S-transferases reveals that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18contribute negatively to citrus bacterial canker

Citrus bacterial canker(CBC) is resulted from Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri(Xcc) infection and poses a significant threat to citrus production.Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs) are critical in maintaining redox homeostasis in plants, especially in relation to abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, the function of GSTs in resisting CBC remains unclear. Here, citrus glutathione S-transferases were investigated applying a genome-wide approach. In total, 69 CsGSTs belonging to seven classes were identified, and the phylogeny, chromosomal distribution, gene structures and conserved motifs were analyzed. Several CsGSTs responded to Xcc infection, as observed in the upregulation of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 in the CBC-sensitive ‘Wanjincheng' variety but not in the resistant ‘Kumquat' variety. CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 were localized at the cytoplasm. Transient overexpression of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS) scavenging, whereas the virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS) of CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 caused strong CBC resistance and ROS burst. The present study investigated the characterization of citrus GST gene family, and discovered that CsGSTF1 and CsGSTU18 negatively contributed to CBC through modulating ROS homeostasis. These findings emphasize the significance of GSTs in infection resistance in plants.

毛蕊花糖苷抑制Erastin诱导的多巴胺能神经细胞系MN9D细胞铁死亡

背景:近年越来越多的研究证实多巴胺能神经元细胞铁死亡参与了帕金森病的发病,毛蕊花糖苷目前被证实具有抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护作用。目的:探讨毛蕊花糖苷对Erastin诱导的MN9D细胞铁死亡的保护效果及作用机制。方法:以MN9D细胞为研究对象,分为对照组、模型组(20μmol/L Erastin组)、Erastin+1μg/mL毛蕊花糖苷组、Erastin+5μg/mL毛蕊花糖苷组、Erastin+10μg/mL毛蕊花糖苷组。MN9D细胞在CO_(2)恒温培养箱中培养24 h,然后用不同质量浓度毛蕊花糖苷预处理8 h,再加入20μmol/L Erastin诱导24 h后,采用ELISA法检测还原型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、总铁离子、丙二醛水平,免疫组织化学法检测酪氨酸羟化酶的表达,Western blot法检测酪氨酸羟化酶、核因子红细胞-2相关因子2、血红素加氧酶1、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4蛋白表达。结果与结论:(1)与对照组相比,模型组还原型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶水平明显减少(P<0.05),丙二醛和总铁离子水平明显增加(P<0.05);与模型组相比,毛蕊花糖苷1,5,10μg/mL组还原型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶水平明显增加(P<0.05),丙二醛和总铁离子水平明减少(P<0.05);(2)与对照组相比,模型组酪氨酸羟化酶阳性细胞面积明显减少(P<0.05);与模型组相比,毛蕊花糖苷1,5,10μg/mL组酪氨酸羟化酶阳性细胞面积明显增加(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,模型组酪氨酸羟化酶、核因子红细胞-2相关因子2、血红素加氧酶1、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4的蛋白表达明显减少(P<0.05);与模型组相比,毛蕊花糖苷1,5,10μg/mL组酪氨酸羟化酶、核因子红细胞-2相关因子2、血红素加氧酶1、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4的蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.05)。结果提示:毛蕊花糖苷对Erastin诱导的MN9D细胞铁死亡具有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能通过作用于核因子红细胞-2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶1/谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4通路实现的。

红景天苷促进MC3T3-E1细胞成骨分化能力的体外实验

背景:骨缺损可直接影响牙齿种植的成功率及种植体的长期稳定性。研究显示红景天苷可促进成骨细胞增殖、分化,但对于其成骨分化相关通路具体研究不多。目的:体外细胞实验研究红景天苷对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖和分化的影响,并探究其对相关基因和蛋白表达的影响。方法:采用CCK-8实验和碱性磷酸酶实验筛选红景天苷(0.5,1,5,10,50μmol/L)促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖和分化的最佳浓度。实验分为4组:对照组、红景天苷组、红景天苷+LY294002组、LY294002组,分别用成骨诱导液、含10μmol/L红景天苷、10μmol/L红景天苷+10μmol/L LY294002、10μmol/L LY294002的成骨诱导液进行培养,观察红景天苷及PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制剂LY294002对成骨相关基因和蛋白表达的影响。结果与结论:①CCK-8实验和碱性磷酸酶实验显示:红景天苷促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖的作用在10μmol/L时最显著;②与对照组相比,红景天苷可以促进矿化、促进细胞黏附、减少细胞死亡,提高Runx-2、骨钙素、骨桥蛋白的mRNA表达(P<0.01),提高Runx-2和p-Akt蛋白表达(P<0.01);而添加PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制剂LY294002则可逆转以上结果;③结果表明,红景天苷能促进MC3T3-E1细胞矿化,并能促进成骨相关基因、蛋白的表达,这可能与PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活有关。

