Dietary glycine supplementation enhances syntheses of creatine and glutathione by tissues of hybrid striped bass(Morone saxatilis ♀ × Morone chrysops ♂) fed soybean meal-based diets

Background We recently reported that supplementing glycine to soybean meal-based diets is necessary for the optimum growth of 5-to 40-g(Phase-I)and 110-to 240-g(Phase-II)hybrid striped bass(HSB),as well as their intestinal health.Although glycine serves as an essential substrate for syntheses of creatine and glutathione(GSH)in mammals(e.g.,pigs),little is known about these metabolic pathways or their nutritional regulation in fish.This study tested the hypothesis that glycine supplementation enhances the activities of creatine-and GSH-forming enzymes as well as creatine and GSH availabilities in tissues of hybrid striped bass(HSB;Morone saxatilis♀×Morone chrysops♂).Methods Phase-I and Phase-II HSB were fed a soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0%,1%,or 2%glycine for 8 weeks.At the end of the 56-d feeding,tissues(liver,intestine,skeletal muscle,kidneys,and pancreas)were collected for biochemical analyses.Results In contrast to terrestrial mammals and birds,creatine synthesis occurred primarily in skeletal muscle from all HSB.The liver was most active in GSH synthesis among the HSB tissues studied.In Phase-I HSB,supplementation with 1%or 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of intramuscular creatine(15%–19%)and hepatic GSH(8%–11%),while reducing(P<0.05)hepatic GSH sulfide(GSSG)/GSH ratios by 14%–15%,compared with the 0-glycine group;there were no differences(P>0.05)in these variables between the 1%and 2%glycine groups.In Phase-II HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and GSH in the muscle(15%–27%)and liver(11%–20%)in a dose-dependent manner,with reduced ratios of hepatic GSSG/GSH in the 1%or 2%glycine group.In all HSB,supplementation with 1%and 2%glycine dose-dependently increased(P<0.05)activities of intramuscular arginine:glycine amidinotransferase(22%–41%)and hepaticγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase(17%–37%),with elevated activities of intramuscular guanidinoacetate methyltransferase and hepatic GSH synthetase and GSH reductase in the 1%or 2%glycine group.Glycine supplementation also increased(P<0.05)concentrations of creatine and activities of its synthetic enzymes in tail kidneys and pancreas,and concentrations of GSH and activities of its synthetic enzymes in the proximal intestine.Conclusions Skeletal muscle and liver are the major organs for creatine and GSH syntheses in HSB,respectively.Dietary glycine intake regulates creatine and GSH syntheses by both Phase-I and Phase-II HSB in a tissue-specific manner.Based on the metabolic data,glycine is a conditionally essential amino acid for the growing fish.

Hypomethylation of glycine dehydrogenase promoter in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a new diagnostic marker of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: Glycine dehydrogenase(GLDC) plays an important role in the initiation and proliferation of several human cancers. In this study, we aimed to detect the methylation status of GLDC promoter and its diagnostic value for hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC). Methods: We enrolled 197 patients, 111 with HBV-HCC, 51 with chronic hepatitis B(CHB), and 35 healthy controls(HCs). The methylation status of GLDC promoter in peripheral mononuclear cells(PBMCs) was identified by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP). The mRNA expression was examined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The methylation frequency of the GLDC promoter was significantly lower in HBV-HCC patients(27.0%) compared to that in CHB patients(68.6%) and HCs(74.3%)( P < 0.001). The methylated group had lower alanine aminotransferase level( P = 0.035) and lower rates of tumor node metastasis(TNM) Ⅲ/Ⅳ( P = 0.043) and T3/T4( P = 0.026). TNM stage was identified to be an independent factor for GLDC promoter methylation. GLDC mRNA levels in CHB patients and HCs were significantly lower than those in HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.022 and P < 0.001, respectively). GLDC mRNA levels were significantly higher in HBV-HCC patients with unmethylated GLDC promoters than those with methylated GLDC promoters( P = 0.003). The diagnostic accuracy of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) combined with GLDC promoter methylation for HBV-HCC was improved compared with that of AFP alone(AUC: 0.782 vs. 0.630, P < 0.001). In addition, GLDC promoter methylation was an independent predictor for overall survival of HBV-HCC patients( P = 0.038). Conclusions: The methylation frequency of GLDC promoter was lower in PBMCs from HBV-HCC patients than that from patients with CHB and HCs. The combination of AFP and GLDC promoter hypomethylation significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy of HBV-HCC.

