Ripple-effect analysis for operational architecture of air defense systems with supernetwork modeling

In order to solve the problem that the ripple-effect analy- sis for the operational architecture of air defense systems （OAADS） is hardly described in quantity with previous modeling approaches, a supernetwork modeling approach for the OAADS is put for- ward by extending granular computing. Based on that operational units and links are equal to different information granularities, the supernetwork framework of the OAADS is constructed as a “four- network within two-layer” structure by forming dynamic operating coalitions, and measuring indexes of the ripple-effect analysis for the OAADS are given combining with Laplace spectral radius. In this framework, via analyzing multidimensional attributes which inherit relations between operational units in different granular scales, an extended granular computing is put forward integrating with a topological structure. Then the operation process within the supernetwork framework, including transformation relations be- tween two layers in the vertical view and mapping relations among functional networks in the horizontal view, is studied in quantity. As the application case shows, comparing with previous modeling approaches, the supernetwork model can validate and analyze the operation mechanism in the air defense architecture, and the ripple-effect analysis can be used to confirm the key operational unit with micro and macro viewpoints.

Model architecture-oriented combat system effectiveness simulation based on MDE

Combat system effectiveness simulation (CSES) is a special type of complex system simulation. Three non-functional requirements (NFRs), i.e. model composability, domain specific modeling, and model evolvability, are gaining higher priority from CSES users when evaluating different modeling methodologies for CSES. Traditional CSES modeling methodologies are either domain-neutral (lack of domain characteristics consideration and limited support for model composability) or domain-oriented (lack of openness and evolvability) and fall short of the three NFRs. Inspired by the concept of architecture in systems engineering and software engineering fields, we extend it into a concept of model architecture for complex simulation systems, and propose a model architecture-oriented modeling methodology in which the model architecture plays a central role in achieving the three NFRs. Various model-driven engineering (MDE) approaches and technologies, including simulation modeling platform (SMP), unified modeling language (UML), domain specific modeling (DSM), eclipse modeling framework (EMF), graphical modeling framework (GMF), and so forth, are applied where possible in representing the CSES model architecture and its components' behaviors from physical and cognitive domain aspects. A prototype CSES system, called weapon effectiveness simulation system (WESS), and a non-trivial air-combat simulation example are presented to demonstrate the methodology.

On modeling and analyzing multi-agent systems using π-calculus

Dynamic architecture of multi-agent systems （MAS） is important for critical systems. As the existing formal specifications of MAS cannot describe its dynamic architecture, a formal approach using n-calculus is presented, which is suited for the describing and analyzing of concurrent MAS with dynamic topology, n-calculus describes the belief-desireintention （BDI） model that represents agent＇s mental states and provides many useful facilities to analyze MAS model such as deadlock, behavior equivalence, and model checking. To illustrate the favorable representation capability of n-calculus, an example of dynamic multi-agent systems in e-commerce is provided. Finally, by using an existing n-calculus supporting tool, MAS model and some key behaviors properties are analyzed and verified.

Distributed MPC for Reconfigurable Architecture Systems via Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

This paper investigates the distributed model predictive control(MPC)problem of linear systems where the network topology is changeable by the way of inserting new subsystems,disconnecting existing subsystems,or merely modifying the couplings between different subsystems.To equip live systems with a quick response ability when modifying network topology,while keeping a satisfactory dynamic performance,a novel reconfiguration control scheme based on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM)is presented.In this scheme,the local controllers directly influenced by the structure realignment are redesigned in the reconfiguration control.Meanwhile,by employing the powerful ADMM algorithm,the iterative formulas for solving the reconfigured optimization problem are obtained,which significantly accelerate the computation speed and ensure a timely output of the reconfigured optimal control response.Ultimately,the presented reconfiguration scheme is applied to the level control of a benchmark four-tank plant to illustrate its effectiveness and main characteristics.