Analysis of the anti-T2DM components in dichloromethane fraction of Schisandra sphenanthera and its mechanism

Background:The type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)pharmacodynamic study of various parts of Schisandra sphenanthera was conducted in the previous stage,and it was found that dichloromethane extracted part(SDP)had a significant hypoglycemic effect.Therefore,the components of SDP were analyzed,and the specific mechanism of its anti-T2DM was explored.Methods:We used a high-fat,high-sugar diet in combination with streptozotocin to induce a T2DM rat model,and the model rats were divided into two groups according to body weight and blood glucose.Triglyceride,oral glucose tolerance test,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,superoxide dismutase,insulin,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,nonesterified free fatty acids,alanine aminotransferase,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,aspartate aminotransferase,malondialdehyde,and glutathione peroxidase were measured,organ indices were calculated,and pathological sections of pancreas and liver were observed.The 16S rRNA V3–V4 region of intestinal flora was sequenced to explore the effect of SDP on biochemical indicators and intestinal flora.Based on the above indicators,the anti-T2DM mechanism of SDP in Schisandra sphenanthera was analyzed.Results:After six weeks of administration,the biochemical indices of diabetic rats were diminished compared to the control group.And SDP could significantly increase the gut microbialα-diversity index,resulting in significant changes in the flora of T2DM rats,with increased richness and diversity,reduced harmful flora,and significantly back-regulated the levels of acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric acid.Conclusion:SDP can improve the symptoms associated with elevated blood glucose,dyslipidemia,elevated fasting insulin levels,and damaged glucose tolerance in rats.SDP against T2DM may be through the control of intestinal flora to normalize and exert anti-diabetic effect;its main active components may be lignans and terpenoids.

黄芪甲苷可缓解MC3T3-E1细胞氧化应激损伤并促进成骨

背景:氧化应激是导致骨质疏松症的主要原因之一,减少氧化应激水平与增加抗氧化防御是治疗骨质疏松症的重要研究方向。研究证实黄芪甲苷具有抗骨质疏松作用,但其作用机制尚不明确。目的:探讨黄芪甲苷对氧化应激条件下MC3T3-E1细胞成骨的作用。方法:将MC3T3-E1细胞分4组培养:对照组加入完全培养基,模型组加入含过氧化氢的完全培养基干预24 h后更换为完全培养基,黄芪甲苷组加入含过氧化氢、黄芪甲苷的完全培养基干预24 h后更换为含黄芪甲苷的完全培养基,抑制剂组加入含过氧化氢、黄芪甲苷、细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinases,ERK)抑制剂的完全培养基干预24 h后更换为含黄芪甲苷、ERK抑制剂的完全培养基。过氧化氢干预48 h后,通过丙二醛含量检测黄芪甲苷对MC3T3-E1细胞氧化应激的缓解作用;过氧化氢干预48 h后进行成骨诱导培养,通过碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色验证MC3T3-E1细胞成骨及矿化能力,通过RT-qPCR检测成骨相关基因的表达,Western blot检测成骨相关蛋白及ERK/腺苷酸激活蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)信号通路蛋白的表达。结果与结论:(1)模型组细胞内碱性磷酸酶含量与矿化结节形成均少于对照组(P<0.05),黄芪甲苷组细胞内碱性磷酸酶含量与矿化结节形成均多于模型组(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组比较,模型组细胞内丙二醛含量增加(P<0.05),骨钙素、RUNX2、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的mRNA与蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05),AMPK mRNA与p-AMPK蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,黄芪甲苷组细胞内丙二醛含量减少(P<0.05),骨钙素、RUNX2、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的mRNA与蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05),ERK1/2、AMPK mRNA表达升高(P<0.05),p-AMPK、p-ERK1/2蛋白表达均升高(P<0.05);ERK抑制剂可部分抑制黄芪甲苷的上述作用。(3)结果表明,黄芪甲苷可通过激活ERK/AMPK信号通路促进氧化应激条件下MC3T3-E1细胞的成骨分化。

T cell interactions with microglia in immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke

The primary mechanism of secondary injury after cerebral ischemia may be the brain inflammation that emerges after an ischemic stroke,which promotes neuronal death and inhibits nerve tissue regeneration.As the first immune cells to be activated after an ischemic stroke,microglia play an important immunomodulatory role in the progression of the condition.After an ischemic stroke,peripheral blood immune cells(mainly T cells)are recruited to the central nervous system by chemokines secreted by immune cells in the brain,where they interact with central nervous system cells(mainly microglia)to trigger a secondary neuroimmune response.This review summarizes the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immune-inflammatory processes of ischemic stroke.We found that,during ischemic stroke,T cells and microglia demonstrate a more pronounced synergistic effect.Th1,Th17,and M1 microglia can co-secrete proinflammatory factors,such as interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,and interleukin-1β,to promote neuroinflammation and exacerbate brain injury.Th2,Treg,and M2 microglia jointly secrete anti-inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-4,interleukin-10,and transforming growth factor-β,to inhibit the progression of neuroinflammation,as well as growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor to promote nerve regeneration and repair brain injury.Immune interactions between microglia and T cells influence the direction of the subsequent neuroinflammation,which in turn determines the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients.Clinical trials have been conducted on the ways to modulate the interactions between T cells and microglia toward anti-inflammatory communication using the immunosuppressant fingolimod or overdosing with Treg cells to promote neural tissue repair and reduce the damage caused by ischemic stroke.However,such studies have been relatively infrequent,and clinical experience is still insufficient.In summary,in ischemic stroke,T cell subsets and activated microglia act synergistically to regulate inflammatory progression,mainly by secreting inflammatory factors.In the future,a key research direction for ischemic stroke treatment could be rooted in the enhancement of anti-inflammatory factor secretion by promoting the generation of Th2 and Treg cells,along with the activation of M2-type microglia.These approaches may alleviate neuroinflammation and facilitate the repair of neural tissues.

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal regeneration.Furthermore,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune system.In contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian degeneration.The relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this study.We hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral recovery.We examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal fusion.Ablation-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host axons.Similar to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days postoperatively.Other morphological signs of rejection,such as collapsed Schwann cell basal lamina tubes,were absent in polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts but commonly observed in negative control and loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts at 21 days postoperatively.Loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts had more pro-inflammatory and less anti-inflammatory macrophages than negative control peripheral nerve allografts.While T cell counts were similarly high in loose-sutured-polyethylene glycol and negative control peripheral nerve allografts,loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts expressed some cytokines/chemokines important for T cell activation at much lower levels at 14 days postoperatively.MHCI expression was elevated in loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts,but MHCII expression was modestly lower compared to negative control at 21 days postoperatively.We conclude that,while polyethylene glycol per se reduces some immune responses of peripheral nerve allografts,successful polyethylene glycol-fusion repair of some axons is necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration of those axons and immune rejection of peripheral nerve allografts,and produce recovery of sensory/motor functions and voluntary behaviors.Translation of polyethylene glycol-fusion technologies would produce a paradigm shift from the current clinical practice of waiting days to months to repair ablation peripheral nerve injuries.

初级纤毛介导成骨前体细胞系MC3T3-E1传代衰老减低成骨分化能力

背景:在大段骨缺损修复中,由于种子细胞传代等多种因素可引起成骨类细胞衰老,造成组织工程骨植入体内后成骨分化活性降低。近年来,初级纤毛介导细胞衰老的机制已被广泛研究,但“传代衰老-成骨活性减低”的初级纤毛相关机制尚未完全明了。目的:探讨初级纤毛调控成骨性MC3T3-E1细胞传代衰老的可能机制。方法:成骨前体细胞系MC3T3-E1细胞传代至第10代(早期传代)及第40代(晚期传代),同时使用siRNA沉默IFT88阻碍初级纤毛生成,即将细胞分为第10代组、第40代组、第10代+siRNA IFT88-组、第40代+siRNA IFT88-组。各组细胞成骨诱导3 d,采用RT-PCR和Western blot检测衰老标志物CDKN2A(P16)的表达、成骨活性标志物骨形态发生蛋白2和碱性磷酸酶的表达、Hedgehog通路IHH的表达;茜素红染色和初级纤毛免疫荧光染色分析初级纤毛形态;对初级纤毛阳性率与IHH、骨形态发生蛋白2的表达进行Spearman相关性分析。结果与结论:①成骨诱导3 d,第40代组MC3T3-E1细胞的CDKN2A(P16)表达显著高于第10代组,而在siRNA IFT88-干预后差异消失;②第10代组的初级纤毛细胞阳性率高于第40代组,siRNA IFT88-则显著性抑制第10代与第40代细胞的初级纤毛表达;③第10代组MC3T3-E1细胞的碱性磷酸酶及骨形态发生蛋白2的转录活性和蛋白表达均高于第40代组,通过siRNA抑制初级纤毛表达后,上述差异减低或者消失;④初级纤毛细胞阳性率与IHH蛋白表达及骨形态发生蛋白2蛋白表达呈正相关。结果表明:初级纤毛介导了成骨性MC3T3-E1细胞的传代衰老,可调控成骨分化能力。