Potentiometric Determination of Stability Constants of Sulphathiazole and Glycine-Metal Complexes

Binary and ternary complexes of (Fe(III), Pb(II), Co(II), Al(III), La(III), Sr(II), Cr(III), Ti(II) and Zr(II)) with sulphathiazole (as primary ligand) and amino acid glycine (as secondary ligand) have been studied potentiometrically at 25°C ± 0.1°C and I = 0.1 M NaClO4 in 25% (v/v) pure ethanol-water medium. Although there are many methods available to study the stability of metal-ligand complexes, pH-metry is most frequently used. In extension of our study on solution equilibria, we used Calvin-Bjerrum method for the calculation of stability constants. Stoichiometries and stability constants of binary systems containing the above metal ions in a 1:1 and 1:2 and/or 1:3 ratios were also determined to compare the effect of the secondary ligand on (1:1) Metal:Sulphathiazole system. The protonation constants of the complexes were evaluated for the system M:Sulphathiazole:Glycine = 1:1:1. The order of stability of the binary and ternary complexes was examined. It was found that glycine adds preferably [M-Sulfathiazole] rather than to the aqueous complexes of metal ions. In all cases 1:1:1 complex was formed.

Research status and prospects of the fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces

As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.

Deep eutectic solvents for separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy:Recent advances and perspectives

Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.

A comparative investigation of interaction between metal ions with L-methionene and related compounds such as alanine, leucine, valine, and glycine in aqueous solution

The acidity and stability constants of M-L (M: M2+;L: Met, L-methionine) complexes, determined by potentiometric pH titrations, were used to make a comparative investigation. The stability constants of the 1:1 complexes formed between M2+ and L–, were determined by potentiometric pH titration in aqueous solution (I = 0.1 M, NaNO3, 25°C). The order of the stability constants was reported. It is shown that regarding to M ion – binding properties, vital differences on complex bilding were considered. It is demonstrated that in M-L complexes, M ion is coordinated to the carboxyl group, is also able to bild macrochelate over amine group. The aforementioned results demonstrate that for M (Met) complex, the stability constants are also largely determined by the affinity of Cu ion for amino group. It is indicated that this additional interaction with amino groups can influence the character of some amino acid complexes in biological systems.

Molecule‑Level Multiscale Design of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolyte to Build Stable SEI/CEI for Lithium Metal Battery

The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable GPEs.Here,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium salts.TEP is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP surprisingly.Anchored TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface layers.Such coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 cycles.This study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.

Porous Organic Cage‑Based Quasi‑Solid‑State Electrolyte with Cavity‑Induced Anion‑Trapping Effect for Long‑Life Lithium Metal Batteries

Porous organic cages(POCs)with permanent porosity and excellent host–guest property hold great potentials in regulating ion transport behavior,yet their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes has never been testified in a practical battery.Herein,we design and fabricate a quasi-solid-state electrolyte(QSSE)based on a POC to enable the stable operation of Li-metal batteries(LMBs).Benefiting from the ordered channels and cavity-induced anion-trapping effect of POC,the resulting POC-based QSSE exhibits a high Li+transference number of 0.67 and a high ionic conductivity of 1.25×10^(−4) S cm^(−1) with a low activation energy of 0.17 eV.These allow for homogeneous Li deposition and highly reversible Li plating/stripping for over 2000 h.As a proof of concept,the LMB assembled with POC-based QSSE demonstrates extremely stable cycling performance with 85%capacity retention after 1000 cycles.Therefore,our work demonstrates the practical applicability of POC as SSEs for LMBs and could be extended to other energy-storage systems,such as Na and K batteries.

