目的:开发含椰子粉的发酵型烘焙食品。方法:采用TA.XT Plus C物性测试仪的全质构压缩试验和F4肖邦发酵流变仪测定椰子粉—小麦粉面团质构和发酵流变学特性。结果:椰子粉的添加显著提高了面团的硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性。但其对弹性和黏性...目的:开发含椰子粉的发酵型烘焙食品。方法:采用TA.XT Plus C物性测试仪的全质构压缩试验和F4肖邦发酵流变仪测定椰子粉—小麦粉面团质构和发酵流变学特性。结果:椰子粉的添加显著提高了面团的硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性。但其对弹性和黏性的影响不一,添加3%椰子粉的面团表现出较硬、发酵延迟、体积小等面团发酵性能的降低,而添加1%和5%椰子粉的面团出现高度坍塌、漏气等稳定持气能力不足的现象。此外,添加1%的椰子粉时,面团的面筋网络结构明显断裂,呈不规则的片状;当进一步添加椰子粉(3%)时,面团的面筋网络结构逐渐变得稀疏。而当椰子粉的添加量增加至5%时,面筋断裂结构却得到明显改善。结论:椰子粉的添加改变了面团的质构特性进而降低了其发酵流变学特性。低含量的椰子粉破坏了面筋网络结构,而高含量的椰子粉可以改善面筋网络结构,增强面团的连续性。展开更多
The two-stage dough mixing process was innovated to improve the qualities of bread made from potato flour(PF) and wheat flour at a ratio of 1:1(w/w). The final dough was first prepared from wheat flour before being ad...The two-stage dough mixing process was innovated to improve the qualities of bread made from potato flour(PF) and wheat flour at a ratio of 1:1(w/w). The final dough was first prepared from wheat flour before being added with PF. The effects of the method on enhancing the dough qualities were verified, and the distribution of water in gluten-gelatinized starch matrix of the doughs was investigated. We observed that the bread qualities were improved, as reflected by the increase of specific volume from 2.26 to 2.96 m L g^–1 and the decrease of crumb hardness from 417.93 to 255.57 g. The results from rheofermentometric measurements showed that the dough mixed using the developed mixing method had higher maximum dough height value, time of dough porosity appearance, and gas retention coefficient, as well as enhanced gluten matrix formation compared to that mixed by the traditional mixing method. The results from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that the competitive water absorption between gluten and gelatinized starch could restrict the formation of gluten network in the dough mixed using the traditional mixing process. Using the novel mixing method, gluten could be sufficiently hydrated in stage 1, which could then weaken the competitive water absorption caused by gelatinized starch in stage 2;this could also be indicated by the greater mobility of proton in PF and better development of gluten network during mixing.展开更多
为探究重组疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶(Recombinant Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase Produced by Pichia pastoris,PTL)在面包体系中的使用效果,试验以面包比容、组织结构以及面包芯白度为指标得出其最佳用量。进一步研究比较PTL、商业脂...为探究重组疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶(Recombinant Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase Produced by Pichia pastoris,PTL)在面包体系中的使用效果,试验以面包比容、组织结构以及面包芯白度为指标得出其最佳用量。进一步研究比较PTL、商业脂肪酶Lipopan F BG(以下简称FBG)、化学改良剂双乙酰酒石酸单(双)甘油酯(Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Ester of Mono(di)Glycerides,DATEM)对面包烘焙品质的影响,对面团面筋网络结构及面包芯风味物质分别采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(Head-Space Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer,HS-SPME-GC-MS)进行分析。结果表明,PTL在面包中的最佳用量为10~20 mg/kg,过量PTL造成不良影响。PTL在增大面包比容、强化面筋结构和提高感官整体接受度等方面仅次于FBG,优于DATEM。面包配方中加入15 mg/kg PTL能明显增大面包比容(9.8%),降低面包硬度,气味和组织结构的感官得分最佳(6.48分和6.82分)。综上,适量PTL能有效改善面包的烘焙品质且具有不同于商业酶的独特优势。展开更多
为探讨大豆蛋白与面筋蛋白的相互作用,将大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)、水解大豆蛋白(soy protein hydrolyzate,SPH)和质构化大豆蛋白(texturized soy protein,TSP)分别添加到谷朊粉中,分析大豆蛋白不同的处理方式和比例对面...为探讨大豆蛋白与面筋蛋白的相互作用,将大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)、水解大豆蛋白(soy protein hydrolyzate,SPH)和质构化大豆蛋白(texturized soy protein,TSP)分别添加到谷朊粉中,分析大豆蛋白不同的处理方式和比例对面筋特性的影响。结果表明,添加SPI后面筋蛋白中的面筋醇溶蛋白含量减小,麦谷蛋白大聚体(glutenin macropolymers,GMP)含量增加,从而引起面筋的拉伸距离减小,最大拉伸阻力增大。添加SPI后面筋的储能模量(G′)与损耗模量(G″)均呈现增大趋势,与添加TSP后干面筋含量变化相反。添加SPH后面筋蛋白中GMP含量明显减小,使得干湿面筋含量、拉伸特性以及G′与G″均明显减小。综上,大豆蛋白与面筋蛋白相互作用,引起面筋中蛋白组分及面筋网络结构变化,诱导其面筋特性的变化。展开更多