Architecture Design for Internet-Based Control Systems

The Internet is playing an important role in information retrieval, and additionally industrial process manipulation. This paper describes an approach to writing requirements specifications for Internet-based control systems, from which architectures can be derived. The requirements specifications developed are described in terms of a functional model, which is then extended to form an information architecture. Distinct from the functional model, the information architecture provides an indication as to the architectural structure of subsequently developed Internet-based control systems. Three general control structures are generated from the analysis of an information architecture. An integrated-distributed architecture is derived as an ideal implementation, in which a control system is linked to the Internet at all levels of a control system hierarchy.

ARCHITECTURE MODEL AND RESOURCE GRAPH BUILDING ALGORITHM FOR DETAILED FPGA ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

This paper addresses the issue of designing the detailed architectures of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), which has a great impact on the overall performances of an FPGA in practice. Firstly, a novel FPGA architecture description model is proposed based on an easy-to-use file format known as YAML. This format permits the description of any detailed architecture of hard blocks and channels. Then a general algorithm of building FPGA resource graph is presented. The proposed model is scalable and capable of dealing with detailed architecture design and can be used in FPGA architecture evaluation system which is developed to enable detailed architecture design. Experimental results show that a maximum of 16.36% reduction in total wirelength and a maximum of 9.34% reduction in router effort can be obtained by making very little changes to detailed architectures, which verifies the necessity and effectiveness of the proposed model.

OPEN ARCHITECTURE CNC SYSTEM HITCNC AND KEY TECHNOLOGY

Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.

基于L-system算法的植物信息模型构建和三维绿量分析

【目的】当前广泛使用的三角面网格模型并不能全面表达植物模型特征,探索行业内植物信息模型构建与三维绿量计算新方法具有重要意义。【方法】在梳理L-system植物生成算法发展背景和研究进展的基础上,基于华中农业大学襄阳现代农业研究院本科宿舍区的规划情景,使用L-system算法,基于24种植物的分枝结构和形态特征,生成参数化的L-system植被模型。【结果】构建出研究区域建成初期绿地规划模型与植物成熟期绿地规划模型,并提出了4项三维绿量的评估指标定义和计算方法,对场地建成初期和植物成熟期的绿量特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,场地建成初期三维绿量为13497.08 m^(3),单位面积三维绿量为12.25 m^(3)/m^(2);植物成熟期三维绿量可达215097.42 m^(3),单位面积三维绿量达到195.00 m^(3)/m^(2)。【结论】在规划设计领域,基于L-system算法的植物模型建模,可实现模型构建的参数化和便捷化,并适用于不同的细节层级,在规划设计算法模型标准制定、植物数字孪生模型构建和生态效能评估方面具备着广泛的应用前景。

基于SysML和Modelica的载人月球探测航天器总体设计与仿真验证

针对载人月球探测任务飞行模式复杂、航天器状态多、技术指标要求高的问题,基于SysML和Modelica建模语言对载人月球探测航天器进行总体设计和仿真验证研究,结合航天器型号流程提出一套基于模型的载人月球探测航天器总体方案设计流程。首先基于SysML语言从工程总体需求出发,逐项分解出系统级需求;其次根据工程总体提供的载人月球探测飞行模式开展系统行为分析,同步设计应急救生方案;再次通过系统行为分解航天器功能模块及分系统,赋予物质、能量和信息描述;最后基于SysML模型搭建Modelica仿真体系,对航天器系统的总体参数进行仿真验证,同时经仿真确认后将功能、性能参数进行条目化分解,形成系统总体对分系统的需求。以载人月球探测航天器系统为例验证了设计流程有效性,为其它航天器MBSE应用提供参考。

Generation Rules in POMA Architecture

Another component in Pattern-Oriented and Model-Driven Architecture (POMA) is the concept of model generation. The generation code of models is the process of creating a source code from a model using generation rules. In this paper, we present the generation rules that are used to support the automated code generator of POMA architecture to generate the source code of the entire interactive system. These Platform-Specific Model (PSM) models are based on patterns which illustrate how several individual models of patterns can be generated at different levels of abstraction such as PSM models to source code in the development of interactive systems.