Syntheses and Structures of Three Cobalt Metal-organic Frameworks with 3-(Sulfonyl-glycine)benzoic Acid

Three new coordination networks based on a versatile and unsymmetric building block 3-（sulfonyl-glycine）benzoic acid （HAL） ligand and inorganic Co（Ⅱ） salt, [Co（HL）（bipy）2]. ClO4·1.5H2O （1）, [Co3（L）2（H2O）6]·4H2O （2） and [Co（HL）（bpp）（H2O）2]·2H2O （3） （bipy = 2,2-bipyridine, bpp = 1,3-bi（4-pyridyl）propane）, have been synthesized in aqueous media and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Reaction of Co salt with H3L afforded a neutral 1D alternating chain, which shows a 3-D supramolecular network through hydrogen bonds. When the auxiliary 2,2-bipyridine is used, a mononuclear unit is constructed; if using auxiliary ligand bpp, a neutral 1-D uniform chain is obtained and further extended into a 3-D supramolecular structure through versatile hydrogen bonds. The H3L ligand in 1 adopts a bidentate chelating coordination mode while that in 2 and 3 assumes a pentadentate bridging and a bis-monodentate bridging modes, respectively. This work and our previous work evidently demonstrate that the structures vary with altering the second ligands.

大豆对胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)1号和4号生理小种抗性的遗传分析

大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycinesIchinohe)是我国大豆的全国性主要病害之一。1号和4号生理小种是黄淮地区的优势小种。以Essex×ZDD2315、Peking×ZDD2315、PI88788×ZDD2226、Peking×ZDD2226的P1、P2、F1、BC1F2为材料,用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析大豆对胞囊线虫1号和4号生理小种抗性的遗传机制。结果表明,ZDD2315、ZDD2226对1号生理小种的抗性受主效基因控制,未发现多基因效应,且与Peking存在相同的抗病基因;抗性遗传表现组合特异性,Essex×ZDD2315组合为3对加性主基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率72.02%,PI88788×ZDD2226组合为2对显性上位主基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率62.33%。对4号生理小种的抗性为主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,Essex×ZDD2315、Peking×ZDD2315、PI88788×ZDD2226等3个组合为3对主基因+多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率分别为67.76%7、2.46%和53.25%,多基因遗传率分别为24.48%、21.31%和35.77%;Peking×ZDD2226表现为2对主基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率45.40%。抗性基因表现为隐性,育种上可以在早代选择。培育多抗品种应以抗4号生理小种为主要目标进行基因聚合。

大豆属Glycine亚属植物花粉形态研究

对大豆属Glycine亚属中10个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察.发现多倍体材料的花粉大于二倍体的.并发现Glycine亚属诸种花粉的形状、萌发孔、外壁纹饰均存明显差异.

干旱和复水对大豆(Glycine max)叶片光合及叶绿素荧光的影响

选用河南省大面积种植的大豆品种豫豆29作为实验材料,通过研究逐步干旱和旱后复水条件下大豆叶片光合、叶绿素荧光等指标随土壤水分的动态变化规律,以期为大豆的水分高效利用提供理论依据。研究发现,在土壤相对含水量高于46.5%时,虽然随着土壤相对含水量的下降,豫豆29仍可以保持它的叶片水分状态;豫豆29的叶片净光合速率在土壤水分中等条件下最大,在土壤相对含水量为64.3%时,它比对照组高出11.2%(P<0.01);在实验的第3d,处理组的土壤相对含水量降为46.5%,叶片水势与对照组相比降低了7.2%(P>0.05),净光合速率为对照组的89.6%(P<0.05),但气孔导度却迅速下降为对照组的44.7%(P<0.01),这说明与叶片的光合和水分状况相比,豫豆29的气孔对土壤水分的匮缺更加敏感。复水后,豫豆29叶片的水势、净光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素荧光等值都可以得到迅速的恢复,并在实验的最后接近对照组的水平,这表明豫豆29的叶片光合在水分胁迫解除后有迅速恢复的能力。

Studies of Glycine Betaine on Physiology of Two Varieties of Pumpkin Seedlings under NaCl Stress

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the relationship between Glycine betaine and the salt-tolerance mechanism of different pumpkins and confirm the mechanism of betaine in salt-tolerance physiology.[Method] Taking the seedlings of C.ficifolia and Qingli pumpkin as test materials,the effects of glycine betaine on the cell membrane permeability,MDA and root activity of two varieties of pumpkin seedlings under 300 mmol/L NaCl stress were studied.[Result] At suitable concentrations,glycine betaine could d...