文摘目的:开发含椰子粉的发酵型烘焙食品。方法:采用TA.XT Plus C物性测试仪的全质构压缩试验和F4肖邦发酵流变仪测定椰子粉—小麦粉面团质构和发酵流变学特性。结果:椰子粉的添加显著提高了面团的硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性。但其对弹性和黏性的影响不一,添加3%椰子粉的面团表现出较硬、发酵延迟、体积小等面团发酵性能的降低,而添加1%和5%椰子粉的面团出现高度坍塌、漏气等稳定持气能力不足的现象。此外,添加1%的椰子粉时,面团的面筋网络结构明显断裂,呈不规则的片状;当进一步添加椰子粉(3%)时,面团的面筋网络结构逐渐变得稀疏。而当椰子粉的添加量增加至5%时,面筋断裂结构却得到明显改善。结论:椰子粉的添加改变了面团的质构特性进而降低了其发酵流变学特性。低含量的椰子粉破坏了面筋网络结构,而高含量的椰子粉可以改善面筋网络结构,增强面团的连续性。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701527)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0400401)+1 种基金the Policy Guidance Program of Jiangsu Province, China (SZ-SQ2017021)the Jiangsu Province “Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control” industry development program, China。
文摘The two-stage dough mixing process was innovated to improve the qualities of bread made from potato flour(PF) and wheat flour at a ratio of 1:1(w/w). The final dough was first prepared from wheat flour before being added with PF. The effects of the method on enhancing the dough qualities were verified, and the distribution of water in gluten-gelatinized starch matrix of the doughs was investigated. We observed that the bread qualities were improved, as reflected by the increase of specific volume from 2.26 to 2.96 m L g^–1 and the decrease of crumb hardness from 417.93 to 255.57 g. The results from rheofermentometric measurements showed that the dough mixed using the developed mixing method had higher maximum dough height value, time of dough porosity appearance, and gas retention coefficient, as well as enhanced gluten matrix formation compared to that mixed by the traditional mixing method. The results from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that the competitive water absorption between gluten and gelatinized starch could restrict the formation of gluten network in the dough mixed using the traditional mixing process. Using the novel mixing method, gluten could be sufficiently hydrated in stage 1, which could then weaken the competitive water absorption caused by gelatinized starch in stage 2;this could also be indicated by the greater mobility of proton in PF and better development of gluten network during mixing.
文摘为探究重组疏棉状嗜热丝孢菌脂肪酶(Recombinant Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase Produced by Pichia pastoris,PTL)在面包体系中的使用效果,试验以面包比容、组织结构以及面包芯白度为指标得出其最佳用量。进一步研究比较PTL、商业脂肪酶Lipopan F BG(以下简称FBG)、化学改良剂双乙酰酒石酸单(双)甘油酯(Diacetyl Tartaric Acid Ester of Mono(di)Glycerides,DATEM)对面包烘焙品质的影响,对面团面筋网络结构及面包芯风味物质分别采用扫描电镜(Scanning Electron Microscope,SEM)和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(Head-Space Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer,HS-SPME-GC-MS)进行分析。结果表明,PTL在面包中的最佳用量为10~20 mg/kg,过量PTL造成不良影响。PTL在增大面包比容、强化面筋结构和提高感官整体接受度等方面仅次于FBG,优于DATEM。面包配方中加入15 mg/kg PTL能明显增大面包比容(9.8%),降低面包硬度,气味和组织结构的感官得分最佳(6.48分和6.82分)。综上,适量PTL能有效改善面包的烘焙品质且具有不同于商业酶的独特优势。
文摘为探讨大豆蛋白与面筋蛋白的相互作用,将大豆分离蛋白(soy protein isolate,SPI)、水解大豆蛋白(soy protein hydrolyzate,SPH)和质构化大豆蛋白(texturized soy protein,TSP)分别添加到谷朊粉中,分析大豆蛋白不同的处理方式和比例对面筋特性的影响。结果表明,添加SPI后面筋蛋白中的面筋醇溶蛋白含量减小,麦谷蛋白大聚体(glutenin macropolymers,GMP)含量增加,从而引起面筋的拉伸距离减小,最大拉伸阻力增大。添加SPI后面筋的储能模量(G′)与损耗模量(G″)均呈现增大趋势,与添加TSP后干面筋含量变化相反。添加SPH后面筋蛋白中GMP含量明显减小,使得干湿面筋含量、拉伸特性以及G′与G″均明显减小。综上,大豆蛋白与面筋蛋白相互作用,引起面筋中蛋白组分及面筋网络结构变化,诱导其面筋特性的变化。