Screening of Saccharomyces Strains Highly Producing Glutathione and Breeding of Its Ethionine-resistant Mutants

[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen Saccharomyces for glutathione over-production. [Method] Ethionine-resistant mutants were obtained through UV mutagenesis and rational screening. [Result] A high GSH-producing strain HSJB1 was isolated from soil, and the biomass for this strain by flask shaking fermentation was 3.87 g/L while the GSH yield was 91.87 mg/L. According to the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of cells, this strain was primarily identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An ethionine-resistant mutant YBS77 was obtained through UV mutagenesis of the original strain HSJB1, and the biomass for this strain by flask shaking fermentation was 7.60 g dry cell weight/L while the GSH yield was 211.96 mg/L. [Conclusion] The biomass of the mutant obtained by breeding is increased by 96.38% than that of the original strain, and the GSH yield of the mutant obtained by breeding is increased by 130.72% than that from the original strain, which indicates that the breeding method is feasible.

双核Pt(Ⅳ)配合物与Guanosine-5′-Monophosphate和Glutathione反应的核磁共振光谱研究(英文)

合成了一个新型的双核Pt(Ⅳ)配合物｛[cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl(OH)2]2(4,4′-methylenedianiline)｝(NO3)2(化合物1)及相应的15N标记化合物｛[cis-Pt(15NH3)2Cl(OH)2]2(4,4′-methylenedianiline)｝(NO3)2(化合物15N-1)。利用1HNMR和ESMS进行了结构表征,化合物15N-1的2D[1H,15N]HSQCNMR发现,该化合物在水溶液中存在同分异构体。2D[1H,15N]HSQCNMR技术跟踪了化合物15N-1与Guanosine-5′-Monophosphate(5′-GMP)和Glutathione(GSH)的反应。结果显示,5′-GMP能在0.5h内将化合物1还原,而GSH在6h以后才能够部分的将化合物1还原。化合物1所表现出来的反应性能将有利于提高其治疗效果和降低毒副作用。

多枝赖草Glutathione Reductase基因克隆及胁迫表达分析

为了获得完整的谷胱甘肽还原酶基因序列,根据已克隆到的谷胱甘肽还原酶cDNA片段设计引物,利用RACE扩增获得了基因全长序列,应用Southern印迹杂交法分析基因存在状态,Northern印迹杂交法研究基因表达情况.结果表明,该基因全长1580 bp,含一个1 140 bp的开放阅读框架,编码380个氨基酸,与其它植物谷胱甘肽还原酶氨基酸序列的同源性在77%-92%之间;Southern杂交表明该基因有一个拷贝;Northern杂交表明在逆境胁迫下GR基因表达加强.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Gene Deletion Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective： To evaluate the association of Glutathione S-transferase （GST） M1 and T1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） in a high risk area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region （province）, Southwest of China. Methods： A case-control study was conducted to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of these enzymes （GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes）. A total of 127 NPC cases and 207 controls were recruited. Results： GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies were higher among NPC patients at a level of statistical significance （P〈0.005; P〈0.001 respectively）, and both GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype were even more significant （P〈0.001）. Conclusion： NPC is the most common cancer in Guangxi. GST enzymes are involved in the detoxification of many environmental carcinogens. Homozygous deletions of GSTM1 and GSTT1 have been associated with several types of cancer. The risk to develop NPC has been associated with environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and EB virus infection. The present results indicate that the GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms are associated with an increase risk of susceptibility to NPC, and both detoxific enzyme genes deletion is more important than a single gene deletion for the susceptibility to NPC.

益胃解毒方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎的效果及对Cyclin E、Th17/Treg比值的影响分析