铜、砷及其复合污染对黄豆(Glycine max)影响的初步研究

通过水培实验研究了Cu、As单一及复合污染对黄豆种子萌发、幼苗生长及部分酶活性的影响 .结果表明 ,Cu、As污染明显抑制黄豆种子萌发、幼苗生长 ,对黄豆种子萌发时的呼吸强度、蛋白酶活性有显著的抑制作用 ,且随着Cu、As浓度的增加 ,抑制作用增强 ,呈负相关 ;而POD活性则随污染物浓度的增加而增加 ,呈正相关 .Cu、As污染共同存在时 ,随二者投加比例不同出现不同程度的拮抗效应 。

Discussion on the Problem of Salt Gland of Glycine soja

Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. plants living in saline soil in three provinces of China were treated with different salinity concentrations under different laboratory culture conditions (including solution, sand and field cultivation). The attachment shape and distribution on the surface of stalk and leaf of G. soja plants were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the ultrastructure of glandular hair with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Na+ and Cl- contents in the secretion of the leaf surface and inside the leaf of G. soja subjected to different treatments were measured. The Na+ relative contents in glandular cells, epidermal cells and mesophyllous cells of leaves under different salinities were determined by X-ray microanalysis. Results show that only glandular and epidermal hair exist on the surface attachments of leaves and stalks of G. soja plants. These glandular hair were similar in shape to some salt glands of Gramineae halophytes, and they attached to the vein on the leaf surface. The cell structure of the glandular hair showed the characteristics of common salt glands, such as big vacuoles, dense cytoplasm, a great deal of mitochondria, chloroplast, plasmodesmata and thicker cell walls, etc. The results of Na+ and Cl- contents in the leaf secretion and inside the leaf showed that the glandular hair executed the function of salt-secretion, and when treated with the salt gland inhibitor the salt-secretion process was inhibited. As a result, Na+ and Cl- were mainly accumulated inside G. soja leaves. The results of Na+ X-ray microanalysis under different salinities proved that the three cells of the glandular hair, especially the top cell, possessed strong competence for Na+ accumulation. Above all, the glandular hair were the salt gland, and no other kind of salt glands were found on G. soja plants. The secreting mechanism of the salt gland was also discussed.

Cd Distribution and Subcellular Localization in Leaf and Its Effects on Growth of Soybean(Glycine max) Seedlings

In order to investigate Cd accumulation, subcellular distribution, and local-ization in soybean seedlings leaves, soybean seedlings were cultivated in solution containing different concentrations of Cd. The results showed that most Cd associ-ated with the cellwal s and soluble fractions, and a minor part of Cd presented in mitochondria fractions, nuclear and chloroplast fractions, especial y exposure to high Cd concentrations. Under 20.00 mg/L Cd stress, Cd subcellular distribution fol owed a sequence as： soluble fractions （55.00%）＆gt;cellwal s （30.0%）＆gt;mitochondria fractions （8.21%）＆gt;nuclear and chloroplast fractions （6.79%）. Deposited Cd black particles were observed in cellwal s, chloroplasts, nuclei, and vacuoles through electrical microscope slice. This fact indicated that the cellwal s of soybean leaves were the first protecting organel es from Cd toxicity, and the cellwal s and soluble fractions were the main place for Cd storage. Due to Cd accumulated in the organel es, the intercellular space was enlarged and the subcellular structure was damaged, especial y for the chloroplasts.