基于模型的船体性能数值模拟系统标准集构建方法研究

本文面向船体性能数值模拟系统数字化、智能化的开发与应用需求,聚焦提升系统开发效率与质量,研究确定了基于模型的复杂软件系统标准集构建技术路径,开展了系统开发需求分析与场景建模,以及系统视图构建,在此基础上综合考虑系统生命周期、功能实现、系统组成等不同维度,分析形成了该系统的标准体系架构,以软件全生命周期质量保证过程为例,开展各环节的标准适用性与缺项标准分析,分别构建了标准配置模型(StdV-1)和标准预测模型(StdV-2),形成了能够支撑系统开发和应用的标准集,增强了各类标准对系统全生命周期过程的规范和约束。

高校富媒体在线考试的体系结构与全流程设计

针对传统在线考试的灵活性和智能化程度不足的问题,把富媒体理念引入高校在线考试过程,可以在简答、计算和综合等题型中插入图片、视频和声音等,提出采用深度学习的智能阅卷模块和基于动作分析的智能监考模块,保证在线考试的易于交互、高效监考和智能阅卷效果。在分析在线考试需求的基础上,构建了富媒体在线考试的体系结构与功能模型,开展了富媒体在线考试的全流程设计,为基于云计算的富媒体在线考试系统的开发与完善,提供了概念模型与数据模型的支持。智能测评云平台的应用案例证明了所提出富媒体在线考试模型的有效性。

嵌入式机房多功能模块智能监控系统设计

为充分提高大型机房智能化运维能力,及时排除各种异常情况,实现高精度、低功耗的系统设计目标;提出基于嵌入式的机房多功能模块智能监控系统设计方法;设计针对机房空间的传感信号采集层、数据传输层、后台监控层的多层系统架构;硬件结构设计了用户登录模块、传感器运行模块、数据记录模块和监控显示模块,4个功能模块在多层架构下工作;软件部分通过数据传输程序连接终端设备与云计算中心,利用数据处理程序完成功能模块参数设置,完成嵌入式机房运行数据自动监控,针对系统的功耗问题,设计了微结构级功耗模型,降低系统功耗;实验结果表明:所设计系统容错率在80%以上,数据采集精度高,当浓度超过100 ppm时,自动对烟雾超标情况启动报警装置;可以实时响应接入设备,及时获取预警信息,功耗低,平均响应时间均在2.8 s以下,实现嵌入式机房自动智能监控。

Statistical modeling of nitrogen-dependent modulation of root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant root development is strongly affected by nutrient availability. Despite the importance of structure and function of roots in nutrient acquisition,statistical modeling approaches to evaluate dynamic and temporal modulations of root system architecture in response to nutrient availability have remained as widely open and exploratory areas in root biology. In this study,we developed a statistical modeling approach to investigate modulations of root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability. Mathematical models were designed for quantitative assessment of root growth and root branching phenotypes and their dynamic relationships based on hierarchical con figuration of primary and lateral roots formulating the fishbone-shaped root system architecture in Arabidopsis thaliana. Time-series datasets reporting dynamic changes in root developmental traits on different nitrate or ammonium concentrations were generated for statistical analyses. Regression analyses unraveled key parameters associated with：（i） inhibition of primary root growth under nitrogen limitation or on ammonium;（ii） rapid progression of lateral root emergence in response to ammonium; and（iii） inhibition of lateral root elongation in the presence of excess nitrate or ammonium. This study provides a statistical framework for interpreting dynamic modulation of root system architecture,supported by metaanalysis of datasets displaying morphological responses of roots to diverse nitrogen supplies.

