The basic problem of given paper is a role of women-empresses in the process of spreading Buddhism in Japan during VI-VIII cc. There are many evidences that during the process of spreading Buddhism in the Far East and...The basic problem of given paper is a role of women-empresses in the process of spreading Buddhism in Japan during VI-VIII cc. There are many evidences that during the process of spreading Buddhism in the Far East and South-East Asia, the principles of Buddhist doctrine became a part of the state ideology in many cases due to the patronage of the powerful laywomen. In Japan, thanks to the activity of empresses Suiko （597-628）, Jito （645-703） and Koken （718-770）. Buddhism could integrate into the system of traditional religion Shinto, developing further into Shinto-Buddhist syncretism. During the reign of Suiko about a hundred of the Buddhists, temples have been constructed through all the country and a system of religious bureaucracy ＂Sogo＂ was founded. Empress Jito took part in religious reforms during the second half of VII century and sent Buddhist missionaries to the local aborigines haya to and emishi. Empress Koken after the death of her father-emperor Shomu continued his policy to constructing the state ideology on the basis of Buddhism and was the first ruler in the history of early-medieval Japan, who permitted Buddhists to take part in the Shinto ceremonies. Therefore, the study of the role of empresses in spreading of Buddhism in Japan is important for understanding the history of religious and cultural traditions in Japan.展开更多
Ranking the first in tea production and sales globally,China occupies a decisive position in the global tea market.However,China’s tea export still faces problems such as low average export price,few international br...Ranking the first in tea production and sales globally,China occupies a decisive position in the global tea market.However,China’s tea export still faces problems such as low average export price,few international brands,single export market,and weak ability of market entities to deal with technical barriers to trade.Therefore,the analysis and summary of promotion measures for tea export taken by India and Japan is of great significance to the formulation of China’s tea export promotion policies.展开更多
This paper tries to comprehensively summarize the reasons of damages at the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 and what are the lessons in terms of earthquake and tsunami safety of building and cities. The ...This paper tries to comprehensively summarize the reasons of damages at the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 and what are the lessons in terms of earthquake and tsunami safety of building and cities. The paper examines the damage of tsunami affected areas and analyses the damage to extract lessons in order to safely reconstruct the affected areas from the view point of building regulations such as ＂Disaster Risk Area＂ provided by the Article 39 of the Building Standard Law and the Urbanization Control Area and UPA （Urbanization Promotion Area） provided by the Article 8 of the Ordinance of the City Planning Law of Japan.展开更多
In the early Qing Dynasty,Donggao Xinyue(东皋心越)crossed the sea to Japan and built the JushōSect(寿昌派)of Caodong School(曹洞宗,Japanese:Soto-shu)there.He preached the repetition of the Buddha’s name(Nianfo Chan...In the early Qing Dynasty,Donggao Xinyue(东皋心越)crossed the sea to Japan and built the JushōSect(寿昌派)of Caodong School(曹洞宗,Japanese:Soto-shu)there.He preached the repetition of the Buddha’s name(Nianfo Chan念佛禅)as the method of practice of his Sect and inherited the“Five Scenarios”theory of Caodong as the doctrine.Donggao’s chanting meditation was the common form of practice following the confluence of Chan Buddhism and the Pure Land School in the Ming Dynasty,and his“Five Scenarios of Correct and Partial Realization(Wuwei Zhengpian五位正偏)”,“Five Positions of the Ruler and Subjects(Wuwei Junchen五位君臣)”,and use of symbols came from Juelang Daosheng(觉浪道盛).His building of the JushōSect was driven by the Tokugawa’s(德川)political power of the Edo(江户)Period and the wish for new ideas of the Japanese Soto(Caodong曹洞)masters,but Donggao’s Chan failed to leave behind an obvious social impact due to the cultural differences between China and Japan,with the cultural influence being merely transient.Thus,attention should be paid to the social and cultural contexts of the intellectual history of Chan Buddhism when considering its rise and fall.展开更多
文摘The basic problem of given paper is a role of women-empresses in the process of spreading Buddhism in Japan during VI-VIII cc. There are many evidences that during the process of spreading Buddhism in the Far East and South-East Asia, the principles of Buddhist doctrine became a part of the state ideology in many cases due to the patronage of the powerful laywomen. In Japan, thanks to the activity of empresses Suiko （597-628）, Jito （645-703） and Koken （718-770）. Buddhism could integrate into the system of traditional religion Shinto, developing further into Shinto-Buddhist syncretism. During the reign of Suiko about a hundred of the Buddhists, temples have been constructed through all the country and a system of religious bureaucracy ＂Sogo＂ was founded. Empress Jito took part in religious reforms during the second half of VII century and sent Buddhist missionaries to the local aborigines haya to and emishi. Empress Koken after the death of her father-emperor Shomu continued his policy to constructing the state ideology on the basis of Buddhism and was the first ruler in the history of early-medieval Japan, who permitted Buddhists to take part in the Shinto ceremonies. Therefore, the study of the role of empresses in spreading of Buddhism in Japan is important for understanding the history of religious and cultural traditions in Japan.
文摘Ranking the first in tea production and sales globally,China occupies a decisive position in the global tea market.However,China’s tea export still faces problems such as low average export price,few international brands,single export market,and weak ability of market entities to deal with technical barriers to trade.Therefore,the analysis and summary of promotion measures for tea export taken by India and Japan is of great significance to the formulation of China’s tea export promotion policies.
文摘This paper tries to comprehensively summarize the reasons of damages at the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 and what are the lessons in terms of earthquake and tsunami safety of building and cities. The paper examines the damage of tsunami affected areas and analyses the damage to extract lessons in order to safely reconstruct the affected areas from the view point of building regulations such as ＂Disaster Risk Area＂ provided by the Article 39 of the Building Standard Law and the Urbanization Control Area and UPA （Urbanization Promotion Area） provided by the Article 8 of the Ordinance of the City Planning Law of Japan.
文摘In the early Qing Dynasty,Donggao Xinyue(东皋心越)crossed the sea to Japan and built the JushōSect(寿昌派)of Caodong School(曹洞宗,Japanese:Soto-shu)there.He preached the repetition of the Buddha’s name(Nianfo Chan念佛禅)as the method of practice of his Sect and inherited the“Five Scenarios”theory of Caodong as the doctrine.Donggao’s chanting meditation was the common form of practice following the confluence of Chan Buddhism and the Pure Land School in the Ming Dynasty,and his“Five Scenarios of Correct and Partial Realization(Wuwei Zhengpian五位正偏)”,“Five Positions of the Ruler and Subjects(Wuwei Junchen五位君臣)”,and use of symbols came from Juelang Daosheng(觉浪道盛).His building of the JushōSect was driven by the Tokugawa’s(德川)political power of the Edo(江户)Period and the wish for new ideas of the Japanese Soto(Caodong曹洞)masters,but Donggao’s Chan failed to leave behind an obvious social impact due to the cultural differences between China and Japan,with the cultural influence being merely transient.Thus,attention should be paid to the social and cultural contexts of the intellectual history of Chan Buddhism when considering its rise and fall.