利用中国秋大豆(Glycine max(L.) Merr)筛选SSR核心位点的研究

选择中国秋大豆为试验材料 ,对基因组DNA进行SSR标记筛选和鉴定。经过 2 0 0个位点在琼脂糖胶上初筛和 96个位点在变性聚丙烯酰胺胶上复鉴 ,选出 6 0个位点 ,这些位点具有以下特点 :(1)分布在大豆 2 0个整合遗传连锁群 ,相邻位点间平均遗传距离在 5 0cM左右。除连锁群C2 、O上分别有 5个位点 ,G、K、M上分别有 2个位点外 ,其余 15个连锁群均分布有 3个位点 ;(2 )与 96个位点在 80份秋大豆种质检测到种质间遗传关系达到极显著相关 (r =0 .910 ) ;(3)在 80份秋大豆初选核心种质中表现出较高多态性 ,平均每个位点等位变异数为 9.3,多态性信息含量 (PIC)值为 0 .773;(4)在检测的秋大豆绝大多数种质基因组中 ,均为单一拷贝的位点 ,具有较高特异性 ;(5 )在相同的PCR扩增条件下 ,同一位点不同等位变异间易于识别且扩增强度较为一致。这套SSR核心位点的确定为中国大豆核心种质的构建奠定了基础。

不同茬口条件下的作物根渗出物对大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)卵孵化影响

取北方5种作物轮作茬口和休闲土壤种植火豆、玉米、小麦、亚麻和甜菜,出苗后22 d制备作物的根渗出物,观察其对大豆胞囊线虫卯孵化的影响。试验表明,麦豆麦迎茬的甜菜根渗出物在后期大豆胞囊线虫(SCN)的卵孵化率最高,豆麦米轮作茬的大豆根渗出物9 d后SCN的卵孵化率明显高于其它作物,米豆米茬口的玉米根渗出物SCN的卵孵化率较高,豆麦豆迎茬甜菜根渗出物SCN的卵孵化率明显高于所有供试作物,12年大豆连作茬甜菜从一开始卵孵化率就高于对照和其它4种作物,休闲区的5种作物根渗出物也有对SCN卵孵化的刺激作用。

灰布支黑豆对大豆孢囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)14号小种的抗性遗传

大豆孢囊线虫（Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｄｅｒａ ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅｓ）是危害大豆生产的世界性病害。山西省兴县“灰布支黑豆”是对目前我国鉴定的所有流行小种表现出免疫或高抗的重要抗源。利用目前国际通用的一套鉴别寄主和小种划分标准，通过人工接种的方法，确定了１４号是北京马连洼中国农业科学院植物保护研究所实验站土壤中大豆孢囊线虫群体的主导小种。用敏感的栽培品种“冀豆７号”作母本，与灰布支黑豆杂交，采用人工接种的方法，对后代群体进行大豆孢囊线虫１４号小种的抗性鉴定。Ｆ１的２个单株都表现出抗性。随机取２个单株的Ｆ２代群体，分别测定每个群体的１１６和７８个单株。每个群体都表现出４３抗：２１感的分离比例，支持兴县灰布支黑豆对大豆孢囊线虫１４号小种的抗性是由３对基因控制、一对隐性基因对两对显性基因的上位和两对显性基因互补作用的遗传假设。随机取Ｆ３代的３０个株系，每个株系随机测定１０～１５个单株。１９抗：３８分离：７感的株系间分离比确认上述的遗传假设是正确的。

栽培大豆(Glycine max)与野生大豆(G.soja)解剖学的比较研究——Ⅰ.雄配子体的发育

本文对栽培大豆(Glycine max)和野生大豆(G.soja)雄配子体的发育和同步性及精子发生进行了比较研究。大豆和野生大豆花粉母细胞的减数分裂是属于同时型的,小孢子的发育过程基本相同。花粉粒的发育在同一花药中基本上是同步的,在同花中九个连体花药的花粉粒的发育也基本上是同步的,而单个花药中花药粉粒的发育要稍落后于九个连体花药中的花粉粒。大豆的两个精子是在花粉管和花粉粒中形成的,即二、三细胞型;野生大豆的两个精子是在花粉管中形成的即二细胞型。本文讨论了这两种植物精子发生途径的类型及分类学上的意义。