目的分析益胃解毒方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎中的效果及对细胞周期蛋白E(Cyclin E)水平、辅助性T细胞(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)比值的影响。方法选取2019年6月至2022年6月在河北省石家庄市中医院确诊的150例慢性萎缩性胃炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为益胃解毒方组、六君子汤组、益胃解毒方+六君子汤组,每组50例。益胃解毒方组使用益胃解毒方治疗,六君子汤组使用六君子汤治疗,益胃解毒方+六君子汤组使用益胃解毒方联合六君子汤治疗,均连续治疗24周。比较3组治疗效果、中医证候积分、Cyclin E水平、Th17/Treg比值、不良反应发生情况。结果益胃解毒方组治疗总有效率高于六君子汤组和益胃解毒方+六君子汤组,且益胃解毒方+六君子汤组高于六君子汤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后3组各项中医证候积分低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后益胃解毒方组各项中医证候积分低于六君子汤组和益胃解毒方+六君子汤组,且益胃解毒方+六君子汤组低于六君子汤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后3组Cyclin E水平、Th17/Treg比值均低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后益胃解毒方组Cyclin E水平、Th17/Treg比值低于六君子汤组和益胃解毒方+六君子汤组,且益胃解毒方+六君子汤组低于六君子汤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。益胃解毒方组总不良反应发生率低于六君子汤组和益胃解毒方+六君子汤组,且益胃解毒方+六君子汤组低于六君子汤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论益胃解毒方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎效果显著,不仅能够改善患者临床症状,调节Cyclin E、Th17/Treg表达,还能减少不良反应发生,值得临床推广应用。

流行性感冒患儿外周血MAIT细胞的免疫生物学特性

目的探讨流行性感冒患儿外周血黏膜相关恒定T(MAIT)细胞的变化及其临床意义。方法选取2023年1—5月就诊于某儿童医院感染科门诊和住院治疗的流行性感冒患儿,分为普通型组和重症型组,同时选择该院体检的健康儿童作为健康对照组。患儿入院24 h内抽血送检,采用流式细胞技术检测MAIT细胞(CD3^(+)CD161^(+)TCRVα7.2^(+)细胞)比例,表达PD-1、CD69、穿孔素、CD107α的MAIT细胞比例,比较各组差异。结果与对照组相比,普通型、重症型患儿外周血MAIT细胞比例逐步下降,表达CD69和穿孔素阳性的MAIT细胞比例逐步升高,三者间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);表达CD107α的MAIT细胞比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);PD-1阳性的MAIT细胞比例升高(P<0.05),但普通型、重症型组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论外周血MAIT细胞减少伴免疫活化在流行性感冒发病中起一定作用。

Expression of Presenilin-2 and Glutathione S Transferase π and Their Clinical Significance in Breast Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma

To investigate the expressions of presenilin-2 (PS2) and glutathione Stransferase π (GSTπ) and their roles in prognosis and therapy of breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma. Methods: The paraffin-embedded specimens of 210 patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma were examined by using LSAB immunohistochemistry for the expression of PS2 and GSTπ.Results: The expression rate of PS2 and GSTπ was 49.5% (104/210) and 48.1% (101/210) respectively.The 5-year and 10-year postoperative survival rates in 4 groups, from high to low, were group 1 (PS2positive expression/GSTπ negative expression), group 2 (PS2 positive expression/GSTπ positiveexpression), group 3 (PS2 negative expression/GSTπ negative expression) and group 4 (PS2 negativeexpression/GSTπ positive expression) in turn. Conclusion: The prognosis of the group 1 was thebest, followed by the group 2, group 3 and group 4 in turn. These results suggested that thereasonable use of endocrinotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with breast infiltrating ductalcarcinoma is necessary.

儿童急性早幼粒细胞白血病治疗后继发T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤1例临床报告

目的总结急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿的临床诊治过程,探讨疾病相关机理。方法回顾性分析1例急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)治疗后继发T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(T-LBL)患儿的临床资料,并检索急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的文献报告进行总结。结果患儿,男,10岁,因“间断发热”起病,确诊APL后,在治疗过程中出现骨髓复燃,调整治疗方案后达完全缓解,然而在结束白血病治疗后因淋巴结肿大诊断为T-LBL,经规范化疗再次得以缓解。检索近10年文献,急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤共报告9例,均为成人病例,其中6例患者至报告时均为无病生存状态。结论急性白血病治疗后继发非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发生率低、预后较好。此外,对肿瘤性疾病化疗后的患者,需注意继发性肿瘤的发生,应用先进检测技术可提高对继发性肿瘤致病机制的认知。

鼻型结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤误诊为鼻窦炎眶周蜂窝织炎1例

1临床资料患者,男,34岁,因“鼻堵脓涕1月余伴右眼红肿2周”于门诊就诊。患者1个月前在劳累饮酒后出现双侧持续性鼻堵、黄脓涕,伴双侧额部头痛、右眼眶重度胀痛,需口服止痛药缓解疼痛。2周前右眼疼痛加重,伴视物稍模糊,无复视,伴发热,体温最高38.2℃。门诊初步疑诊“急性鼻窦炎眶周蜂窝织炎”收治入院。发病以来患者神清,精神可,食欲尚可,近6个月体重下降约30斤,夜间睡眠差,伴乏力。