基于DoDAF的低慢小飞行器综合处置体系架构设计

针对低慢小飞行器在综合处置中威胁环境复杂、多学科关键技术交互密切等现状,引入美国国防部体系架构框架(Department of Defense Architecture Framework,DoDAF)对低慢小飞行器综合处置体系进行顶层设计。对其视角视图进行“补充、裁剪、融合”,定义了各视角的建模顺序及各视角下视图的建模方法,形成一套面向各类复杂体系分析与设计问题完备的构建方法及一套体系架构快速设计方法。并以一种新型多元载荷协同作战的低慢小飞行器综合处置体系进行建模与仿真,验证了该方法能为低慢小飞行器的综合处置作战提供系统全面的描述和可靠的概念模型支撑、该模型可为作战体系架构设计与装备技术发展提供牵引。

Harmony SE在民用飞机设计中的应用

随着民用飞机技术精细化和产品复杂性的提高,民用飞机设计已从传统的基于文档的系统工程转变为基于模型的系统工程,系统表达也从以文档为中心转变为以模型为中心。为进一步提高民用飞机设计中系统建模的模型质量与正确性,进而缩短设计的开发周期与成本,探究以模型驱动及验证为主导的系统工程方法在民用飞机设计领域的适用性,建立民用飞机设计的系统工程框架,用以支持民用飞机的可靠设计与高效交付。以Harmony SE建模方法为切入点,介绍其工作流程和建模思想;分析民用飞机在系统工程实践中出现的突出问题,说明Harmony SE方法在民用飞机系统工程领域的适用性,建立民用飞机设计的系统工程实践体系;以油箱增压组件为研究对象,应用实践体系开展组件级系统工程实践。结果表明,文中所提出的民用飞机设计系统工程体系和方法能够正确合理地分配设计需求并建立完整的系统模型,有助于提升现阶段民用飞机设计的效率与准确性。

基于模型的系统工程统一架构建模语言的标准体系构建

标准化是基于模型的系统工程的基础,随着多架构建模语言已经被应用于多领域、全周期、多层级的架构建模,多架构建模语言的标准化体系也逐渐受到重视。基于国家标准计划《系统与软件工程基于模型的系统工程统一架构建模语言》,提出架构建模语言的标准规范框架,重点阐述两种核心语言规范、支撑规范及领域规范。最后,提出标准的未来发展路径,进而推动多架构建模语言、工具及方法论的标准化进程。

隐性知识深度服务体系架构及其协同机制

[研究目的]明晰需求导向下的隐性知识深度服务体系功能、要素、架构及其协同机制,提升隐性知识应用价值、改善其创新效益。[研究方法]基于深度服务理念,融合系统科学和协同学思想,从用户与环境双重视角,利用Kano模型与WBS方法剖析隐性知识服务需求、厘清其结构;在此基础上,由需求结构推演系统功能结构,基于一般系统方法论之结构方法反演隐性知识服务体系架构;进而,以WSR系统方法论分析隐性知识深度服务体系要素及其间作用机理,并基于协同学思想讨论该体系架构的协同机制。[研究结论]明确了隐性知识深度服务体系架构及其协同机制,丰富了相关理论成果,为实践域内应用系统的顶层设计提供了遵循与参考。

基于任务驱动的煤矿生产安全智能化管控平台设计与研究

在研究智能化矿井建设的基础上,根据具体业务和任务需求,从煤矿从业人员的角度出发,提出了一个发挥机关科室专业特长,促使基层联队安全、高效、高质量完成每日、每月、每年工作任务的智能化管控平台数学模型;设计了基于此管控平台所需的,将各种单一业务、任务信息化应用的数据之间联系起来的应用层、分析处理层、传输层、设备感知层的技术架构;描述了构建一个统一联动各子系统,实现信息收集与反馈,多类别、多来源不同感知信息集成与融合的数据采集系统,为调度指挥中心及平台使用者实现协同管控一体化、信息流通畅通化、生产效率最大化奠定了坚实的基础。